Brilliant achievements in film and television creation with major themes (Cultural Roundtable)
Li Zhun's "People's Daily" (Page 16, March 17, 2009) Based on the achievements since the founding of the Communist Party of China The creation of film and television dramas with major revolutionary historical themes, with revolutionary leaders and major historical events as the main objects of expression, appeared in the early days of reform and opening up. Its birth itself is a sign and achievement of the progress of the times and the emancipation of the mind. Because of their unique spiritual and cultural connotations, film and television dramas with major themes have shown strong ideological and artistic charm once they were born, and have become a new growth point and an exceptionally beautiful landscape for my country's film and television creation and even the entire literary and artistic creation in the new era. If we say that from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s, the screening of major-themed films represented by "The Founding Ceremony", "The Great Battle", "Zhou Enlai", "The Great Turning" and "The Great March" became the first of the new Chinese films. If it is an important symbol of the three climaxes, then from the end of the 20th century to this century, the popularity of TV series with major themes such as "The Long March", "Sunrise in the East", "Ode to Yan'an", "Eighth Route Army", and "Zhou Enlai in Chongqing" will be It marks the arrival of a new climax in the development of my country's TV dramas.
Because the subject matter is particularly important and has strong relevance to reality, the creation of films and TV shows with major themes has received special attention and guidance from the central government from the beginning. In February 1985, a meeting of the Secretariat of the Central Committee proposed four principles that should be followed in the creation of film and television dramas with major themes. In March 1987, the Secretariat of the Central Committee approved the establishment of a leading group for film and television candidates with major revolutionary historical themes, which will be responsible for the specific review of scripts and completed films of major revolutionary historical themes. Since then, the central competent authorities have continued to issue new instructions and put forward new requirements for the creation of film and television dramas with major themes. This is the fundamental guarantee for the vigorous development of film and television creations with major themes. In particular, with the direct care and support of the central authorities, a number of key works were launched in conjunction with major festivals and anniversaries. Most of them have had a strong response in society. They have not only played an indispensable role in carrying forward the glorious tradition and playing the main theme of the spirit of the times. It plays a huge role in replacing and promotes the development and prosperity of the entire literary and artistic creation.
The creation of film and television dramas with major themes and reform and opening up have gone through 30 years together, with brilliant achievements and valuable experience. As for the creation itself, I think its successful experience has at least the following points: First, it dialectically handles the relationship between historical reality and artistic fiction in accordance with the principle of "doing nothing in big things and not in small things". The description of major historical events and the basic positioning of important historical figures must be loyal to historical facts and historical spirit; at the same time, the setting of main characters and plots, and the description of details must spread the wings of imagination in accordance with the requirements of artistic laws. Only by solving this problem can the work have real historical aesthetic character. Second, we insist on writing about people as the center. Of course, film and television works with major themes must describe historical processes, but they do not assume the task of general history textbooks and cannot allow characters to be submerged in the narrative of specific historical processes. People must lead history, set dramatic conflicts around the need to shape characters, and bring out the historical process. This is the only way to success. Third, shaping the image of a revolutionary leader is the highest ideological and artistic goal. The shaping of the leader's image is the biggest highlight of major-themed film and television dramas, and is also the main symbol of their ideological and artistic level. The most important reason why works such as "The Long March", "Sunrise in the East", "Ode to Yan'an", "Zhou Enlai" and "The Death of Qiubai" have become iconic works that have long stayed in people's hearts is that they were popular among Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, The image creation of leaders such as Chen Duxiu and Qu Qiubai, especially the revelation of cultural personality, has reached new ideological and artistic heights. Fourth, the creation of large-scale key works must achieve an optimized combination of creative and production capabilities. Otherwise, it will cause a waste of subject matter resources. These experiences that have been repeatedly proven by practice should be given sufficient attention.
Today, in the face of new opportunities and new challenges, including the temptation of various ideological trends and the requirements of ratings, the creation of film and television dramas with major themes should face up to and solve the following problems in the further development: 1. It is to further improve the understanding of the significance of film and television dramas with major themes, to more consciously transcend the practice of making films into a running account and record book, to strengthen the awareness of quality products, and to improve the ideological and artistic quality and appeal of the works in accordance with the requirements of artistic laws. The second is to adhere to the correct view of history, values ??and aesthetics, broaden the creative horizons and thinking space, and better absorb the fresh results of historical research and artistic creation, improve the ability to discover history and artistic innovation, and in particular, be committed to A new leap has been achieved in shaping the image of leaders and illuminating the spirit of the times. Third, in terms of narrative methods, we must further realize the organic integration of grand narratives, family narratives and personal life experience narratives, and further expand space in creative models, including suspense drama, lyric poetry, musical drama, youth idol drama, and comedy. Styles should continue to be explored to promote more and more diverse styles and styles. Fourth, the entire creative team must make new improvements in cultural and artistic accomplishments. We sincerely look forward to further development of film and television productions on major revolutionary historical themes.
I have compiled the real questions and reference answers for the Nortel Directing Examination for reference
1. Fill in the blanks (one point for each blank, totaling 35 points. Please enter the answer Write it on the test paper.)
1. The author of "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" is Bai Juyi; the author of "The Peony Pavilion" is Tang Xianzu; the author of "Water Margin" is Shi Naian; the author of "Journey to the West" is Wu Chengen; the author of "Li Sao" is Qu Yuan.
2. The tragic work "Hamlet" is the work of the famous British playwright Shakespeare; Aristophanes, the representative writer of early comedy in ancient Greece, is known as the "Father of Comedy"; Balzac was a 19th-century French critical realist writer; Hemingway was a famous American writer in the 20th century; Hugo, the author of "The Hunchback of Notre Dame", was a famous French writer in the 19th century.
3. The seven categories of art are: music, dance, drama, folk art, art, photography, and calligraphy.
4. The art work "The Gleaners" is the work of the famous French painter Millet in the 19th century; "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" is the work of the ancient Chinese Northern Song Dynasty painter Zhang Zeduan; the Qin Shi Huang and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses unearthed near Xi'an, my country It is called the "Eighth Wonder of the World"; the author of the drama "Teahouse" is the famous dramatist Lao She; the author of the sculpture "Gates of Hell" is Rodin.
5． Film was born in 1895 by the Lumiere brothers in Paris, France; sound films appeared in 1927; color films were born in 1935.
6. my country’s national anthem, also known as “March of the Volunteers,” was written by Tian Han and composed by Nie Er.
7. The three major functions of art are to reproduce life, to explain life, and to judge life.
8. The director of the Chinese film "Red Detachment of Women" is Xie Jin; the director of the film "Hero" is Zhang Yimou; the director of the Japanese film "Rashomon" is Akira Kurosawa.
2. Multiple choice questions
1. The first film of New China is (C)
A. "Children of China" B. "Iron Warrior" C , "Bridge" D. "Eight Women Casting themselves into the River"
2. The author of the ancient Chinese work "Tao Te Ching" is (A)
A. Laozi B. Zhuangzi C. Confucius D. , Mozi
3. The author of "Poetics" is (A)
A. Aristotle B. Tchaikovsky C. Lessing D. Shakespeare
4. "March of the Volunteers" came from a film in my country in the 1930s (C)
A. "The Road" B. "Fishing Lights" C. "The Daughter of the Storm" D. "Peach Blossom Tribulation"
5. The high-power state organ of the People's Republic of China is (B)
A. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China B. National People's Congress
C. State Council of the People's Republic of China C. Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
6. The turning point of World War II was (D)
p>A. Battle of Normandy B. Battle of Dunkirk C. Pearl Harbor Incident D. Stalingrad
7. In the history of world cinema, the film "New Wave" movement in the late 1950s The origin is (B)
A. Italy B. France C. United States D. Germany
8. The author of "Historical Records" is (A)
A , Sima Qian B, Sima Guang C, Laozi D, Confucius
9 The author of "Life and Aesthetics" is (C)
A. Mazan B, Cézanne C, Che Er Nishesky D. Einham
10. The director of the film "Lin's Shop" is a famous film director (A)
A. Shuihua B. Tang Xiaodan C. Cui Wei D. Zheng Junli
3. Explanation of terms
Artistic skills: Writers and artists refine materials, suggest the meaning of themes, arrange the structure of works, and use language, lines, colors, volumes, sounds, etc. The means and ability of materials to shape images and carry out artistic communication are important factors for the effective expression of the content of artistic works and the creation of the artistry of the works.
The particularity of film time and space: Film is a time art and a space art. As a space-time art, film is different from pure time art, pure space art, and also different from other space-time comprehensive arts. The key lies in its special space-time comprehensiveness, that is, it is a special three-dimensional one-dimensional time and two-dimensional space. Art.
Details: The smallest unit in literary and artistic works that depicts characters, events, social environment and natural scenery.
Cartoons: paintings that directly reveal the essence and characteristics of things in a concise way. They are not limited by time, space and other conditions. They are accustomed to using metaphors, exaggeration, symbolism and other techniques and forms, and have strong satire. It has the functions of singing, singing, expressing emotions, and entertaining, and is good at expressing views on world affairs and human feelings, and is especially good at satire and humor.
Classical music: generally refers to music that has exemplary or representative significance in the past tense (excluding folk music).
4. Short answer questions
1. Briefly describe the relationship between art and life
Answer: Art comes from life and is higher than life. They are interdependent and mutually reinforcing. Art refers to people's experience, perception, refinement, and processing of natural phenomena in all activities in nature, and to express it in the form of art. Life refers to all human activities in nature.
(1) Life is full of art. In life, art is everywhere. We can perceive beauty from life and realize that art is everywhere.
(2) Life is not all art. Real life is not all art. The formation of art requires choices and trade-offs, rather than purely copying nature.
(3) Art comes from life. Life and nature are reflected everywhere in art. Art comes from life, and life comes from nature. Life is in various shapes and forms, and nature is endlessly changing. Therefore, art is also rich and colorful.
(4) Art is higher than life. Art comes from life, but is higher than life. Art is the refining, processing and re-creation of life.
2. What major problems do you think currently exist in the creation of Chinese theme films and how to solve them?
Answer: Main problems:
(1) There are many problems in the selection of materials such as rigidity, symbolization, stereotypes, serious personal tendencies, and separation from the audience's appreciation perspective. (There is a problem of not being able to comprehensively and accurately understand "carrying forward the main theme" and "promoting diversity". The main theme is understood very narrowly, and the main theme is transformed into a theme. It is believed that only major revolutionary historical themes, heroes and models, and national key project themes are The main melody also opposes the main melody to diversity, and separates the main melody from the mass and popular nature of the work. It is believed that the main melody works do not need market testing, resulting in some works that are not watchable at all)
(2) The blockage of distribution channels makes it impossible to complete industrial operations. Without sufficient returns, it is difficult to invest more capital to support creation.
(3) Lack of quality awareness and lack of competitiveness in creative direction. Breakthroughs are difficult and innovations are rare.
(4) The awards mechanism is poor. There are no awards with international influence, and there is no authority based on the audience and in line with the audience's psychology.
3. What is the relationship between the characters and the plot in the film?
Answer: (1) The development of the plot is due to the actions of the characters. Plot is a description of the actions people take towards things; in the event, due to the differences in characters' personalities (thoughts, feelings...) or the same part, some people are related to each other during the actions. Some people conflict with each other, which causes events to continue to evolve (that is, the plot continues to develop). It can be seen from this that the development of the plot is due to the actions of people, and the actions of people are based on their characters. Therefore, the development of the plot is subject to the development of the characters' personalities, and it cannot be separated from the characters. The character comes out of thin air.
(2) The image of the characters is portrayed through the plot. Because, to see what kind of person a person is and what kind of character (thoughts, feelings...) he has, we can only judge what kind of attitude he holds and what kind of behavior he adopts when dealing with things and people. Only through action can you see it. Describing the attitudes and actions of these characters towards things and people is the task of the plot. If the plot does not fulfill this task, it is obvious that there will be no outstanding and distinctive characters.
From this point of view, the portrayal of characters and the description of plot development are actually the same thing. They work and complement each other, and no one can do without the other. If the plot is developed out of thin air without being based on the characters' personalities, it will definitely not be "reasonable"; if the development of the plot is unreasonable (because it is developed out of thin air without being separated from the characters' personalities), there will be no outstanding and profound image. .
4. What are the three characteristics of realistic literary and artistic works?
(1) Observe and experience life, and strive to make artistic descriptions conform to the appearance and logic of real life in appearance and details;
(2) Pay attention to typical methods Application, striving to truly express the essence and laws of life through details in artistic description;
(3) Generally do not express emotions directly in works, and the ideological tendency is relatively hidden.
5. What are your views and thoughts on the current situation of Chinese TV dramas?
Answer: (1) China’s TV drama consumption is huge, its development space is vast, and its production capacity is huge. It has the support of a large screening and broadcasting network covering a large area. Similarly, there is also a chaotic market situation and lack of regulations; the quality of the production team is uneven, and there is a mixture of good and bad; there are few famous products, lack of publicity and insufficient returns; there is waste in distribution network, production facilities and equipment.
(2) The market lacks effective policies and regulations, supervision and management teams and methods; it lacks an effective access mechanism and talent rating system; it lacks industrial production and distribution awareness, professional knowledge, and quality awareness ; Short-sighted behavior among investors and production teams is common; historical problems such as repeated investments are serious.
(3) Make full use of the huge consumption space in the Chinese TV drama market; standardize the management of the TV drama market and establish effective management mechanisms, policies and regulations; establish a sound and complete talent selection mechanism to improve the production quality of TV dramas, Produce more high-quality and famous products; improve publicity and distribution channels so that they can obtain better returns, thereby driving regional development; make full use of resources, eliminate repetitive investments, eliminate short-sighted behavior of investors and production teams, and save resources; participate in more competition , seeking development in competition.
There are no standard answers to the subjective questions in the brief description questions. Candidates are encouraged to express their own opinions and be brave in innovation. The answers provided in this post are for reference only.
Solutions:
(1) It is necessary to further strengthen learning and emancipate the mind.
(2) It is necessary to further intensify reform efforts and rationalize the industrial development mechanism. (We must effectively complete the transformation from business to industry, follow the laws of the film industry, carefully study market demand, vigorously carry out marketing, strive to expand market share, standardize the order of the film market, learn from the successful experience of private institutions in publicity and distribution, and make outstanding films Domestic films win the market and occupy the market.)
(3) It is necessary to further establish a sense of quality and boldly innovate. (It is necessary to break through the inherent creative mode, carefully refine the plot and characters, enhance the attractiveness and appeal of the work, and strive to combine ideological, artistic and ornamental qualities.)
(4) Film awards need to be further improved, Establish an incentive mechanism. (It is necessary to further improve the existing film award systems, improve the award methods, and use the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of the masses and whether the masses like it as the criteria for testing works, so as to better allow the people to participate in the judging.)
(The above are the main problems existing in the creation of Chinese theme films, and the solutions should be proposed accordingly, and try to use personal innovation as much as possible.)