What fonts are there besides hieroglyphics?

Pictographs, sacred characters, cuneiform characters, letters ... Pictographs come from pictographs, but pictographs are weakened and symbolic characters are enhanced. Is the most primitive word formation. It has great limitations, because some physical abstract things can't be drawn. Therefore, on the basis of pictographic characters, Chinese characters have developed into ideographic characters, and other word-making methods have been added, such as cognition, referring to things, pictophonetic characters, annotation and borrowing. However, these new word-making methods still need to be based on the original hieroglyphics, based on hieroglyphics, by splicing, omitting or adding or deleting symbols. At present, the most widely known hieroglyph in the world is the hieroglyph of ancient Egypt-the holy book. About 5000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians invented a graphic writing called hieroglyphics. This kind of writing is slow and difficult to understand, so about 3400 years ago, the Egyptians evolved a faster and easier font. In addition, Dongba script and Shuishu script adopted by Naxi people in southwest China are the only hieroglyphic systems still in use. As time went on, even the Egyptians themselves finally forgot how to explain the early hieroglyphics. If it weren't for the discovery of French ancient philologists when Napoleon invaded Egypt, it is very likely that archaeologists can't recognize this kind of writing so far. The holy book is about 5000 years ago. The ancient Egyptians created a hieroglyph-the holy book. Comparatively speaking, the sacred books are far less mature than those in Wen Tao, the ancient cultural sites such as Anbanpo in Xi 'an, Jiangzhai in Lintong and Yangjiawan in Yichang about 6,000 years ago. But its special significance lies in that Sumerians (races) originally distributed in the Ili Valley of China were forced to move westward to the Mediterranean coast because of the Dayue family (an ancient family in China). In the 5th century BC, one of them used this hieroglyph to create the first letter in history, with 22 * * *, only consonants and no vowels. This is the famous Phoenician letter. Phoenician letters were introduced into Greece earlier, and evolved into Greek letters, giving birth to Latin letters and Slavic letters, which became the same origin of various letters in Europe. Phoenician alphabet evolved into Aramaic alphabet in West Asia, which became the basis of many Asian scripts, such as Arabic, Inca and Jewish alphabet. After the 4th century AD, Arabic characters were widely circulated in Asia. Editing this cuneiform human beings had hieroglyphs about 6000 years ago, and later Babylonians and Sumerians invented cuneiform. Both of these characters and symbols are displayed on pottery or other artifacts of Banpo culture (a branch of Yangshao culture). Phoenician script appeared in the Mediterranean about 4000 years ago. An ancient script created by Phoenicians, after a long period of development and evolution, formed 22 letters, which laid the foundation for the later European alphabet. Now all alphabets, such as Arabic, Greek, Latin, Hebrew and English, can be said to have developed directly or indirectly from Phoenician characters. Cuneiform characters later spread to western Asia, and were adopted by all ethnic groups in ancient West Asia, making great contributions to the development of human civilization. Developed to about 5000 ~ 4000 BC, with Egyptian characters, their hieroglyphs also came from natural forms. Like Chinese characters, they are symbols used to represent objects, ideas and sounds (their writing can express pronunciation methods). This symbol was later regarded as the origin of sound symbols. Egyptian hieroglyphics are more vivid than ancient hieroglyphics in China. Around 1500 ~ 1000 BC, the Phoenicians with Homo erectus on the east coast of the Mediterranean traded with the Egyptians, so learned monks turned simple hieroglyphs into orderly letters, which was of great help to commercial transactions. Dawenkou culture Dawenkou culture is one of the important remains in the late Neolithic period. It was named after it was first discovered at Dawenkou site in taian county. Its distribution range is connected to Bohai Sea in the north, Jiangsu and Anhui in the south and Henan in the west. Shandong Longshan culture, which began in 4300 BC and developed to around 2500 BC. Dawenkou culture pottery has obvious characteristics, and adolescent tooth extraction custom prevails among residents, which is the birthplace of ancient ancestors' tooth extraction custom in the southeast coast of China. The social and economic development of Dawenkou culture has reached a higher level. Many carved symbols found are considered as ancient hieroglyphics. At that time, the polarization between the rich and the poor was serious, private ownership gradually formed, and the whole society was close to the threshold of class society. Judging from the patterns and characters on animal bones, pottery and stone tools unearthed later, hieroglyphics with half an image and half a word appeared in China 10,000 years ago. According to the research of linguists, a large number of "Oracle Bone Inscriptions" unearthed in China in modern times were widely and maturely used in the Shang Dynasty (from 1800 BC to 1200 BC), which obviously evolved over tens of thousands of years. During this period, pottery production, bedroom architecture, mural art, metal use and silk production in China. Various advanced cultures have been invented and used one after another. Editing this paragraph found that in 1799, when the French army invading Egypt was building fortifications, these French ancient philologists unearthed a black stone tablet with words on it. The inscription was written in three languages, namely Greek, ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics and later Egyptian characters. French archaeologist gene paul champollion studied these characters and tried to explain the hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt. Champollion's method of interpreting ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics is: comparing the words on stone tablets, first trying to pick out the hieroglyphics of Ptolemy, the last Pharaoh of Egypt, and then trying to identify the meanings of other hieroglyphics. Champollion published his findings in 1822. Rosetta stone recorded the same content in three languages, so it became the key to interpret ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics. Napoléon Bonaparte, a famous French soldier, fought a great battle in Egypt. In order to study Egyptian culture, historians sent by Napoleon excavated many ancient sites. It is worth mentioning that China's original characters belong to hieroglyphics. Although Chinese characters still retain the characteristics of pictographs, there are other ways to create characters besides pictographs. After thousands of years of evolution, Chinese characters have been far away from the original image, so they are not hieroglyphics, but ideograms. However, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and inscriptions on bronze are also hieroglyphics. In addition, the "head font" and "geometry" of Mayan characters are also. This kind of writing is often engraved on temple walls, religious monuments and paper grass. The main users are monks and scribes. Egyptian hieroglyphics had an important influence on the later alphabet. Edit existing hieroglyphics Dongba hieroglyphics Dongba hieroglyphics Dongba hieroglyphics Dongba hieroglyphics are the characters of Naxi nationality in Lijiang area, belonging to hieroglyphics, including hieroglyphics, meanings, symbols, sounds and other fonts. The total number of characters is about 1600. The ideographic method of Dongba, a pictograph in Badong, Lijiang, mainly uses one word or several words to express a sentence, from left to right and from top to bottom. This kind of writing was produced about 1 1 century ago. This is a very primitive hieroglyph. Judging from the development of writing form, it is even more primitive than Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and belongs to the early form of writing origin. The earliest symbol images were painted on wood and stone. It was not until the invention of paper that these symbol images were written on paper and became Dongba classics. Dongba is called Dongba because it has mastered this kind of writing. With the development of Naxi society and the mutual influence of national culture, some Dongba in Lijiang created Gebawen in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Geba means disciple, Gebawen is a character created by Dongbashro descendants, and Gebawen is the transformation and development of Dongba. Naxi people created two ancient Chinese characters, which are still in use today. They are not only precious historical materials to solve the mystery of human writing, but also one of the ideal fonts to enrich and develop China's traditional calligraphy and seal cutting. Dongba characters are known as the only complete "living hieroglyphics" in the world. It is one of the oldest hieroglyphs in the world and a "living fossil" of the origin and development of human social characters. Shuishu Shuizu ancient script and Naxi Dongba language are the only remaining hieroglyphs in the world. Shuishu is a kind of writing symbol system similar to Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronze inscriptions, and it is an ancient book that records the ancient culture of the Shui nationality, such as astronomy, geography, religion and law, and can be described as an "encyclopedia" of the Shui nationality. It has been handed down mainly by handwriting and oral transmission, and is known as the "living fossil" of hieroglyphics. According to experts' research, there are about 800 ancient water script characters found in Shui Shu, and there are 2500 ancient water script characters with variant characters. The structure of ancient Shuishu characters can be roughly divided into the following three types: first, hieroglyphics, some of which are similar to Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen; The second is imitation of Chinese characters, that is, reverse writing, reverse writing or changing the writing method of Chinese characters, and the third is religious characters, that is, various password symbols representing the primitive religion of the Shui people. The writing form is vertical from right to left, without punctuation. At present, the carriers of ancient Shui characters mainly include oral writing, hand-made paper, embroidery, stone inscription, woodcut, ceramic forging and so on. Because of its pictographic structure, Shui Shu is mainly written and described by natural things such as flowers, birds, insects and fish, as well as some totems such as dragons. It still retains the information of ancient civilization and is still widely used in Shui nationality areas. Naxi hieroglyph Naxi hieroglyph is a kind of picture hieroglyph, with *** 1300 characters, which has a history of more than 1000 years. It is a well-preserved hieroglyph in the world and is known as the "living fossil of words". Xiong, a contemporary master of pictographic calligraphy and painting in China, is known as the Year of the Crane. Bear; There is also the department's "boiled ink painting student". I studied Chinese painting and calligraphy with my parents since childhood. After studying under Jin Zhenzhi and Chen Chunyuan, he studied calligraphy and painting seal cutting and ancient Chinese characters, and under Qi Gong and Li Luogong. He used to be the president and editor-in-chief of China Merchants Times. China reporter is a senior consultant and visiting professor of Correspondence University, a member of China Advertising Association, and the first member of Hebei Calligraphers Association and Artists Association. Calligraphy and painting works have participated in many provincial and national exhibitions. The seal script works went to Japan for exhibition; The Chinese painting The Lion was collected by the United Nations Organization of Posts and Telecommunications. Engaged in art calligraphy for more than 50 years, it has experienced two stages: full inheritance and "a little breakthrough". Seeking "God" with "Form" in the early stage (see copying Xu Beihong's "Running Horse" and Liu Gongquan's "Mysterious Tower"). In the later period, starting with exegetics and "rock painting", following the theory of "painting and calligraphy are of the same origin", the new way of creating painting and calligraphy with hieroglyphics was deeply discussed. In order to find out the origin of Chinese characters, the initial process of ancient ancestors creating Chinese characters and the process from painting to writing, I copied the basic book of ancient Chinese characters, Shuo Wen Jie Zi, word by word, and revised a lot with the new materials I have mastered. He compiled a 5-million-word source of ancient hieroglyphics in China and published a popular version of Illustration of Ancient Chinese Characters. Won the National Excellent Ancient Books Award. It is also in the process of repeatedly observing and writing rock paintings and Oracle Bone Inscriptions and inscriptions on bronze that the inspiration of calligraphy and painting innovation is inspired. According to the special effect of different carriers, materials and time on its erosion, combined with the pen and ink skills of Chinese painting, a brand-new form of painting and calligraphy was created-pictographic painting and calligraphy series, ink painting and calligraphy, coral book and pictographic calligraphy series, so as to interpret the characters by painting and make the thousand-year-old calligraphy finally go out of the "black and white world" and enter the "color time and space". From the cultural source of ancient ancestors, a road of calligraphy and painting innovation has been opened up. The first one must be unique! Because of his outstanding artistic style and pioneering and innovative works, Mr. Xiong won high praise from the Ministry of Culture. In the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, his first four series of pictographic paintings (ink book, coral book, illustrated calligraphy and painting, pictographic painting) were selected as the top ten calligraphy masters in China. And presented a certificate of honor to Mr. Xiong. Mr. Xiong began to learn calligraphy and painting at the age of five. Mr. Xiong began to study Zhao Mengfu with his parents at the age of five. /kloc-studied beauty from Zhang Buzhou at the age of 0/2; In the same year, he studied under Mr. Jin Zhenzhi; After entering the vocational school, he studied painting for four years. I spent 20 years systematically studying many schools of Chinese painting, such as landscapes, figures, flowers and birds, and the calligraphy of famous artists such as original seals (see copying Mr. Xu Beihong's "Running Horse" and Yan and Liu Ti's early calligraphy). He has made friends with teachers such as Sun Zhu, Fan, Fan, etc., and studied under Li Luogong and other teachers. Laid a solid foundation for painting and calligraphy. After the age of 26, he began to participate in national and provincial exhibitions. Lion, created in 1974, was collected by the United Nations post and telecommunications organization. 198 1 after the cultural revolution, he became the first representative and member when he restored the beauty of provincial books. After more than 30 years, he focused on the study of ancient Chinese characters and found a new creative way from the theory of "painting and calligraphy are homologous". China pictographic painting and calligraphy school is the first person, engaged in fine arts calligraphy for more than 50 years. Starting with exegetics and rock paintings, he deeply discussed the new ways to create calligraphy and painting with hieroglyphics. In order to find out the origin of Chinese characters, the initial process of ancient ancestors creating Chinese characters, and the evolution process from painting to writing, the basic book of ancient Chinese characters, Shuo Wen Jie Zi, was copied word by word and revised a lot with his own research results. He compiled a 5-million-word source of ancient hieroglyphics in China and published a popular version of Illustration of Ancient Chinese Characters. Won the National Excellent Ancient Books Award. In the process of repeatedly observing and writing rock paintings, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronze inscriptions, the inspiration of calligraphy and painting innovation was inspired. According to the special effects of different carriers, materials and time on its erosion, combined with the pen and ink skills of Chinese painting, a brand-new form of painting and calligraphy-pictographic painting and calligraphy series, ink painting and calligraphy, coral book and illustration painting and calligraphy-was created, which finally made the Millennium calligraphy go out of the "black and white world" and enter the "color time and space"; From the cultural source of ancient ancestors, a road of calligraphy and painting innovation has been opened up. It is meaningful to start school. & lt/SPAN>。 & lt/p & gt；