1September, 927, when the cooperation between China and Guo Huaruo broke down and many defectors left the party, they chased the southern uprising troops near Sanheba, dapu county, Guangdong Province, and struggled to move to the border of Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi under the leadership of Zhu De. During this period, he was deeply impressed by Zhu De's guerrilla tactics against the Kuomintang pursuers, and thought about it theoretically. 1October, 1927, 165438+ Guo Huaruo went to Moscow Artillery School of the Soviet Union to study abroad, and did not return to China until the winter of 1928. 1944, 1 1 month, He Long, commander and Xu, deputy commander of the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Jinsui Joint Defense Army, talked with Guo Huaruo on behalf of the Central Military Commission, asking him to be the principal of Yan 'an Artillery School and be fully responsible for the establishment of the school. There is no doubt that Guo Hua is the most suitable candidate. He graduated from Whampoa Military Academy and studied in Moscow, Soviet Union, majoring in artillery. In addition, he is an old Red Army who walked through the Long March. It is natural for the Central Committee to send him to be the headmaster of Yan 'an Artillery School.
In the process of leading everyone to form Yan 'an Artillery School, Guo Huaruo not only planned and operated, but also practiced, and often worked overtime with everyone, winning everyone's praise and respect. The establishment of artillery schools is progressing rapidly. It took only 1 month from accepting the task to announcing the establishment of Yan 'an Artillery School, and it took only 3 months to complete the enrollment, formation and lesson preparation.
On March 1945 and 15, Yan 'an Artillery School started classes in Taobaogu, Nanniwan. The opening ceremony of Yan 'an Artillery School was not held until August 1 because the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China was being held. At the ceremony, Zhu De, Ye Jianying, Xiao and other leaders attended and spoke.
President: Guo Huaruo; Political commissar: Qiu Chuangcheng; Vice President: Kuang Yumin; Li is the Minister of Education; Director of Political Department: Liu; Minister of Training: Zhang Zhifa; Minister of School Affairs: Zhu Guang. And full-time artillery technical teachers: Zheng Xinchao,, (Korean), Li Wei, and teaching assistant: Shao Qinglian (female). All the teachers also attended the opening ceremony.
1February, 945, Yan' an artillery school began to formally organize classes. A * * * and the comrades of the artillery regiment at headquarters organized the 10 artillery cadet team, an engineer division and a mortar teaching team. Zheng Xinchao, Shen Yi and other teachers mainly talk about shooting techniques, tactical application, artillery operation, reconnaissance and command, horse equestrian training and so on.
On March 1945 and 15, after Yan 'an Artillery School officially opened, He Long praised all aspects of the establishment of the artillery school after listening to the overall comprehensive report of Guo Huaruo and the artillery school teacher Zheng Xinchao. At the same time, it is inseparable from the collective strength of teachers such as Zheng Xinchao and Shen Yi.
1In mid-April, 945, Guo Huaruo attended the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and led the teachers and cadres of Yan 'an Artillery School to meet Chairman Mao in Yan 'an. When Mao Zedong met with him, he encouraged everyone to study hard the professional knowledge of artillery, and in the future, he would go to various units to take root and bear fruit like a seed. Due to overwork, Guo Huaruo fell ill before the Seventh National Congress was finished. Since then, Guo Huaruo had another appointment and never returned to Yan 'an Artillery School, which he founded.
Guo Huaruo always cared about the artillery school until1September 1979, when 75-year-old Guo Huaruo was in Beijing. The Academy of Military Sciences often talks with Zheng Xinchao about the preparation of Yan 'an Artillery School. He said with emotion: Looking back on the establishment of Yan 'an Artillery School is the happiest, happiest and most unforgettable time in my life. At the beginning of 1930, the Red Fourth Front Army was evacuated from western Fujian, and Guo Huaruo was transferred as the Chief of Staff of the Red Fourth Front Army, who was responsible for the general staff work and the drafting of operational documents beside Mao Zedong and Zhu De. From then on to September 193 1, he successively served as chief of staff of the Red Army 1 Corps Command, chief of staff of the Red Army General Command, acting chief of staff of the Red Army, secretary-general of the General Front Committee of the Chinese Red Army, and director of the Second Bureau of the Central Military Commission. He has been a staff officer under the direct leadership of Mao Zedong and Zhu De, and participated in the attack on Shanghang, Fujian. In this process, Guo Huaruo enriched and developed Mao Zedong's tactical thought.
193 1 In March, Guo Huaruo, then chief of staff of the Red Army General Command, drafted the second general order against "encirclement and suppression" and put forward ten principles of guerrilla warfare: "disturbing the enemy, blocking the enemy, intercepting the enemy, attacking the enemy, luring the enemy, poisoning the enemy, catching the enemy, exploring the enemy, starving the enemy and blinding the enemy", thus making the enemy Later, he further pointed out that the "sixteen-character formula" should be used flexibly. "This tactic itself is positive, not negative. If the attacking enemy is not dominant, and the situation is clear and the Red Army is ready, it is not necessary to retreat and fight first, and it can be changed to' the enemy advances and we fight'. The same is true of the enemy stationed in the station. If it is not an advantage, the situation is clear and the Red Army is ready. In addition, the enemy has no strong fortifications and strict vigilance, so it is natural to attack him, not just disturb him. " In addition, Guo Huaruo also participated in the creation of the first engineering team and radio team of the Red Army. It was1September, 930, when the Red Army left Changsha and returned to Jiangxi via Anyuan, Mao Zedong asked Guo Huaruo to take several powerful comrades to work in the miners. He found that many workers who signed up for the army would blast and get a lot of explosives. He reported this situation to Mao Zedong and Zhu De, and Mao Zedong and Zhu De immediately decided that Guo Huaruo was responsible for setting up an engineering team. So the First Corps of Engineers of the Red Army was born, and it was formed in the directly affiliated team, and Guo Huaruo was in charge. Subsequently, in the battle against Ji 'an, Jiangxi, this engineering team showed its edge and played an important role in erecting ladders and bombing enemy bunkers. At the end of the year, after the Battle of Longgang, the captured radio stations and prisoners were sent to Guo Huaruo's staff office. At first, these people were too scared to say their real names. Guo Huaruo talked with them one by one to publicize the Party's policies and hoped that they would stay and serve the Red Army. After doing the work, Wang Chen and others 10 people are willing to join the ranks of the Red Army. Later, in May of 193 1, Guo Huaruo set up a radio group with these personnel as the backbone, formulated a series of safeguard measures for them, and established a unique radio communication system of the Red Army. 193 1 year 1 1.7, when the first national congress of the Chinese Soviet opened in Ruijin announced the establishment of the Red China News Agency, the first issue of Reference News named by Guo Huaruo came out, with the original intention of providing "reference" for the leaders of the party, government and army, so as to know ourselves and know each other, and win every battle. Today, what can comfort Guo Huaruo is that Reference News named by him has become the leading newspaper in China. From September 193 1, Guo Huaruo began to be excluded and attacked by Wang Ming's route because he firmly supported Mao Zedong's correct military line. The Secretary-General of the General Front Committee of the Red Army was transferred to the Second Military Commission and left the Red Army. 1July, 932, he was even dismissed from all leadership positions by the leaders of the left-leaning line and transferred to Jiangxi Ruijin Red Army School as a teacher. When I first arrived at the Red School, I was announced to be expelled from the Party at the meeting. Later, he learned that he was detained on the trumped-up charge of "Trotskyist". However, He Changgong, the principal of Red School at that time, did not look at Guo Huaruo coldly, but regarded him as the backbone of teaching. After the establishment of the Red Army University of Chinese Workers and Peasants, Guo Huaruo was appointed as the chief instructor of the Red Army University. He taught air defense, staff business, artillery design and other courses successively, and was later responsible for the teaching of the senior command section of Hongdu University. He has also been repeatedly recommended by students as a model teacher. 1934 10 On the eve of the Long March of the Central Red Army, the Red Army University merged with three other Red Army schools to form the Red Army Cadre Corps, with Chen Geng as the head and Song Renqiong as the political commissar, responsible for protecting Dong, Xu Teli and other old comrades from going north with the troops. Because of Chen Geng's trust and appreciation, Guo Huare became the operational section chief of the cadre regiment headquarters. At the time of departure, Guo Huaruo suffered from an ulcer in his heel, which festered after a short walk and didn't get better until after the Zunyi meeting. However, as a commander in chief, whenever other comrades camped and rested, he was busy building a house, writing a camping report, looking for a guide, and surveying the marching route the next day. The workload is much higher than that of ordinary people. Some people say that "the Long March depends on two legs", but because of the long-term heel ulcer, Guo Huaruo said with deep feelings that "I can only rely on one heart"! 1935 10, the Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, and the Chinese Red Army School of Workers and Peasants was established at the same time, with Guo Huaruo as the training director. Guo Huaruo participated in collecting and compiling teaching materials, making education plans and reforming training methods under bad conditions, and achieved remarkable teaching results. Later, he served as the chief of staff of the Red Army faculty, the training director of the third section of the Anti-Japanese Red Army University, and the education director of the second school of the Anti-Japanese Red Army University, mainly engaged in the education and training of the troops. Guo Huaruo wrote to Mao Zedong many times to report his work and physical condition, and expressed his hope to study at Yan 'an Central Party School. On June 4th, 1937, Mao Zedong wrote back to Guo Huaruo in spite of his busy schedule: "We fully recognize and unanimously praise your loyalty and achievements in the struggle for the revolution in the long-term Soviet war. In your physical condition, in addition to agreeing to your next visit to Yan' an, I will buy medicine for you and I will be able to buy it for you soon. " In July of the same year, Guo Huaruo, who was greatly encouraged, wrote to Mao Zedong again and put forward "Several Opinions on Military Education in the Army", pointing out that attention should be paid to the compilation of military textbooks and the selection of military teachers. After reading it, Mao Zedong wrote back that he would "still ask you to be my military education consultant" in the future. Obviously, Guo Huaruo, a senior consultant, holds considerable weight in Mao Zedong's mind. 65438+In September of early February, under the personal arrangement of Mao Zedong, Guo Huaruo entered the fifth class of the Central Party School, with classmates including Huang Hua, Chen Shaomin, Luo Binghui and Lai Chuanzhu. Guo Huaruo is both a student and a teacher: together with Luo Binghui, he teaches guerrilla warfare. Guo Huaruo's study and teaching activities at the Central Party School left a deep impression on the alumni. Everyone agrees that "Chairman Mao's senior staff is really not simple". 1938, 12 In July, under Mao Zedong's personal questioning, Guo Huare resumed his party membership, and the heavy historical burden of seven years was finally unloaded, which made him more motivated for the revolution. The First Military Commission Bureau is the Operations Bureau of the General Staff of the Military Commission, which consists of four departments: operations, intelligence, confidentiality and management. Guo Huaruo was entrusted with an important task, which showed Mao Zedong's esteem for him. Guo Huaruo not only accurately grasped the situation of various strategic locations in the country, but also drafted various battle cables. At the request of Mao Zedong, he founded and was responsible for editing the Eighth Route Army Military and Political Magazine, which was the first organ publication of the Eighth Route Army Office. In addition, he kept the telegram drafted by Mao Zedong confidential. /kloc-in the summer of 0/938, Tao's Outline of Guerrilla Tactics was published by Chongqing Reading Life Publishing House in the Kuomintang-controlled area, with four short articles attached to it: Lin Biao's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Experience, Liu Bocheng's Application of My Tactics in the Enemy's Rear, Xiao Ke's On Guerrilla War and Guo Huaruo's Basic Tactics of Guerrilla War. From then on, if Guo Hua began to attract the attention of the Kuomintang military departments. From June 65438 +0939 10 to February 65438 +0940, the Central Military Commission set up the first staff training team in Yan 'an Anti-Japanese Military and Political Secondary School, with more than 30 students 130. In order to show his attention, Mao Zedong sent Guo Huaruo to teach the course Strategy, and said to the person in charge of the training course who wanted him to teach the course Strategy, "Don't worry, Guo Huaruo teaches as much as I do. After the outbreak of the All-round Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang army lost its strength, but it just turned a deaf ear to China's suggestion that it should fight for a long time and fight guerrilla warfare against weak enemies. In Mao Zedong's words, they understood and listened to the ancient art of war for Kuomintang officers; They don't listen to Marxism-Leninism and materialist dialectics. From the end of 1937, according to Mao Zedong's instructions, if Guo Hua began to study and publicize the ancient art of war, the main purpose was to publicize Kuomintang officers and help them understand the necessity of combining mobile warfare with positional warfare. Guo Huaruo published articles such as "Battle of Red Cliffs and its Enlightenment to National War" and "A Preliminary Study on the Battle of Qiyan Jimo" in the Eighth Route Army Military and Political Magazine, pointing out the truth that "unity is survival, division is death" and clarifying the importance of the anti-Japanese national United front. 1From August to September, 939, Mao Zedong gave specific instructions to Guo Huaruo to study and publicize Sun Tzu's Art of War: "We should carry forward the historical heritage of the Chinese nation, seriously consider the beautiful and excellent strategic ideas in Sun Tzu's Art of War, critically accept its laws guiding war, and enrich it with new contents." At the end of the same year, Guo Huare wrote about 40,000 words of A Preliminary Study of Sun Tzu's Art of War, which was fully affirmed by Mao Zedong, and invited him to make a special speech at the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Research Association, and then the full text was published in the Eighth Route Army Military and Political Magazine. Guo Huaruo's military papers have a great influence. On one occasion, Zhou Enlai returned to Yan 'an from Chongqing and said to Guo Huaruo at his residence in Mao Zedong: "A Kuomintang officer asked me who wrote the article" Grandson "? Is Guo Moruo a brother? I replied: He is a senior officer of Comrade Mao Zedong and a production party. He is not related to Mr. Guo Moruo by blood, but his position in China's military theory circle should be equivalent to Mr. Guo Moruo's position in revolutionary literature. " Since then, Guo Huaruo's name has been closely linked with The Art of War. His research on Sun Tzu's Art of War has never stopped, and new works have been published. At the beginning of the war of liberation, he used the gap between battles to translate Sun Tzu's Art of War in vernacular Chinese. 1July, 957, Sun Tzu's newly compiled The Art of War was grandly published. Mao Zedong was delighted to say, "There were grandsons in ancient times, but now there are Guo Zi." 1In September, 984, Guo Huaruo published another masterpiece, Note to Sun Tzu. 1In April, 1992, when the first phase of the project of Sunzi's hometown in the cultural area of Huimin County, Shandong Province was completed and opened to the outside world, Guo Huaruo, who was full of Sunzi complex, happily wrote an inscription on the front of the pedestal of Sunzi statue in the center of Sunzi Cultural Square on the north bank of Le 'an Lake: "Sun Wu, soldier saint". In addition, Guo Huaruo also studied Zhuge Liang's military thoughts during the Three Kingdoms period, and wrote A Spot of the Art of War by Kong Ming. 1938 In late May, Mao Zedong began to give a speech on protracted war in Yan 'an Marxism-Leninism College. The total audience is less than 50 people, including Guo Huaruo. Mao Zedong * * * spoke five or six times, using "military dialectics" to analyze the reasons why Japan will lose and China will win. After that, if Guo Hua began to think deeply about how to explain Mao Zedong's thought of "military dialectics" in his speech. 1940 In August, at the first annual meeting of the New Philosophy Society in Yan 'an, Guo Huaruo gave a report entitled "Military Dialectics", focusing on his in-depth thinking on Mao Zedong's "On Protracted War" and other military works. 194 1 In the spring of, the Eighth Route Army Military and Political Magazine was published in the first, third and fourth issues of the third volume with the title of "Military Dialectics". Mao Zedong was overjoyed and pointed out: "There is much to be done in explaining military issues with materialist dialectics." 194965438+In February, Shanghai Xinqun Publishing House edited and published Military Dialectics. This paper is the earliest theoretical monograph on military dialectics since Mao Zedong put forward the concept of "military dialectics". Therefore, Guo Huaruo is known as "the first person in the whole army to study Mao Zedong's military dialectics". 194 1 autumn, Guo Huaruo was ordered to leave No.1 Military Commission and return to his post of military education. He worked as a teacher in a military academy until the end of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. He used to be the president of the third branch of Kangda University, a member of Yan 'an Military Education Committee and the director of military school education, and trained a large number of military cadres for the China People's Liberation Army. Throughout the Anti-Japanese War, Guo Huaruo wrote a lot with a pen as a gun. In addition to the above, there are a large number of military works, such as Why Japan's theory of quick victory failed, Mobile Warfare under the Condition of Poor Technology and Human Advantage, and military education papers such as Teaching Method and Teaching Method of Military Education of Artillery Division, as well as many military teaching materials such as Answers to Anti-Japanese Infantry Tactics. Many researchers believe that "as Mao Zedong's senior military adviser, Guo Huaruo's works and articles are almost all about Mao Zedong's military thoughts or combat readiness, or battles or tactics". 1On June 6th, 946, Guo Huaruo left Yan 'an, where he had lived and fought for nearly 10. At this time, a large-scale civil war planned by the Kuomintang was on the verge. At the beginning of July, he traveled thousands of miles to Linyi, the capital of Shandong Liberated Area. Deputy Commander of Lunan Military Region (Commander Zhang Guangzhong, Political commissar Fu) and Minister of People's Armed Forces, in charge of operations, logistics, militia and other work. Southern Shandong is the frontier of Shandong province, bearing the brunt of the Kuomintang's civil war against * * *, and its strategic position is decisive. When Fu, the former famous soldier of the New Fourth Army, greeted Guo Huaruo with joy, he said half-jokingly and half-seriously, "You have been by Chairman Mao's side during the eight-year war of resistance. Now, the chairman has sent you, a senior consultant, to Lunan, which shows the chairman's concern for Lunan. This is the glory of our soldiers and civilians in southern Shandong. After Guo Huaruo took office, according to his experience in leading the militia, he proposed that making meritorious service in the militia played an important role in encouraging the morale of the militia, which was called "a pioneering work in the people's self-defense war" by Mao Zedong. 1In August, 947, Guo Huaruo rushed to the 6th deputy commander of the East China Field Army. After the sixth column, Guo Huare helped Wang Bicheng fight the first battle, which was the battle of Shaji. With the joint efforts of brothers, the 57th Division was completely annihilated, and Lieutenant General Duan Linmao was captured. After the victory of the campaign, Wang Bicheng proudly said, "Comrade Hua Ruo, you are the chairman's senior staff. If you are wronged, please give me your staff! " Therefore, Guo Huaruo made rude remarks and pointed out some shortcomings of the troops above the regiment level: poor communication, failure to reach the scheduled place according to the scheduled time, and influence on coordinated operations; Tactically and technically, when encountering obstacles such as Abatis, they will only be cleared by hand, which will not only delay time, but also increase casualties; Tactically, he is not good at organizing fire cover assault, the attack formation is too dense, increasing unnecessary casualties and so on. Wang Bicheng and others were shocked to hear this. What Guo Huaruo said really hit home. After the meeting, everyone privately gave Guo Huaruo a thumbs-up and thought that Deputy Commander Guo really deserved his reputation. In mid-March,1948,6 Company, led by Su Yu, arrived at the north bank of the Yellow River and entered the relatively stable Puyang area for rest. Guo Huaruo devoted a lot of efforts to the consolidation movement of the Sixth Longitudinal Army. He pointedly pointed out that there are two major problems in Hua Ye, one is that the troops are proud of their achievements, and the other is that selfish departmentalism is more serious. In view of these situations, Guo Huaruo and other leaders of the column decided to carry out general and in-depth education in the army, point out the harmfulness of these unhealthy trends in the army at present, and carry out extensive criticism and self-criticism campaigns. In August, Wang Bicheng and Guo Huaruo took part in the Eastern Henan Campaign, which was a large-scale campaign for the People's Liberation Army to seize the Central Plains. Kaifeng, an important town in the Central Plains, was conquered, and 1 Corps headquarters, 2 reorganization divisions and 4 regular brigades were completely annihilated. The victory of this campaign has changed the strategic situation of the battlefield in the Central Plains, and the enemy has completely lost the ability to carry out campaign attacks on the PLA. In the whole campaign of eastern Henan, the Sixth Battalion experienced more than 20 battles, with great achievements, but also many lessons. Guo Huaruo made a summary report entitled "Several Problems of Tactical Improvement in the Future from the Six Vertical Wars in Eastern Henan", which summarized the experience of large-scale plain villages in detail, and tightly buckled the "Military Ten Articles" just published by Mao Zedong in content, making this summary to a great extent the explanation and annotation of Mao Zedong's "Military Ten Articles". Wang Bicheng said happily: "With Guo Huaruo here, we can really succeed in Liuzong!"
In August, Guo Huare was transferred to Hua Ye as four political commissar and party secretary. Shortly after Guo Huaruo took office, the famous Huaihai Campaign began. Guo Huaruo led the fourth vertical encirclement and suppression of the Yellow Corps, cooperated with his brothers, and won the first stage of the Huaihai Campaign. 165438+1On October 23rd, the Huaihai Campaign entered the second stage. During the campaign, Guo Huaruo commanded the 6th, 1 and 12 columns to form the East Road Blocking Group, cooperated with the surrounding troops to resolutely block the enemy who aided Xuzhou to the south, and cooperated with the brothers to encircle Du Group, which achieved remarkable results. 1949 65438+ 10, the People's Liberation Army launched a general attack on Du Group and captured Du himself. When the senior of Huangpu Phase I was escorted to his younger brother Guo Huaruo of Huangpu Phase IV, he began to put on an arrogant attitude and refused to give up. Du Cai bowed his head in embarrassment after hearing that this man was Guo Huaruo, a senior military adviser of Mao Zedong and the author of the article "Grandson". 1in the spring of 958, the whole army officially began to compile the war history, and Guo Huaruo was responsible for the compilation of the war history of the Nanjing Military Region. He never tires of this job, in his words, "from Nanjing to Beijing": no matter the leader of Nanjing Military Region or the director and vice president of education of Academy of Military Sciences, he thinks that the study of war history is the cornerstone of military art research. Therefore, despite ten years of turmoil, he still devoted his second half of his life to writing the war history of China People's Liberation Army. At the beginning of 1982, after Guo Huaruo retired from the leadership position, he was still obsessed with military scientific research and wrote a lot of articles on military history.
After entering the new era, veteran Guo Huaruo, while serving as honorary president of China Art of War Research Association, took the lead in compiling books such as War History of the People's Liberation Army of China, War History of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression of the New Fourth Army and Dictionary of Military History of the People's Liberation Army of China, which initiated the study of chinese military history. At the same time, he edited and published New Educational Teaching Method, Selected Military Papers of Guo Huaruo, Collection of Guo Huaruo's Calligraphy, Selected Poems of Guo Huaruo and Memoirs of Guo Huaruo. 1995165438+1At 4 o'clock on the morning of October 26th, Guo Huaruo, a generation of red Confucian generals and senior military adviser of Mao Zedong, completed his glorious life for the revolutionary cause at the age of 9 1 year.