Li Qingzhao (1084- 1 156), a native of Southern Song Dynasty, is the most famous poetess in China history. Self-styled Yi 'an lay man. It is said that she has seven volumes of Collected Works of Yi 'an Jushi and eight volumes of Yi 'an Ci, but they have been lost. There are about 50 Shu Yu Ci at present.
1084, Li Qingzhao was born in Mingshui Town, Zhangqiu, qi zhou (now Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong). His father, Li, is a scholar. He is a famous writer. Deeply appreciated by Su Shi, a great literary master at that time, he often exchanged articles. Mother Wang is a noble family, and great-grandfather Wang Jingtu and great-grandfather are all scholars. Grandfather Wang Zhun was named lord protector of Han Dynasty, and his father Wang Gui was named lord protector of Zhongshu Province when he was in Xining, Song Shenzong, and Yuan was regarded as the official position of Shangshu. They were all prime ministers in charge of the national center and were named lord protector. Good literature.
11kloc-0/Li Qingzhao 18 years old, married Zhao Mingcheng, a great teacher in Zhucheng who is three years older than her. Zhao Mingcheng is a Jinshi family. I lived a stable and prosperous life in the early stage, and wrote mostly about the grievances of the boudoir or the thoughts of my husband. 1 107 moved to Qingzhou. 1 127, Jin Bing captured Qingzhou, and Li Qingzhao and his wife went south to cross Jiangning. In Zhenjiang, Zhang Yu was trapped in Zhenjiang House, and Zhenjiang Shoujiang abandoned the city and fled. It arrived in jiangning house in the spring of the second year of Jianyan (1 128). Li Qingzhao, a poet, lived a hard life after crossing the south.
Li Qingzhao's husband died in Jiankang on11August 291August 8 (lunar calendar), and Li Qingzhao made a memorial for him: "The sun is in the middle, sighing for Pang Weng's opportunity; The city is self-defeating, and the woman's sorrow is deep. " In March of the first year of Shaoxing (1 13 1), I went to Vietnam (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and my calligraphy and painting were stolen overnight. All the stone scrolls collected with her husband in those years were scattered, which made her suffer a great blow, and her writing became anxiety about reality. In the second year of Shaoxing (1 132), he went to Hangzhou and remarried Zhang Ruzhou. The marriage was not happy, and he divorced a few months later. The date of death is unknown, but it is at least 1 15 1 year later.
Putting Li Qingzhao in the first place is definitely popular. If you ask how amazing Li Qingzhao's poems are, we will intercept her words and share them with you:
1, live as a hero and die as a ghost. Today, people still miss Xiang Yu because he refused to live and returned to the East.
2, fight for crossing, fight for crossing, and open a beach of gulls and herons.
3, Mo Tao, curtain roll west wind, people are thinner than yellow flowers.
4, looking for, cold and clear, miserable.
5, this time, what a sad sentence!
6. Do you know? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat, red and thin.
Only part of it, of course … see if there are any words that make you familiar?
Li Qingzhao, a talented woman, was the most talented woman in ancient China, and was also the most easily mentioned by later generations.
No.2 Guan daosheng
Guan Furen, namely Guan Daosheng (1262 ~ 13 19), a native of Maoshan Village (now Ganshan Town) in Deqing County, was a famous female calligrapher, painter, poet and talented woman in Yuan Dynasty. Smart since childhood, able to write poetry and paint well, he married Zhao Mengfu and was conferred the title of Mrs. Wei. Yuan Yanchang died on May 10th, 2006 and was buried in James (now Dongheng Village, Luoshe Township). He is good at drawing ink bamboo with clear brushwork. He also devoted himself to landscapes, Buddha statues, poems and calligraphy, enjoying a high reputation and being known as the Guan Furen of the world.
Guan Furen is the author of 65,438+0 volumes of Zhu Mo Pu, and his works handed down from generation to generation include Shui Zhu Tu Juan, Qiu Shen Tie, Mountain Building Embroidered Buddha Tu, Changming Temple Tu, etc. Yuan Renzong tasted a volume of calligraphy by generals, Guan Furen and Zhao Yong supervised by the Tibetan secretary. He said: "It is also a miracle to let future generations know that there was a couple who were good at calligraphy in our dynasty." Guan Furen has a famous poem "I Nong Ci". It is said that when Zhao Mengfu was 50 years old, he wanted to take a concubine like a celebrity at that time, but he was too embarrassed to tell his wife that he wrote this poem after she knew it. Zhao Mengfu read "I Nong Ci" and was deeply moved. He never mentioned concubinage again. The full text of "I Nong Ci" is as follows: "You Nong Nong, you are very affectionate; A lot of feelings, hot as fire; Twist a piece of mud to make you and me. Break the two of us together and mix them with water; Twist the other you and shape the other me. I have you in the mud, and you have me in the mud: life with you, death with you.
Zhao Mengfu and Guan Furen have deep feelings, so most experts think that Autumn Deep Post should be written by Zhao Mengfu, not his wife Guan Daosheng. Judging from the handwriting, Qiu is gentle and gentle, which conforms to the characteristics of his running script. Experts speculate that it may be that his wife wrote a letter back home, but he was forgetful when he wrote it and finally signed his name. Zhao Mengfu, who loves his wife deeply, found out that his name was inappropriate and quickly changed it. We don't know exactly how.
No.3 Shangguan Waner
Shangguan Waner (664 ~ 7 10) was a poetess in the Tang Dynasty. Longxi Shangguan (now Tianshui, Gansu) people. Shangguan Yi's granddaughter. As the first prime minister, she inherited all the talents of her grandfather, and was good at poetry and brilliant. After Shangguan Yi was found guilty, he did not enter the palace, nor did Shangguan Waner and his mother Zheng Shitong receive gifts. Mother Zheng is Taichang's sister. Under Zheng's training, Shangguan Waner was familiar with poetry and knew well about officialdom. In the second year of Yifeng (677), she was fortunate to be smart and able to write poems. When the marquis of Wu proclaimed himself emperor, he ordered many people to be called "butlers".
Shangguan Waner is the granddaughter of Tang Gaozong Prime Minister Shangguan Yi. In the first year of Linde, Shangguan Yi was killed by the marquis of Wu for drafting the imperial edict to abolish Wu Zetian for Emperor Gaozong, and his family was lost. Shangguan Waner, who is still in infancy, and her mother Zheng Shitong are not married. At the age of fourteen, she was enchanting and gorgeous, beautiful and light, smiling like a flower, and poised. In addition, she was born smart and beautiful, she read brilliantly and wrote thousands of words. In the second year of Yifeng, Shangguan Waner was summoned to the palace by Wu Zetian and put forward a proposition on the spot for him to write according to the topic. Shangguan Waner's calligraphy is exquisite and elegant, and her calligraphy is like a hairpin. Wu Zetian saw the great joy and immediately ordered him to be exempted from his handmaiden status and put him in charge of the imperial edict of the palace. Since then, the imperial edicts formulated by Wu Zetian have been written by Shangguan Waner. The queen repeatedly exclaimed: "This woman is absolutely extraordinary!" .
Shangguan Waner is a talented woman in history, and her life can be described as a bumpy legend. Although there is no name of prime minister, there is a reality of prime minister. During the Kaiyuan period, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty remembered Shangguan Waner's talent and ordered her poems to be compiled into a book, totaling 20 volumes. Zhang said that she wrote: "Being quick at listening and probing into the mirror theory, while opening a book is just like listening before, shaking the pen and flying away, and becoming isomorphic. In ancient times, there were women who wrote historical records, and women ministers who made decisions and made statements. Zhao Rong of the two dynasties was beautiful, and both were counselors. She should be satisfied. Although China people are called Ban Yuan, she is praised by Zuo Wei, with different writing methods and different auxiliary power. " In this collection of poems, The Whole Tang Poetry only contains 32 poems. During Zhenyuan period, Lu Wen wrote Song of Shangguan Bookstore, which showed a fragment of his literary career. Shangguan Waner was a charming harem woman in the history of the Tang Dynasty, which was recorded in The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty and The Biography of Empresses in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty.
Although Shangguan Waner once enjoyed all the splendor, she still had to gasp at the emperor, queen and princess, and still had to cater to them. I'm afraid only she knows the joys and sorrows. Later, she still did not escape bad luck and became a victim of the struggle for imperial power.
No.4 weishuo
Wei, the first female calligrapher in China.
Wei Shuo, Mrs. Wei (272-349), whose real name was Mao Yi, was a famous female calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Hedong Anyi (now Xia County, Shanxi Province) people. Wei Guan, the ancestor of the clan, was an ordinary official in the Western Jin Dynasty. Together with Suo Jing, he recorded history and was good at cursive writing, so he was called "two unique works in one episode". Wang Youjun (Wang Xizhi) is the teacher. The wife of Li Moment, the satrap of Ruyin, is called Mrs. Wei. Studied under Zhong You and You. The eight lines of regular script handed down from ancient times in Chunhua Pavilion post and calligraphy theory's brush strokes are probably written by people skilled in this field. Family background (niece of Wei Guan, the father of Northern School, and cousin of Wei Huan) is very famous in contemporary times. Starting from his father Wei Heng, Huang Menlang became an official, and his calligraphy was also very good. He wrote four-body calligraphy. "Calligraphy to Record" says that her brushwork is based on Zhong You, and Zhong Wei's method is integrated into a furnace.
Mrs. Wei not only made outstanding achievements in the practice of calligraphy art, but also made great achievements in the theory of calligraphy art, made a comprehensive and in-depth discussion, wrote a volume of "Pen Tu", comprehensively and in-depth consulted relevant calligraphy theory, and put forward her own views. In her book, she first pointed out that the beauty of calligraphy is "not using a pen first". Advocating learning calligraphy should be traced back to the source, learning from the ancients, and opposing practice makes perfect, learning without support, learning without use, learning without success. Mrs. Wei also suggested that when studying and creating, we should pay attention to the varieties and origins of pens, ink, paper and inkstones, and emphasize that if workers want to do well, they must first sharpen their tools.
Mrs. Wei engaged in calligraphy art practice all her life, summed up a lot of artistic theories, pointed out the direction and road for future calligraphers, and became an important content and evaluation standard in China calligraphy theory, which had a great influence on the development of calligraphy theory and practice in past dynasties. Although Mrs. Wei's "brush drawing" refers to and draws lessons from some previous discussions, on the basis of inheritance, Mrs. Wei's development and creation are indispensable.
Fifth place Cai Wenji.
Cai Wenji is the daughter of Cai Yong, a famous scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty. I won't go into details about her legendary experience, but her famous blood and tears poems "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia" and "Poems of Mourning Anger" represent her soul.
Hu Jia's eighteen beats: the chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty was raging year after year. During his escape, he was captured by Hungary and exiled to the Great Wall. Later, he married Zuo and gave birth to two children. She spent twelve spring and autumn years outside the Great Wall, but she missed her hometown all the time. Cao Cao pacified the Central Plains, made peace with Xiongnu, and sent evil messengers to redeem Moon Hee with a large sum of money, so he wrote the famous long poem "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia", describing her life's misfortunes. Qin Ge has big Hu Jia, small Hu Jia, Hu Jia eighteen beats and other versions. Although the tunes are different, they all reflect Cai Wenji Road's extremely contradictory and painful feelings of missing his hometown and not being able to bear the separation of flesh and blood. Music euphemistically mourns and tears the liver and intestines.
No.6 Ban Zhao
Ban Zhao's talent comes from his noble family. She can be described as a noble family with a family background. She helped her brother Ban Gu, a great historian, finish Hanshu.
Ban Zhao (about 49- about 120), Aji, whose real name is Huiban, was born in Fufeng. Daughter of Ban Biao, sister of Ban Gu and Ban Chao, wife of Uncle Cao, widowed early. It was consolidated into Hanshu, with eight tables and astronomical records unfinished, and the imperial edict of the Han emperor continued from the east. After several summonses, the queen was called Master Cao (gū). There are seven commandments in three volumes. Ban Zhao's literary talent is first manifested in helping his brother Ban Gu to fix Hanshu. When this book was about to be written, his brother Ban Gu died in prison because he was involved in Dou Xian's case. Drawing lessons from these mistakes, Ban Zhao continued to complete the writing of Forgotten Brothers, which won high praise. Ban Zhao's literary talent is also reflected in her seven articles "Women's Caution".
The seven commandments include seven chapters: inferiority complex, husband and wife, caution, women, concentration, obedience, uncles and sisters. Originally, it was a private school textbook for teaching class girls, but aristocratic families in Beijing scrambled to copy it and soon became popular all over the country. Ban Zhao was a knowledgeable, virtuous and virtuous woman in ancient China. She is a historian, writer and politician. Ban Zhao mainly lived in the era of Han and Emperor, who died shortly after Ban Chao's death, and Empress Dowager Deng was in charge of state affairs. Empress Deng was in power as a concubine, and Ban Zhao could participate in confidential affairs as a master, be as faithful as possible, and then die.
No.7 Zhuo Wenjun
The phrase "I wish to win one heart and never leave each other" makes Zhuo Wenjun, a talented ancient beauty, come into our sight. Zhuo Wenjun, a famous talented woman in the Western Han Dynasty, will not go into details one by one. Just to mention two points: he is good at playing the piano, and once collaborated with her husband Sima Xiangru on the famous song "Phoenix Begging for Phoenix"; Shi Neng, China's earliest five-character poem "Whitehead Poetry" was written by him.
Later generations commented on the jingle: after a farewell, the two places hung together, only in March and April, but in May and June, the lyre was unintentionally played, the eight-part essay could not be passed down, and the nine-part chain was broken. I'm anxious to see Shili Pavilion, and I'm full of thoughts. I blame you for being helpless.
A thousand words can't be finished, and I'm bored to see the lonely goose for nine days. In August, the Mid-Autumn Festival is crowded with people, and in July and a half, people burn incense and ask for heaven. In June, everyone shook my heart. Pomegranate is like fire in May, with cold rain. April loquat is not yellow, and I want to be confused in front of the mirror. In a hurry, the peach blossoms turn with the water in March. Falling and falling, the kite string was broken in February, alas!
No.8 Liu
Liu, a famous talented woman in Ming Dynasty, was the first of the eight beauties in Qinhuai. She entered a martial arts competition with two famous poets and Qian at that time. Wu Ming, jump into the river and die.
Liu (16 18 ~ 1664), whose real name is Yang, whose real name is Ai and whose real name is Yin, was later renamed Yes, with the words "He Dongjun" and "Wu Hongjun", from shengze town. When I was a child, I was sold to Xu Fojia, a famous prostitute in Shengze, as an adopted daughter. Educated, Liu Shi is good at seven words, and he has both the brushwork of Yu Shinan and Zhu Suiliang. Older, living in a brothel. In Songjiang, with peerless talent, she interacted with Fu She, Ji She and party member, and often talked about the current situation and sang poems with literati in Confucian clothes and men's clothes. In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (164 1), he became friends with Qian and Liu, the leaders of Changshu. They live together in Jiangyun Mansion. They like reading and discussing poetry. Qian posthumous title Wei Liu "Liu Rusheng". Liu advised Qian to be a martyr and chose three ways to die: knife, rope and water. Money is reluctant, if you jump into the lotus pond and die. At the end of the Qing dynasty, Qian was driven back to his hometown because of suspicion and died of depression. Qian's family took the opportunity to force Liu, so they committed suicide. Works handed down from ancient times include Wuyinsao, Liu Shi and Zuxu. If so, the tomb is in the west of Qian Tomb at the foot of Yushan Mountain in Changshu, and the inscription is "Hedong Jun Tomb".
No.9 Zhu
Zhu (about 1 135~ about 1 180), a hermit and a poetess in the Song Dynasty, is one of the most poetesses since the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, he was alive, but the rest of his life could not be tested. Legend has it that he is from Zhejiang and comes from an official family. My husband is a junior official in grammar, and the husband and wife disagreed because of different interests, which eventually led to his depression and early death. It is also said that after Shu Zhen's death, her parents burned her manuscript before her death, and the existing heartbroken poems and heartbroken words have been passed down from generation to generation, which is a posthumous legacy.
Xie Daowen 10
Xie Daowen, Xie An's niece, was a famous talented woman in Southern Dynasties. She is famous for her poem "If catkins don't rise with the wind", and another poem "Taishan Fu" has been handed down from generation to generation. Although carefully scrutinized, it is not supported by other excellent works. Masterpiece: Mountaineering: E 'e is high in the east and beautiful in the sky. The middle of the rock is empty, lonely and mysterious. Without work and craftsmanship, clouds constitute nature. How's the weather? So I moved again and again. If you die, you will stay in Sri Lanka. You can do your best.