Personality assessment
Mars: A wise man must be a great tool.
Chen Deng: I have a wide range of knowledge and a strong memory. I respect Kong Wenju.
Mi Heng: The eldest son, Kong Wenju, and the youngest son, Yang Dezu, are all mediocre, so I can't count them.
Cao Cao: People use false names more than verification. Seeing it is easy to mutate, dazzle its deception and stop observing its confusion and vulgarity.
Cao Pi: Today's literati, Lu Kongju, Guangling Chen Zhang, RoyceWong, Beihai Xu Gan Weichang, Ruan Yu Yuan Yu, Dongping Serina Liu merchants, Si Qizi, have nothing left to read, nothing left to speak, and thousands of miles to compete. It's hard to take with this, too.
Sima Biao: By integrating into Beihai, I can support myself with wisdom, and I can rule the world with talents. At that time, Hao Jun was beyond my reach .. I was ambitious, too. I wanted to improve the armor of the army and work with the sages. Because I was born in Dai Yu, I refuse mediocrity, such as staying in the county, serving the party and going to meetings. However, what he appointed, curious and different, was ignorant. As for those who look back, it is ridiculous to be respectful. Although the ceremony is prepared, it has nothing to do with state affairs. Gaomi Zheng Xuan, namely Gong Zheng, regards Sun Li as his son. Let's talk about the fatwa, which overflows the official Cao, is elegant and gentle, and can be played and recited. It is difficult to learn from facts. But he can open the net and has poor self-care ability. Rent tax was low, and five Du You were killed at a time. There is no cure for raping people and corrupt officials and messing up cities.
Zhang Kun: I have been in this county for eight years, and I just exempted it. At the beginning of the emperor's accession to the throne, it was agreed that it was advisable to keep the system unchanged, make the capital of the king and seal the official department for thousands of miles, which was a letter from ministers. At that time, at the beginning of the world, Cao Yuan's power was not divided, and he became one and did not know current events. He is also cheerful by nature, which is quite insulting to his life.
Ge Hong: Kong Rong and Bian Rang's literature was vulgar, but failed to achieve governance.
Ye Fan: (1) Yesterday, Dr. Zheng said, "There are wild animals in the mountains, but quinoa is not chosen." It is based on the positive color of Confucius and cannot be abused; Zhong Ping Li Chao is hopeful to save the thief. If the husband's words are straightforward, it is enough to move the righteousness. Therefore, the trace of moving the tripod is divorced from human existence; The law of the end of generations, the opportunity is behind you. My husband is strict and positive, and he has folded it over. Is there anything unfair in the garden? You can live every time! It's amazing, as good as Kunyu's autumn frost. (2) The sound of frustration in the first day of Beihai. The more vulgar, the more surprised, and the less lonely. Who will help you if you go straight home safely?
Liu Xie: Kong Rong defends the North Sea, and its culture and education are beautiful but rare.
Fang: With the arrest of Dangtu's basic life, literate Sect rose, three ancestors kept high rhyme, and seven sons were divided into beauty. Hanlin is always the best, and its gorgeous algae and flowers have made it beautiful that year. Wang Chen is alone, thinking about the wind, preparing for the Olympic Games, hanging the sun and the moon.
Sima Guang: At a high-spirited age, you are determined to win, but you are broad-minded. He talks about Puritanism, full of officials and Cao, and his words are elegant. He can play and recite, and things are difficult to learn. But you can catch them all, but your eyes are sparse; I hope to win people's hearts, but I don't want to be attached for a long time. His appointment is curious and different. He is more arrogant and less talented.
Su Shi: (1) Wen Ju is the most famous person in the world. He is a teacher at home and abroad, each taking what he needs, and the world is fate. This man is also a dragon. 2 Jin has slaves and thieves are invincible. It's shameful to bully lonely people like fucking. My book "Spring and Autumn Annals", but Qi Bao's teeth. The article is in the sky, although it will not die. I am a disciple, and my business friends are above ten thousand people. Regard the public as a dragon and Cao Cao as a ghost. (3) Emperor Jing of Han killed Zhou Yafu with martingale, Cao Cao killed Kong Rong with fame, Emperor Wen of Jin killed Ji Kang with Wolong, Emperor Jing of Jin also killed Xia Houxuan with fame, Emperor Ming of Song killed Wang Mi with a large family, Emperor Qi killed Hu Lingguang with rumors, Emperor Taizong killed Li Junxian with rumors, and Wuhou killed Pei Yan with rumors. It is all wrong in the world.
Chen Pu: He leans on Han Gankun and likes to speak out when there is no danger. Don't let Mi Heng make a frivolous mistake, and don't let Cao Cao drive Jin Gen away.
Xu Jun: The guest is full of wine, but his eyes are high and treacherous. There is no way to be broad-minded and broad-minded, which is the symbol of the Western Jin Dynasty.
Yang Weizhen: Kong Beihai, make a bend. A guest talks a lot every day, but never hears it. He talked about Mo Miao. The world is full of talents, and the sin book is empty and tired. In life, grandfathers are also handsome, and their suggestions are not sparse. If you don't listen, why take the responsibility? Kong Beihai, Confucianism is pedantic. Zheng Xuan, how to respect your hometown? His wife and son have been grazing in Qingzhou, and he was still studying a few years ago.
Luo Guanzhong: Kong Rong lives in Beihai, full of gas: full of guests, the wine in the bottle is not empty; The article shocked the secular world and laughed at the princes. The historical pen praises loyalty and straightness, but the official history record is too high.
Zhang Pu: Famous people in the late Han Dynasty included Kong Rong in literature, Lu Bu in martial arts, Meng De and Shi.
Li Zhi: Zhijie, Zhi Zhi, Beihai, a famous person in the Eastern Han Dynasty, also known as "Seven sons of Jian 'an"; Robin, Wang Jinren, loyal and angry, a righteous man in the Tang Dynasty, ranked among the "four outstanding men". It's a pity to cover up his leisure with the skills at the end of the article!
The life of the character
After Confucius
Kong Rong is the 20th grandson of Confucius. His seventh ancestor, Kumba, was a teacher of the Han Emperor, and his official position was to serve the Han Emperor. His father Kong Zhou is the captain of Taishan team. When he was a teenager, he had outstanding talent and was praised by the famous Mars.
The struggle for justice
When Kong Rong was thirteen, Kong Zhou died. Kong Rong was so sad that he needed help to stand up. So the country praised him for his filial piety. He is studious and well-read. James Zhang, a famous scholar, was hated by Hou Lan, a servant of China, and ordered the counties to seize James Zhang. James Zhang and Kong Rong's brother Kong Bao are good friends, so they fled to Kong Bao's home, but Kong Bao was not there. At that time, Kong Rong was only sixteen years old. James Zhang thought Kong Rong was young and didn't tell him about himself. Kong Rong saw James Zhang's embarrassment and said to James Zhang, "Although my brother hasn't come home yet, can't I be your master?" So I left James Zhang to live in my own home.
Later, things were exposed, and people below the national phase secretly suppressed the matter. James Zhang was able to escape, and Kong Bao and Kong Rong were arrested and imprisoned. But I don't know which of them has been convicted. Kong Rong said: "I am the person who sheltered James Zhang, and the blame lies with me." Kong Bao said, "It's not my brother's fault that James Zhang came to me. I am guilty, I am willing. " Officials asked their mother, and the mother said, "The old people bear the housework, and the responsibility lies with me." Every household is fighting to the death, and the county can't make a decision, so it asks the court for instructions. The imperial edict finally condemned Kong Bao, and Kong Rong became famous.
Kong Rong is on a par with plain people Tao and Chen, and he doesn't even visit counties.
upright and outspoken
Kong Rong was later recruited by Stuart Yang and became a member of Stuart. At that time, he made an unannounced visit to corrupt elements in the bureaucracy and prepared to be demoted and removed from office. Most of the people denounced by Kong Rong were relatives of eunuchs. Afraid of offending eunuchs, the ministers in the DPRK called Kong Rong and other Stuart officials to heckle and reprimand them. Kong Rong made no secret of the sins of eunuchs' children.
In the seventh year of Guanghe (184), He Yinnan Hejin was about to be promoted to general. Yang Ci sent Kong Rong a business card to congratulate Hejin. Because the owner failed to report it in time, Kong Rong retracted his remorse. His family thought he had lost face and wanted to send a swordsman after Kong Rong. A guest said to He Jin, "Kong Wenju is very famous. If the general is against him, people from all directions will follow him. It is better to treat each other with courtesy and let everyone know that the general is broad-minded. " Blades agreed, so he appointed Kong Rong as a general. He was appointed as the highest rank and moved to the position of suggestion. Kong Rong was at odds with his boss, Cheng, and returned home after illness.
The North Sea is the phase.
Later, Kong Rong was recruited as a common family and was awarded the rank of commander of the North China Military Region. Three days after taking office, he became the commander of the samurai corps. Just as Dong Zhuo, the powerful minister, was in charge of the state affairs and wanted to abolish Liu Bian, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, Kong Rong argued with Dong Zhuo fiercely and often made correct remarks. Dong Zhuo bears a grudge and transfers Kong Rong to LaVida. Later, he suggested that the governments of the three countries (Qiu, Situ, etc.) recommend Kong Rong to Beihai (now Changle West, Shandong Province), the country where the Yellow Scarf Army was most rampant at that time.
After Kong Rong arrived in Beihai, he called foot soldiers, assembled troops to talk about martial arts, issued a campaign, personally wrote books, communicated with counties, and planned together. Due to the failure of the Yellow Scarf Army Zhang Rao, he was transferred to Xu Zhu County. Slowly gather more than 40,000 men and women bewitched by the Yellow Scarf, and then set up schools in the city to show Confucianism and recommend virtuous Zheng Xuan, Peng Ying and Tang gaozu. Treat China people with courtesy, even if there is only a little kindness. China people have no descendants, and tourists from all over the world have died and helped to bury them. Because of its political voice, it was called "Kong Beihai" by people at that time.
Later, Kong Rong was surrounded by Guan Hai, the general of the Yellow Scarf Army, and the situation was urgent. So he sent Taishi Ci to ask Pingyuan Xiang Liu Bei for help. Liu Bei said in surprise, "Kong Beihai knows that there is another Liu Bei in the world." So, he immediately sent his troops to clear the way.
At that time, Yuan Shao and Cao Cao gradually became the most powerful forces in the Central Plains. Kong Rong knew that they were going to usurp the Han Dynasty after all and did not want to take refuge in them. Zuo Chengzu, his assistant, suggested that Kong Rong seize Yuan Shao or Cao Cao and Kong Rong and kill them. Kong Rong was conceited and determined to pacify the national crisis, but because of his rough talent and empty mind, he got nothing.
Flee after defeat
Six years in office, Kong Rong was recommended by Liu Bei, and got Qingzhou secretariat.
In the first year of Jian 'an (196), Yuan Tan attacked Beihai, and the two sides fought in Zhixia in the spring. There are only a few hundred soldiers left, and the arrows are raining down. The city is already in hand-to-hand combat. Kong Rong is still laughing with a few books. Until nightfall, he fled to Shandong (east of Taihang Mountain), and his wife and children were captured by Yuan Tan.
Participate in state affairs
In the first year of Jian 'an (196), after Emperor Xian of Han moved the capital to Xuchang, he recruited Kong Rong as the master and was promoted to Shaofu. Every time he visits the imperial court, Kong Rong often summons him to make a quick decision, otherwise the doctor will only be in name only.
Previously, teacher Ma Ridi was ordered to be sent to Shandong. In Huainan, he asked Yuan Shu for help many times. Yuan Shu looked down on him, insulted him, took his Jeff, forbade him to leave, and forced him to be a strategist. Ma Ridi was so worried about himself that he vomited blood and died. When Ma Ridi's body was sent back to the capital, the imperial court wanted to give it a ceremonial burial, so Kong Rong said to himself, "Ma Ridi was ordered to handle local affairs by virtue of his aristocratic status in Shanggong, pacify Eastern Xia, and was instructed by him to make up for it. Ma Ridi was the first. Attaching to subordinates, deceiving the imperial court, and treason as a monarch. Once upon a time, the state helped the enemy Jin Jun, but it was unmoved. It is wise to keep a straight face in front of the dazzling white knife. Can the court minister use threats as an excuse? Besides, the rebellion in Yuan Shu did not happen overnight, and Ma Ridi has been dealing with it for a long time. According to the Han law, anyone who has been in contact with sinners for more than three days should know their feelings. " "Spring and Autumn Annals" said: When he died, he didn't write the date in order not to publicize the condemnation. Zheng crusaded against You Gong and cut the coffin of the poor family for killing the king. Your majesty pitied the old minister and could not bear to be convicted. It's already very generous, so we shouldn't give any more gifts. "The court adopted his opinion.
At that time, public opinion mostly hoped to restore corporal punishment. Kong Rong suggested: "The ancient people were simple and honest, and there was no distinction between good and evil. Officials are honest, the criminal law is clear, and there are no mistakes in politics. It is one's own responsibility to be guilty. In the last days, the atmosphere was corrupt, politics disturbed the customs, and national laws harmed the people. Therefore, if the monarch fails to become a monarch, the people will be distracted and dissatisfied, and they want to use the ancient criminal law to abolish their limbs. This is not the way to get rid of evil and do good. I cut off the calf of the morning wading bird, and everyone in the world said I was cruel and heartless. There were 1,800 vassal States in the previous week, and the people in the world had to raise 1,800 monarchs. If a person's feet are cut off, there will be 1800 below. It is absolutely impossible to think of pure customs. Those who have been punished have the idea of not wanting to live and the determination to die. Most of them take risks and never return. Zhao Gao and Ying Bu are the great disasters of the present age. Not only can't we forbid people from doing bad things, we just cut off the way to do good things for others. Even if loyalty is like a fist, persistence is like Bian He, wisdom is like Sun Bin, injustice is like Xiang Bo, talent is like Sima Qian, and understanding is like senior minister. Once he is sawed to death, he will be laughed at. Therefore, Taijia's thoughts are consistent. Make Qin the hero of Xirong, and the bones of Nanren stand upright. In The First Banquet, Wei Wugong repented after drinking, Shang Chen sent troops, Khan was killed in the water, and Shang Wei guarded the border. , so there is no need to keep it. The big fellow opened up the road to reform, mostly. Therefore, the virtuous monarch thinks deeply, abandons the short and takes the long, and political measures cannot be reformed casually. " The court considered his suggestion very good, and finally did not resume corporal punishment.
At that time, Liu Biao, a shepherd in Jingzhou, did not pay tribute to the court, but did many things that violated the law and discipline. Still worshiping heaven and earth in the suburbs, etiquette means jun. The imperial court issued a letter to announce its behavior to the world. Uncle Kong thought it necessary to conceal the suburban sacrifice to protect the court's face.
In the fifth year of Jian 'an (200 years), Liu Feng, king of Nanyang, and Liu Zuo, king of Donghai, died one after another. Xian Di mourned their early death and hoped to offer them four times the sacrifice. So, he first asked Kong Rong for advice. Kong Rong replied, "Your Majesty is very kind, and he has increased his thoughts because of changes. He mourned the souls of the two kings, issued letters of mercy, checked the previous laws and regulations and revised the etiquette system. I think the previous generations of King Huai of Liang, King Cheng of Linjiang, King Ai of Qi and Chu Huaiwang of Linhuai all died without children, and their brothers Jingdi, Wudi, Zhao Di and Ming Imperial Capital have never heard of offering sacrifices to them before. If it's temporary, don't write it in your biography. I don't understand. I think they all died young. His Majesty mourned and posthumously conferred a knighthood as a rite of passage. This should be handled according to your wishes. After sacrifice, don't do it again. As for the annual sacrifice, it is impolite and violates the established legal system of the first emperor. This is not appropriate. "
Insult a powerful minister
Before Cao Cao attacked Yecheng and slaughtered Yecheng residents. Most of the women and children of Yuan Shao's family were plundered. Cao Cao's son Cao Pi privately married Yuan's wife Zhen Shi. Kong Rong wrote to Cao Cao and said, "The King of Wu attacked Zhou and gave da ji to the Duke of Zhou." Cao Cao didn't understand, and later he asked Kong Rong what was going on in He Dian. Kong Rong replied: "It is natural to measure things according to the current situation."
In the 12th year of Jian 'an (207), Cao Cao went north to beg for Wu Huan, and Kong Rong laughed at him and said, "General (Cao Cao) went to war and was depressed overseas. In the past, he was cautious and didn't pay tribute to wood, but Ding Ling stole Su Wu's cattle and sheep, so we can crusade together! " At that time, there was famine and war, and Cao Cao asked for prohibition of alcohol. Kong Rong wrote to Cao Cao many times, arguing that alcohol should not be banned, and most of his words were arrogant and rude.
Kong Rong has seen the treachery of Cao Cao's treacherous man, and it is becoming more and more unbearable. So he spoke extremely and often offended Cao Cao. Once again, I think we should follow the system of the ancient capital, and feudal princes are not allowed within a thousand miles. Cao Cao suspected that he was talking more and more widely and was more afraid of him. However, because Kong Rong is famous all over the world, he pretends to be tolerant, but secretly he is jealous of his correct remarks, for fear of hindering his great cause. Lv Chi, a native of Yangshan, saw through Cao Cao's mind and excused Kong Rong for flouting the national law. Cao Cao wrote a letter to deliberately provoke two people, and Kong Rong also wrote back.
Jin xian Shi Hao
In the 13th year of Jian 'an, Kong Rong was appointed as the doctor of Taizhong. Kong Rong is tolerant by nature, does not doubt people, attaches importance to talents, and likes to induce and promote young people. After retirement, guests are full every day. Kong Rong often sighs: "The seat is always full, and the wood carving is like wine, so I have nothing to worry about."
Kong Rong became friends with the famous Cai Yong. After Cai Yong died, there was a samurai who looked a bit like Cai Yong. Every time Kong Rong drank enough wine, he invited him to sit with him and said, "Although there is no boss, what makes me happy is that there are still typical ones."
Kong Rong heard that people do good deeds, as if they had done them themselves. He can take what he says, and he must expand it. He told people his shortcomings in person and praised his merits. Recommend sages and reward enterprising. If he knows and doesn't say anything, he thinks it's his fault, so people all over the country believe him.
Be brutally murdered
Cao Cao was full of suspicion, and Lv Chi framed him, so Cao Cao ordered the Prime Minister's army to beat Kong Rong in vain on charges of "surrendering", "doing evil", "slandering the imperial court" and "disobeying the imperial court". 19 13 On August 29th, Kong Rong was executed, and the whole family was implicated. Kong Rong was 56 years old.
Before Jingzhao people had a good impression on Kong Rong, they once advised Kong Rong to be too outspoken. Kong Rong was killed, and no one dared to accept the body in Xuchang. Fat Xi went to touch the body and said, "Wen Ju left me, I am no longer alive." When Cao Cao heard this, he was furious and prepared to catch the fat and kill him. Later, he was released after being pardoned.
Anecdotal allusions
Early signs
Kong Rong came to Luoyang with his father when he was ten years old. At that time, the celebrity Mars worked in Luoyang. If he is not a celebrity or his relative, his master will not report it. Kong Rong wanted to see what kind of person Mars was, so he came home. He said to his master, "I am a relative of Li Jun." When the gatekeeper learned about it, Mars met him. Mars asked him, "What is your relationship with me?" Kong Rong replied: "In the past, my ancestor Confucius and your ancestor Laozi were both respected as teachers (Confucius once asked Laozi about Zhou Li), so you and I are also family friends!" There were many guests present at that time, and they were very surprised by Kong Rong's answer. Later, Dr. Yang Chen, a Chinese medicine doctor, came to Mars Building. The guests told him about it, but Yang Chen said disapprovingly, "When you are young, you may not be smart when you grow up." Kong Rong immediately retorted, "Then you must have been very clever when you were a child." Yang Chen has nothing to say. Mars said with a smile, "You are so smart that you will succeed in the future."
Kong Rong gave up the biggest pear.
The story of Kong Rong and Li Rang was first seen in Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Continued Han Shu. It is said that when Kong Rong was four years old, he ate pears with his brother, but he always ate the smallest pear. His father asked him strangely, and he replied, "I am a child, so I should take the small one." Kong Rong's family was therefore surprised by him.
There is a saying in Saint Amethyst that "when you are four years old, you can be a pear".
Friendship between generations
"Forgetting to make friends" comes from "The Biography of Mi Fei in the Later Han Dynasty": "The balance is weak at first, but the years are not chaotic, so make friends." It refers to making friends because of different ages.
Don't cry at the grave.
According to 262 quotations from Qin Zi in Magnolia, when Kong Rong was the Prime Minister of Beihai, he saw a man crying at the grave of his dead father on the road, but his face was not haggard at all. Kong Rong then killed the man.
Kill the third one
In the second year of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1057), Su Shi was appreciated by Mei with an article "On Rewarding Loyalty with Punishment", one of which said, "Kill the third son, Yao said kill the third son." At that time, the examiner didn't know the allusions. The examiner Ouyang Xiu asked Su Shi who he Dian was from. Su Shi's answer is in the biography of the reflection of Kong Rong. Ouyang Xiu searched for a long time but couldn't find it. Su Shi replied, "Cao Cao destroyed Yuan Shao and gave his son Cao Pi to Yuan's wife. Kong Rong said,' It was Zhou Wuwang who gave da ji to the Duke of Zhou'. Cao Cao was frightened and asked where he came from. He replied:' it is natural to take this as a measure.' "After listening to this, Ouyang Xiu suddenly realized.
There are eggs under the nest.
When Kong Rong was killed, his daughter was seven years old and his boy was nine years old, but he was saved because he was young. Send it to someone else's house. Two sons are playing chess, and Kong Rong is caught and indifferent. People around me said, "My father was arrested. Excuse me, why? " A: "Where is the nest that kills eggs and does not break?" The host gave gravy and the boy was thirsty. The girl said, "How long can such a disaster last today? Do we still need to know the taste of meat?" My brother wailed and stopped drinking. Someone told Cao Cao and decided to kill them all. When the captor arrived, the woman said to her brother, "If the deceased knew, it would be our greatest wish to see his parents!" So the neck is punished and the color remains the same. No one is not sad about it.
Major achievements
literature
Kong Rong was a famous Confucian in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. After Cai Yong, he is a master of writing and good at poetry. Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei, appreciated Kong Rong's literary works very much. After his death, he offered a reward for collecting his articles, and compared Kong Rong with six writers, including RoyceWong, Chen Lin, Xu Gan, Angelababy and Serina Liu, as "Seven Scholars in Jian 'an". Said, "Kong Rong's body is wonderful, and people have had it; However, you can't hold a theory and you can't talk about it. As for it, it is ridiculous. And this is good for both Yang () and Ban (Ban Gu). "
According to the Records of the Later Han Dynasty, Kong Rong has 25 poems, ode, inscription, discussion, six characters, writings, tables, orders and secretaries. However, this limited legacy was lost in later generations, and most of it was only fragments, of which only eight poems were left.
Kong Rong's articles mainly focus on discussion, the content of which is generally to spread enlightenment, publicize benevolent policies, recommend talents, comment on people, and express his views on current politics, with sharp edges and distinctive personality. In art, the finishing words are elegant and rich, citing the past and discussing the present, with exquisite metaphors and abundant momentum. The existing works are only prose and poetry, and Kong Rong's prose is characterized by sharp and humorous writing.
On the whole, his prose pays attention to the beauty and symmetry of words, and has a strong atmosphere of lovers, which is what distinguishes Kong Rong from other writers of the same period. At the same time, people also pointed out that his articles were "exquisite in writing" and "straightforward in writing, vivid in spirit" ("Lectures on the History of Liu Medieval Literature"), which reflected the literary creation in Jian 'an period. Compared with prose, Kong Rong's poetry is inferior.
He once wrote a poem about the name of the county with the title of "Kong Rong Landing", which was regarded as the first poem of the riddles.
politics
Kong Rong's character and speech had an impact on that time and later generations. Even during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, his works against corporal punishment were still used as arguments to discuss imperial policies.