The Kaiyuan rule was a prosperous period in the early period of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong (Li Longji) of the Tang Dynasty. Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty reigned for 44 years. In the early period (Kaiyuan period), the politics were relatively clear, he appointed talents, the economy developed rapidly, and culture and education were promoted, which brought great order to the world. The Tang Dynasty entered its heyday and became the most powerful country in the world at that time. It is known in history as the "Kaiyuan Age". "***29 years.
1 Appointing talents After Xuanzong came to the throne, he first appointed Yao Chong and Song Jing as prime ministers, and later appointed Zhang Jiazhen, Zhang Shuo, Li Yuanhong, Du Luo, Han Xiu, and Zhang Jiuling as prime ministers. They each have their own strengths and perform their duties faithfully, making the government full of vitality. Moreover, Xuanzong was able to accept advice humbly at this time, so the politics were clear and the political situation was stable. 2 Reforming the Administration of Officials Xuanzong adopted Zhang Jiuling’s suggestion and formulated a system for the transfer of officials. Select capable people from the capital officials and transfer them as governors and governors to train their abilities and cultivate the administrative experience of Tang Xuanzong Li Longji. At the same time, those who have made achievements among the governors and governors were selected and promoted to officials in the capital. This internal and external interaction has enhanced communication, understanding and trust between the central and local governments. Xuanzong also divided the country into fifteen provinces and placed envoys in each province to supervise local state and county officials and inspect the performance of local officials. In terms of selecting talents, Xuanzong also reformed the imperial examination system and limited the number of people who passed the Jinshi examination to reduce the occurrence of redundant officials and improve the overall quality of officials. 3. Developing the economy. Xuanzong was very frugal during this period. He stipulated that ministers below the third rank and those below the concubine in the inner palace were not allowed to wear ornaments made of gold and jade, and dismissed the palace maids to save expenses. He also ordered that all parts of the country were prohibited from mining pearls, jade and manufacturing brocades, thus changing the extravagant style of the harem since Wu Zetian. He also ordered Yu Wenrong to conduct an inventory of fugitive households and foreign lands across the country. More than 800,000 households were found, which greatly increased the Tang Dynasty's tax revenue and military resources. Because of these measures, the Tang Dynasty's finances became abundant, and the country's granaries were abundant, making prices very cheap.
Specific:
Agriculture: ① Construction of large-scale water conservancy projects. ② Improvement of farming technology: Rice seedling transplantation is widely used. ③The development of tea production: The world's first tea monograph "Tea Classic" appeared in the Tang Dynasty. The author Lu Yu was called the "Tea Saint" by later generations. The practice of drinking tea began to flourish in the Tang Dynasty. ④Improvement of production tools: the emergence of a new agricultural tool - the curved shaft plow; the creation of a new irrigation tool - the barrel cart.
Handicraft industry: ① Silk weaving industry: many varieties of designs and colors, and superb technology. ②Ceramic industry: Yue kiln celadon, Xing kiln white porcelain, Tang Sancai (treasures of world crafts).
Business prosperity: ① Famous metropolises: Chang'an, Luoyang, Yangzhou, Chengdu. ②Chang'an City: The city is divided into squares and cities. The squares are residential areas and the city is a prosperous commercial area. Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, was the center of exchanges between various ethnic groups and an international metropolis. 4. Promote literature and education. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, poetry and poetry became the main content of the Jinshi examination. In order to select talents, newly admitted county magistrates were personally assessed in the palace examination. He was also very kind to Confucian scholars and ordered his ministers to search for the posthumous documents of previous dynasties. He found nearly 50,000 volumes of books, which brought the cultural undertaking of the Tang Dynasty to its peak.
In terms of literature: The Tang Dynasty was the golden period of poetry creation in my country. There are nearly 50,000 poems by more than 2,000 poets that have been handed down to this day.
Representative poets:
①Li Bai (prosperous Tang Dynasty) - "The Immortal of Poetry" ("Early Departure from Baidi City", "The Difficult Road to Shu")
②Du Fu (prosperity-decline)──"Poetic Saint" and "History of Poetry" ("Three Officials" and "Three Farewells")
③Bai Juyi (Middle Tang Dynasty)──"Qin Zhongyin" and "New Yuefu", Poetry reflects reality.
Calligraphy: "Yan Jin Liu Gu"
1. Yan Zhenqing: Created a powerful and honest new calligraphy style, called "Yan style", which is the most accomplished calligraphy in the history of our country after Wang Xizhi. A calligrapher, represented by the "Yan Family Temple Stele" and "Duobao Pagoda Stele". Yan Zhenqing.
2. Liu Gongquan: He drew on the strengths of others and came up with new ideas, forming the "Liu style". His characters are square and majestic, and his bones are strong and strong. It is represented by the "Mysterious Tower Stele".
Painting
1. (Tang Dynasty) Yan Liben: Good at figure painting, represented by "Pictures of Emperors of Past Dynasties" and "Pictures of Stepping Chariots".
2. (Tang Dynasty) Wu Daozi: "The Saint of Painting", pioneered the freehand painting of later generations, and his representative work is "The Picture of the King Seeing His Son Away".
Art Treasure House
Representative: Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu Province (most of them were excavated in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, with murals and colorful statues, which can be called one of the largest art treasure houses in the world) 5 Foreign Military Xuanzong adopted Zhang He proposed that a recruitment system be implemented to replace the increasingly depleted government military system. In 722 AD, he personally selected 120,000 soldiers and strong men as the capital's permanent guards, and they were called "cavalry". He also set up ten military towns in the border areas to use military governors as a measure to rule foreign races and consolidate border defenses.