? Sima Guang (10 19~ 1086) was born in Xia County, Shaanxi Province in the Northern Song Dynasty. Renzong was the first scholar, and served in Renzong, Yingzong, Zongshen and Zhezong dynasties successively. He compiled Tong Jian for two purposes: first, to provide information for the emperor; The second is to revitalize the chronicle and become a family letter. He believes that "since the Spring and Autumn Period, there have been 1500 volumes of historical records in the History of the Five Dynasties, and each generation can't rank first, and the history can't be summarized at the end of the year" (Summary of Information), so "I often want to delete its essence and make it a chronicle" (Preface to the Collection of Tongjian). This shows his intention to reform the biographical style and rebuild the chronicle. The compilation of Tongjian began in the years of Renzong and Jiaku. Sima Guang first compiled a chronology of major events from the Warring States Period to the Five Dynasties, which was named "Chronology" and was divided into five volumes. Then it was written into eight volumes of Tongzhi, which began in the twenty-third year of King Wei Lie of Zhou and ended in Qin Ershi for three years. Yingzong attached great importance to this, so he ordered Sima Guang to select talents and appoint talents in the pavilion in the third year of Zhiping (1066), and compiled The Deeds of Kings and Ministers in Past Dynasties. Since then, Zongshen has named this book Zi Tongzhi Jian. Historians who assisted Sima Guang in compiling history included Liu Ban, Liu Shu, Fan Zuyu and others. They divided the compilation process into three steps: the first step is to compile the item set, that is, to mark the items in chronological order, and then select historical materials as annotations; The second step is to organize long editing, that is, to write the text in clusters, which is actually the draft of the book; The third step is to finalize the draft. In this step, Sima Guang, the editor-in-chief, is responsible for reviewing the similarities and differences, simplifying the complex, unifying the system, and finally writing a book. Tongjian has been edited for 19 years, and its organization method can be regarded as a model of combining collective cooperation with individual responsibility in the compilation of history books.