It first appeared in the Confucian Book of Rites Jade Algae: "The golden ribbon of the lay man." Zheng Xuan's Note: "The laity also knows Chu Shi." Taoism also has the title of "lay man". After the introduction of Indian Buddhism, it was translated into Buddhist scriptures.
The word "lay man" in ancient China originated from the jade algae in the Book of Rites. In Han Feizi's book, it is also said that there are laymen such as Ren Ti and Shihua, all of which refer to those who are quite good at art and do not seek official positions. Since then, both China and Japan have not followed the original intention of Confucian classics, but generally called those who have the means "laity".
Basic introduction Chinese name: layman's interpretation: the general name of ancient monks for people who believe at home: ancient practitioners who have both ability and political integrity claim to be reclusive: the level of literati's claim: layman level, big layman level. How to become a monk, how to practice as a layman, the concept of words, basic information, quotation and explanation, basic meaning, and how to be a layman in past dynasties, Tang and Song Dynasties, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and modern times. According to Article 6, paragraph 8, of the Management Measures for Taoist temples of the Chinese Taoist Association, "Taoist temples can accept citizens who believe in Taoism as laymen. Taoist laymen should abide by the management system of temples and must not interfere in temple affairs. " I voluntarily applied for and chose my master, and got the approval of Qingtian Temple in Maoxian East. A Taoist believer who has reached the age of 18, loves his country and religion, abides by laws and disciplines, and respects teachers and attaches great importance to religion. The layman's card is the identity certificate issued by the Taoist temple and the teacher's identity certificate of the layman. When practicing Buddhism "staying at home", laymen mainly include: converting to three treasures, accepting five precepts, fasting, practicing Bodhisattva for six degrees, staying at home for eight methods and so on. Buddhism 1. If you want to convert to Sambo and do good deeds wholeheartedly, you should make sure that Sambo, a monk, is the place where your body and mind turn to rely on, and don't convert to other religions and temples other than Buddhism. 2. Secondly, observe the five precepts, do not kill, steal, commit adultery, talk nonsense or drink alcohol. Although there are many Buddhist precepts, the five precepts are the most important. From learning Buddha to bodhisattva, we must abide by the five precepts, but we can never get rid of the dust, and everything remains the same. 3. Fasting, fasting is a kind of self-denial life on certain days of every month, that is, not eating, burning incense, singing and dancing, and not sitting on a high bed after noon. The fasting days are generally the first, eighth, fourteenth, full moon, twenty-third and twenty-ninth (dark days) of the lunar calendar. 4. The Mahayana classic tells how a bodhisattva at home should cultivate six degrees, radiate and so on. 5. Eight methods at home, eight methods at home are the eight practices that the Buddha aimed at seeking reality and future happiness in the family, namely convenience, protection, knowledge, righteousness, faith, restraint, charity and wisdom. If you practice according to the Eight Ways of Living at Home, you will not only get happiness in this life, but also get happiness in the afterlife. Observe three conversions, five fasts, do good to others, purify one's body and mind, and read Mahayana to advise practitioners. These are the standards for Buddhist believers to practice at home. In fact, some are lower than this standard and some are higher than this standard. Basic information about the concept of words: layman pinyin: j shě 1. [Buddhist]: A general term for monks, referring to people who enlightened at home in the old days. 2. [Hermit]: In ancient times, it was called a hermit who lived in seclusion and was not an official. Name and explain ancient people who claimed to have both ability and political integrity and lived in seclusion.
Book of Rites Jade Algae: "Buddha Belt." Zheng Xuan's Note: "The laity also knows Chu Shi." Everything is done by Han Feizi, the foreign reserve says the top right: "In the East China Sea of Qi, there are two people, one is called Kuang Ti, and the other is called Kun Di. They argue:' I don't serve the emperor, and I don't make friends with Wang by bus. I make a living by farming, and I dig wells to drink water. I don't want other people's things.' Lu Jingyu, Biography of Shu Wei Ru Lin: "His uncle lives in the same position, and Jingyu stops at the garden house, and his feelings are all in the countryside. He is humble and obedient, and his chastity is self-satisfied, so he is a layman. " Biography of Northern History Wei Kui: "I am lonely, I am a layman." 2. Call it a Taoist middleman. Song and Cai tapestry "Talk about Tiewei Mountain" Volume 4: "After the government, Taoists began to flourish, and the feather scholars won many titles such as Jinmen feather guest, Taoist priest and layman because of the story of aiding Jiangnan. They must paint gold and silver cards with tin, and there is a heavenly seal on them, so salt makes them admire. " In the past, monks usually referred to their families. Qing Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio Taoist: "Xu Chao said,' Why not be the master when the Taoist is a guest? Taoists laughed and said,' Taoists and laity have only one beak and ear on their shoulders. "The Scholars" is the twentieth time: "(The old monk) said:' Lie down, don't worry, you will be lucky; If you have some mountains and rivers, it's all on my old monk. "Flower Moon Scar" The fifth time: "old ni and Zhu Chi crossed their hands and said,' Where are the laity? "5. Literati's ideas. For example, Li Bai calls himself a violet laity; Ouyang xiu claimed to be a layman on June 1; Su Shi claimed to be a Dongpo layman; Wait a minute. 6. Free translation of Sanskrit. According to Vimalakīrti's classics, Vimalakīrti studied Taoism at home, the so-called Vimo lay man. Hui Yuan's righteousness: "Practicing at home and being a Taoist at home are called laymen." "Biography of Southern History and Danger": "The reason why newspapers are published is that they cannot be remonstrated, for fear of harming themselves, and they are rejected by laymen. I often live in Dongshan Temple, pretending to have foot disease, no longer. " Tang Yuan Zhen's poem "Dumen Temple": The relic opens the tower and the incense burner occupies the small pot. Dojo lay home, Tibetan master seal. Basic meaning: laity: Sanskrit Chinese free translation, Sanskrit Grha-pati, meaning parents, housekeepers, elders, or' housekeepers'. Initially, it refers to the third commercial working class in India, Vishya Vaisya, a rich person or a respected and virtuous person. However, in today's Buddhist society in China, all Buddhists who believe in Buddhism at home have been generally called "lay people". The word "lay man" is not a Buddhist word. In China's Book of Rites, there is a saying called "laity golden belt", which refers to Taoist artist Chu Shi. In real life, the title contains the meanings of hermit, master, mountain man and strange man. In India, Geha Patti was not created by Buddhism. Sanskrit calls Gehapati "Jia Max Loehr". Whether you believe in Buddhism or not, anyone who stays at home can be called a layman. In China, the word "lay man" originated from the jade algae in the Book of Rites. In Han Feizi's book, it also refers to laymen such as Ren Ti and Shihua, all of whom refer to those who are quite capable and do not seek official positions. Later, China and Japan did not follow the original intention of Confucian classics, but generally referred to those who had the means as laymen. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Taoist practitioners also claimed to be laymen, which had a great influence on middle and upper-class intellectuals, so many people took the name of "laymen". For example, Li Bai, who believes in Taoism, is a "violet layman"; Bai Juyi calls himself "Xiangshan laity"; Su Shi was named "Dongpo layman" and Fan Chengda was named "Shihu layman"; Li Qingzhao named herself "Yi 'an Jushi" and so on. Li Bai, a self-proclaimed Buddhist in the Tang and Song Dynasties, Bai Juyi, a Buddhist in Xiangshan, Si Kongtu, a Buddhist in Li Bai's resistance to humiliation, and Fu Ming, a Buddhist in Wu Shang (a highly respected Liang Shanhui in the Northern and Southern Dynasties), A Buddhist in Lianfeng —— Li Yu (late Tang Dynasty), a Buddhist in Longqiu —— Yao Chen (Northern Song Dynasty poet), an endless Buddhist —— Zhang Shangying (Northern Song Dynasty famous poet), a Buddhist in Gu Xi —— Li Zhiyi (Northern Song Dynasty writer), a Buddhist in the valley —— Huang Tingjian (Northern Song Dynasty writer), an intermediate Buddhist —— Wang Anshi (Northern Song Dynasty writer), a Buddhist in Fan Zhongyan. Caotang lay man-Ye Wei (poet of Northern Song Dynasty)-Ouyang Xiu (writer of Northern Song Dynasty)-Dongpo lay man-Su Shi (writer of Northern Song Dynasty)-Huaihai lay man-Qin Guan (poet of Northern Song Dynasty)-Chen Shidao (official and poet of Northern Song Dynasty. Muslim lay man-Zhou Bangyan (a famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty) to a wandering lay man-Yao Zeng (a lay man in Jiaxuan at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty)-Xin Qiji (a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty)-Huayang lay man-Tao Hongjing (a thinker, doctor and alchemist in the Southern Liang Dynasty, Taoism) Zhai Yi layman-Zhao (Southern Song Dynasty painter) Jianzhai layman-Chen (Southern Song Dynasty poet) Luchuan layman-Zhang (Southern Song Dynasty poet) Shilin layman-Ye Mengde (Southern Song Dynasty poet) Houcun layman-Liu Kezhuang (Southern Song Dynasty writer) layman-Wang Yinglin (Southern Song Dynasty scholar) Yi 'an layman-Chashan layman- Poet) lay man around the lake-Lu (calligrapher of Yuan Dynasty) lay man-Jue Yuan (famous writer of Yuan Dynasty) lay man Hengshan-Wen Zhiming (painter of Ming Dynasty, Literati) Sheng Hua lay man-Ding (Ming painter) Mei Cun lay man-Wu (Ming poet) Qing Teng lay man-Xu Wei (late Ming writer) Shi lay man-Yuan Hongdao (Ming writer) Cang Ni lay man-(Ming writer) Xiang Guang lay man-Dong Qichang (Ming calligrapher) Liu Ruju lay man-literati. Painter) Diean layperson-Zhang Dai (writer in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty) Meixi layperson-Qian Yong (writer in Ming and Qing Dynasties) refers to an eccentric layperson-Xu Yun monk (famous Zen master in Qing Dynasty), Liu Quan layperson-Pu Songling (writer in Qing Dynasty), sage Okaoka layperson-Shi Zhenlin (writer in Qing Dynasty), rehabilitated layperson-Hong (writer in Qing Dynasty) Jushi Suiyuan —— Yuan Mei (a writer in Qing Dynasty) Taiyan Jushi —— Jushi Zhang Pochen, Jushi Yuan and Ming Dynasties —— Jushi Yong Zhengdi —— Jushi Zhang Zhao (a calligrapher in Qing Dynasty) —— Jushi Bian Shoumin (a painter in Qing Dynasty) was a late scholar —— Wu Xizai (a engraver in Qing Dynasty) was a bottle monk —— Weng Tong. Is an undisputed layman-Zhang Zhidong (one of the representatives of the Qing Westernization School) is a modern Buddhist-Zhang (a master of Chinese studies) is a layman of Qu Yuan-Yu Yue (a master of Chinese studies) is a measured layman-Huang Kan (a master of Chinese studies) used to be a cold-resistant layman-Long Yusheng (four words in the Republic of China)-Qi Gong (a famous contemporary painter and educator in China Zhu San lay man-Chen Ren (master of Chinese studies), Pengshan lay man-Bao Deshuai (cultural scholar) and his party lay man-Zhong Wenfang (famous contemporary traveler and scholar), layman on the same lake-Peng Tangyuan (first-class painter of Wenhua Pavilion Painting and Calligraphy Institute of the Ministry of Culture)-Taoyuan layman-Liu Qisheng (vice chairman of Chinese Painters Association)-Maolin layman.