Why is Su Shi respected in calligraphy?

Su Shi was born in Meishan (now Sichuan). He and his father, Su Xun, and his younger brother, Su Zhe, are world-famous for their poems, known as "Su San". His calligraphy draws nutrition from Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Chu Suiliang, Xu Hao, Li Beihai and Yang Ningshi, and strives for innovation on the basis of inheriting tradition. When talking about his calligraphy, he said, "The method of writing is not perfect, but I can't get it all." When talking about his artistic creation of calligraphy, he said: "I can't write books with my heart, and I am very happy." He focused on "meaning" and sent his feelings to the book with "faithful hand". On the basis of his profound understanding of calligraphy art, he used traditional techniques to create calligraphy art, enriching and developing traditional techniques in calligraphy art creation, rather than simply mechanically removing the old. Su Shi studied "Two Kings" in his early years, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi in his middle age, and Li Beihai in his later years. He also extensively dabbled in other calligraphers in Jin and Tang Dynasties, forming a profound and unpretentious style. His calligraphy, with more strokes, is flat and slightly fat. This is also closely related to the way he holds the pen. Su Shi's brush is "lying on his side", that is, the brush lies on his side between the tiger's jaws, which is similar to the current pen holding posture, so his handwriting is inclined to the right and flat. Huang Tingjian divides Su Shi's calligraphy into three periods: the early stage is charming, the middle stage is vigorous, and the late stage is decadent. As an early representative of Zhipingtie, his brushwork is exquisite and his words are charming. The middle-aged representative is "Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry Post". This poem post is two poems written by Su Shi when he was demoted to Huangzhou in the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082) because of Wutai poetry case. Poetry is gloomy and desolate, but it is broad-minded. The color of brush and ink in calligraphy also changes with the context of poetry, ups and downs, extraordinary momentum, and one go, reaching a near-perfect state of "both hands are smooth". Therefore, the book of Xian Yu in the Yuan Dynasty was called the "third running script in the world" after Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting and Yan Zhenqing's Sacrifice to His Nephew. . In his later years, his representative works include the running script Ode to Dongting Spring and Ode to the Old in Zhongshan and Song Dynasties. These two poems are elegant and smart, plump and rigorous, which embodies the characteristics of Su Shi's calligraphy. The latest ink is Xie Essay (1 100). Su Shi's calligraphy is highly respected by later generations. No one has a better say than Huang Tingjian, who said in "Valley Collection" that "those who are good at books in this dynasty should take (Su) first". Su Shi's calligraphy focuses on "meaning" and goes his own way. Huang Tingjian, one of the "Four Bachelor of Sumen", said: "His calligraphy is very attractive ... until he drinks too much wine, he forgets himself and is clumsy, and his words are extremely thin ... As for the round rhyme of his pen, his articles are wonderful all over the world, and his loyalty runs through the sun and the moon, which is the first." Charm can be said to be the biggest feature of his calligraphy. Ming Dong Qichang even praised him for "making full use of the front, which is the Lanting of Po Gong". Therefore, the beauty of Su's calligraphy is called "the beauty lies in the hidden front", "the ancient road is strong", "the body is strong and peaceful, the weather is graceful and abundant" and "the hidden skill is better than the clumsy", which is a great style, and its calligraphy theory implication is even more incisive, not only for the present world, but also for future generations. 00 Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry Post is the representative work of Su Shi's running script. This is a poem to send a revival, and it is a sigh of life caused by Su Shi's relegation to Huangzhou for three years. The poem is desolate and affectionate, expressing Su Shi's melancholy and lonely mood at this time. The calligraphy of this poem is produced in this mood and situation. The whole calligraphy is full of ups and downs, radiant and unrestrained, and there is no shortage of pens. Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry Post has a great influence in the history of calligraphy, which is called "the third running script in the world" and is also a leader in Su Shi's calligraphy works. As Huang Tingjian wrote after this poem: "This book was also written by Yan, Yang and Li Xitai, which is not necessarily the same as those who tried to restore Dongpo. The gloomy images in the poem, such as hut, empty bag, black paper and grave, render a gloomy mood. It expresses the gloomy and boring mood of the author living in Huangzhou. " Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry Post presents a dynamic trend with ups and downs. Poetry is desolate and melancholy, and calligraphy is produced in this mood and situation. Throughout the ups and downs, rapid and steady, incisively and vividly, in one go. Su Shi put the changes of artistic conception and emotion in his poems in the changes of stippling lines, either before or after, changing and changing, breaking with the trend, and being natural. Its words are also strange, big or small, sparse or dense, light or heavy, wide or narrow, uneven, arbitrary and strange, and varied. Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry Post is a masterpiece of Su Shi's calligraphy works, which has a great influence in the history of calligraphy. Xian Yushu in Yuan Dynasty called it "the third running script in the world" after Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting and Yan Zhenqing's Sacrifice to His Nephew. 00 "Dongting Spring Poem" and "Zhongshan Songlao Poem" were both written by Su Shi. The former was written in the winter of 109 1 year, and the latter was written in 1093, which was written by Su Shi in his later years. Su Shi was exiled to Lingnan, and was stopped by heavy rain on his way to write these two poems. Self-titled cloud: "In the year of Shaoshengyuan (1094), April 21st will be suitable for the ridge, and it will rain cats and dogs, so I will stay in Xiangyi, so this book. "At the age of 59. At this time, Su Shi's pen and ink are more vigorous, with extremely tight words, elegant posture, just right singularity, and bold and unconstrained beauty. It embodies the characteristics of Su Shi's calligraphy. Gan Long once commented: "The essence plate is rich and luxurious, with rich beginning and end, which is not much in Dongpo's book." The novel: "The two houses are well managed and magnificent, and the gesture of returning to Hunan is really a tiger's back." Wang Shizhen said, "This is not only elegant, but also plump, and the structure is tight and not out of control, so Meishan is the best. The viewer can also use ink tank traces. " .