Wine ①
—— Jin Tao Yuanming
build house is in the human territory, ②
There are no horses and chariots.
ask you what you can do,
your mind is far from self-centered.
under the east fence of picking chrysanthemums,
you can see Nanshan leisurely.
the mountain air is getting better every day, and ③
the birds are returning.
There is truth in this,
I have forgotten what I said when I tried to distinguish it. (4)
Author
Tao Yuanming (365-427) has a bright character. When it comes to fame and potential, the word is profound and clear, and the world name is Mr. Jingjie. Xunyang Chaisang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi) was born. Great-grandfather Tao Kan used to be a Fu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and both his father and father used to be a prefect. Yuanming lost his father at the age of eight, his family declined and he became increasingly poor. He has been an official for several times, and served as a small official such as offering wine and joining the army. At the age of forty-one, he abandoned his official position and retired to seclusion. Since then, he has devoted himself to farming. He wrote poetry with pastoral life as the theme, and he was the pioneer of pastoral poetry school. The poetic style is plain and natural, which is highly respected by future generations and has far-reaching influence. Qing Tao Shu's annotation "Collection of Mr. Jingjie" is a good annotation.
Notes
There are twenty poems of Drinking, all of which are accidental poems after drinking, not written at the moment. ② Human habitat: the place where human beings live in compact communities. ③ Sunset: Near dusk. ④ The last two sentences are in Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi? On the Theory of Homology of Things: "Those who distinguish also have differences and don't say anything." Zhuangzi? Foreign things ":"The speaker cares so much that he forgets to say it with pride. " Poetry means understanding the true meaning from the revelation of nature, which is unspeakable and has nothing to say.
translation
My home is built on a busy road where people live together, but I have never bothered to entertain people and make noise.
ask me how I can be so free and easy, and my mind is naturally quiet and far away from the mundane.
Picking chrysanthemums under the East Wall makes me wander, and I suddenly look up and enjoy the wonderful scenery of Nanshan.
In the twilight, the colorful fog lingers and rises, and flocks of birds return to the embrace of Xiangyuan Mountain.
Nanshan Yangzhi, this has the true meaning of life, how can I express the profound inside!
Comment
This is the sixth of the twenty songs of Drinking. The main purpose of poetry is to show the poet's thinking process of understanding the "true meaning" by using the theory of "forgetting the image with pride" in Wei and Jin metaphysics, which is full of rational interest. However, it is not a dull philosophical deduction. In the poem, the carefree feelings are written, and the beautiful and distant scenery is also written. In the realm of scene blending, the philosophy that everything is in its place and entrusted is implied. This philosophy has been refined and condensed by the poet into epigrams such as "the heart is far away from itself" and "there is truth in it", which gives readers rational enlightenment and makes the rhyme of the whole poem more beautiful and profound.
in the song dynasty, Zhu Xi said, "although the figures in Jin and song dynasties are lofty, they all want official posts, and they are talking freely here and soliciting power and goods there. Can Tao Yuanming really want it? This is higher than the figures in Jin and Song Dynasties. " This poem is an engraving of the different spiritual features of the poem. Unlike ordinary hermits, he flaunts that he was born beyond dust, but that "build house is in the human condition"; He is in a "human environment", but he can achieve "no cars and horses" and do not dye worldly things. What is the reason for it The poet said meaningfully: "The mind is far from self-centered". Peace of mind, peace of mind. Without seeking fame and profit, even if you live in a downtown area, it is like being in a mountain. This profound truth was spoken flatly by the poet, which was kind and touching. Poetry skillfully uses symbolism. "The bird is tired of flying, but it knows it's back." The bird that came back in the evening photo and the man who saw the mountain leisurely are in harmony, as if they both found their home in this quiet mountain forest.
There are 2 poems in Tao Yuanming's "Drinking". This group of poems is not a drunken pastime, but a poet's dissatisfaction with reality and his love for rural life on the topic of drinking, in order to escape persecution by getting drunk in a very sinister environment at that time. In the twentieth poem "Drinking", he wrote "But hate is more fallacious, so you should forgive people", which shows his good intentions. Here is the fifth one. This poem is based on emotion, which melts into the scenery and writes the poet's carefree state of mind after he retired to the countryside.
The artistic conception of this poem can be divided into two layers, with the first four sentences as one layer. The poet's feelings after getting rid of the worldly troubles show the poet's thoughts and feelings of disdaining officialdom and not colluding with the rulers. The last six sentences are a layer, writing about the beautiful evening scenery of Nanshan and the infinite fun that poets get from it. It shows the poet's true feelings and noble personality of loving rural life.
Evaluation of "build house is in a human world, but there is no noise of chariots and horses"
Although poets live in a dirty world, they are not bothered by worldly customs. "The noise of horses and chariots" is a portrayal of all kinds of ugliness in the officialdom, such as fighting for each other, fighting with each other and trying to get a job. However, Tao Yuanming's "build house's human condition" is not a very remote place. How can he not hear the noise of chariots and horses? The poet seems to understand the reader's psychology, so he used a rhetorical question "Ask you what you can do" and then answered "I am far from my heart". As long as the mind is far away from the hustle and bustle of those dignitaries, other aspects are naturally not entangled with them. These four sentences contain incisive philosophy of life, which tells us that people's spiritual world can be self-purified. Under certain conditions, as long as they give full play to their subjective initiative, they can change the influence of the objective environment on themselves and find joy in life everywhere. The word "far-minded" reflects the poet's spiritual world, which is beyond dust and refined and has no thoughts of fame and fortune.
Evaluation of "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan"
This is a famous sentence that has been popular for thousands of years. Because of the spiritual realm of "the heart is far away from itself", I will leisurely pick chrysanthemums under the fence and look up at the mountain. It is so comfortable and so extraordinary! These two sentences set off the poet's leisurely mood with the description of objective scenery. The word "carefree" is used beautifully, indicating that what the poet saw and felt was not intended to seek, but met unexpectedly. Su Dongpo praised these two sentences: "The second time I picked chrysanthemums, I happened to see the mountains, but I didn't mean it at first, but I was happy with the situation." The word "see" is also used wonderfully, and "see" is an accidental occurrence. The beautiful scenery of Nanshan just sets off the carefree mood when picking chrysanthemums, synthesizing the "land without me" that I forgot. If you use the word "hope", you will have Nanshan in mind before you look at it intentionally. As a result, you will lose your naive interest in forgetting your plane. What is the beauty of Nanshan, which makes the poet praise it so much? Then there is "the weather is getting better every day, and the birds are returning", which is also the scenery that the poet inadvertently saw. In the beautiful dusk scenery of Nanshan, the birds fly back to the mountains together, and everything is free and adaptable, just as the poet is free from the shackles of officialdom and carefree, and the poet realizes the true meaning of nature and life here. "There is truth in this, and I have forgotten what I want to say." What does the poet realize from the birds of nature, Nanshan, sunset and autumn chrysanthemum? Is it the natural law that everything moves and goes to its proper place? Is it a yearning for an ancient simple and self-sufficient ideal society? Is it a philosophy of life that lets nature take its course? Is it a straightforward and sincere character? The poet didn't express it clearly, but asked questions implicitly for the reader to think about, while he "wanted to distinguish himself and forget his words." If combined with the previous "build house is in a human condition, but there are no chariots and horses", the "true meaning" can be understood as the real meaning of life, that is, life should not be squandered on fame and fortune, and should not be defiled by the filth of officialdom, but should go back to nature and appreciate its infinite freshness and vitality! Of course, this "true meaning" has a great connotation, and the author didn't say it all, and there is no need to say it. These two philosophical summaries give readers endless imagination and are memorable.
The whole poem is written in plain language, lyrical and narrative, with a high degree of unity in form and content. Whether it is to write about the beautiful scenery of Nanshan in the evening, or to express the carefree feelings of seclusion, or to tell the joy of living in the fields, or to tell the true meaning of life, it is both interesting and interesting. Such as "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan" and "the mountains are getting better every day, and the birds are returning", it goes without saying that the famous sentence that combines scenery, emotion and reason is "What can I ask you?" Sentences such as "the heart is far away from self-bias" and "there is a true meaning in it, and I have forgotten what I want to say" are plain, simple and natural, but they also have deep feelings, lofty meanings, meaningful meanings, enduring chewing, and endless reasons and interests.
Twenty Poems of Drinking
In 416 AD, Emperor Wu of Song mobilized the whole country's troops to crusade against the late Qin Dynasty in five ways from east to west. Luoyang was first conquered, and the old capital of the Western Jin Dynasty was recovered. In the second year, he conquered Chang 'an. After a hundred years of vicissitudes, Chang 'an was finally recovered by the Jin army. When the news reached the south of the Yangtze River, the ruling and opposition parties in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were jubilant.
Emperor Wu of Song greatly expanded his personal rights through the Northern Expedition. In order to please Emperor Wu of Song, the imperial court made Emperor Wu of Song a prime minister, in charge of state affairs, and named him Duke Song, and added nine tin to ten counties in the food city, which was above the princes. Emperor Wu of Song pretended to refuse. A discerning person knows at a glance that the court is in the hands of Emperor Wu of Song. If he wants something, the court has to give him something by imperial edict. He wants to be a court, and today's court has to give way to him quickly, which is a matter of time.
that autumn, Tao Yuanming was always unhappy. He had already seen through that the luck of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was exhausted, and it was only a matter of time before Emperor Wu of Song usurped the throne. He was sad and depressed about it all day. As long as the Eastern Jin Dynasty exists, the great-grandfather Tao Kan's achievements will be brilliant and shine on his country. Once the Eastern Jin Dynasty perished, it would be written off. He also thinks that everything is developing and changing, and the rise and fall, honor and disgrace are constantly changing alternately. It is as big as a country and as small as a family. It's no use worrying about these things. Drink more wine and have a good sleep.
as long as Tao Yuanming gets the wine, there is not a night when he doesn't get drunk. He realized that life, like lightning, is fleeting, so he should be magnanimous and carefree. Maybe by drinking, I, Tao Yuanming, can go down in history.
after being drunk, he became very excited about poetry, pulled out a piece of paper at random, wrote his feelings, and waited until he woke up the next day before modifying and polishing it. The written poems are getting thicker and thicker, so let my old friends help me sort out the transcription. A * * * got 2 poems, and Tao Yuanming titled this group of poems "Twenty Drinking Poems". The preface is:
Yu lives in solitude, and is longer than the night, occasionally drinking famous wine, and never drinking at night. Gu Ying was alone and suddenly drunk again. After being drunk, I amuse myself by asking a few questions; There is so much paper and ink that there is no explanation. I told my old friend to write it, thinking it was a laugh.
one of them
is a stray bird that flies alone at dusk.
I wander endlessly, and the sound turns to sadness every night.
Li xiangsi Qingyuan, come to He Yiyi;
because of the value of loneliness, it is loose, and it is far away.
there is no glorious wood in the strong wind, and this shade is unique;
you've got your place, and it's a thousand years' worth.
This poem takes a stray bird as a lonely pine, which means that you live in seclusion and keep your ambition, and you will get a place all your life.
An anxious stray bird is still wandering around at dusk and flying alone. No suitable habitat was found. The night cries sadly, reluctant to go away. Because of the solitary pine, the wings converge and return. The cold strong wind withered all the trees, but the pine trees never died. Like this bird, I finally found my home, which is a thousand years old.
Secondly,
build house is in the human territory, and there are no cars and horses.
what can you do? The heart is far from self-centered.
under the east fence of picking chrysanthemums, you can see Nanshan leisurely;
the weather is getting better every day, and the birds are returning.
there is a real meaning in this. I want to distinguish myself and forget what I said.
(Note: most of the textbooks are the fifth one)
This poem writes that one's heart is far away from the common customs, so one is in the world, and one's heart can feel the true interest beyond the common customs.
Although I build my own house and live in the world, I don't have the hustle and bustle of secular traffic. This is because my heart is far away from worldly customs, so even if I live in a busy city, I will be undisturbed as if I were in a remote place. Su Shi said: "Seeing the mountains, the scenery and the understanding because of picking chrysanthemums is the most wonderful thing." These two sentences mean that I accidentally saw Nanshan, and I felt the true meaning and fun from the scenic spot and carefree mood of Nanshan and my secluded life. At sunset, the mountain scenery is especially good, accompanied by birds. Everything goes with the flow, and there is a deep mystery here. If you want to distinguish it, you can't distinguish it if you forget what you said.
Third
there are thousands of stops, but who knows right and wrong;
right and wrong are compared, and similarity is ruined.
There are many incidents in three seasons, but Da Shi seems to be out of place.
vulgar and foolish, and learn from Huang Qi.
Three seasons refer to the Xia, Shang and Wednesday dynasties. This poem means that since three generations, people have not distinguished between right and wrong, but only followed the trend of the times. The author should go against the secular world, follow the four hermits who lived in Shangshan in Qin Dynasty, such as Huanggong Xia and Qiliji, and live in seclusion.
There are thousands of behaviors of people in the world. Who knows how to call them right and wrong? Some people simply look at the right and wrong from the surface of things, and then praise or slander others. Since the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, there have been many such things, but open-minded people have their own opinions and don't follow suit. The foolish people in the secular world are aggressive, but they can't be the same, so they decide to retire.
fourthly,
autumn chrysanthemum has a good color, and its dew shows its beauty.
it's far from me to forget the worries.
although one cup is alone, the cup is exhausted and the pot pours itself.
when the sun enters the group, the birds return to the forest to sing.
Xiao ao dong Xuan Xia? Get this life back.
The writer of this poem drinks and eats chrysanthemums, keeping away from the world. If the world is far away, you can feel at ease.
Autumn is the best time for chrysanthemums. With dew, pick chrysanthemums and soak them in wine, and the fragrance of chrysanthemums and wine is excellent. Qu Yuan's Lisao said: "When eating Mulan in the morning, it will show up, and when eating autumn chrysanthemum in the evening, it will fall into English." Because chrysanthemum is a product of Ao Shuang, eating chrysanthemum can cultivate one's self-purification. Drinking this wine of forgetting your worries makes your feelings more extraordinary. Although I was drinking chrysanthemum alone, I was in high spirits and didn't drink enough. When the sun goes down, all the movements stop, and the birds return to the forest. I screamed under the east window. And comfortable.
Fifth,
The pine is in the East Garden, and the grass has no posture;
the frost is different, and the branches stand out.
even the forest people don't realize that it is strange to be alone.
carrying a pot to hang a cold branch will restore it when you look far away.
in my dream room, there is nothing to worry about!
some trees, taller than pine trees, hide the majestic posture of pine trees. But when winter comes, all the trees are withered, and only pine trees are more lush. The author should learn the style of pine trees, be faithful and noble in character.
The pine tree is in the East Garden, but the miscellaneous trees have no posture. Wait until Yan first frost, the trees withered, only to see the pine stand upright. This quality is not valued when many pine trees are connected into forests. Lonely and tall, talent is amazing. When you drink alone, you will see from afar. I think of my life as if I were in a dream. How can life be held by the fetters of earthly customs!
the sixth
early in the morning, I smell the door, and I open it backwards.
who and who are you asking? Father Tian has a good heart.
Hu Jiang is far-sighted, and he doubts that I am good with the times.
“? Under the eaves of the wisp of grass, it is not enough to live high.
I'll be in Shang Tong all my life, and I wish you the mud. ".
"I'm deeply impressed by my father's words, and I'm deeply concerned about my anger.
you can learn honestly, but you are not fascinated by yourself!
and * * * enjoy this drink, I can't drive back! "
This poem pretends to ask and answer Tian Fu and himself, to express his firm attitude of lifelong seclusion, and to reply to those who kindly advised him to go to office.
I heard the knocking at the door in the morning, and ran to open it before I got dressed. It turned out that it was a kind old farmer, carrying wine, who came all the way to greet me and comfort me, suspecting that what I did was out of date and against the world. Father Tian said: "rags and huts are not a place to live in high places. The whole society advocates going with the flow, and I hope you can go with the flow." Qu Yuan wrote in Chu Ci? Fisherman said:' The world is muddy, why not gurgle its mud and raise its waves?' "
The poet replied to Tian Fu," Deeply.