A brief introduction to the history of fresh fulcrum
Xian Yushu (1256- 130 1) was a famous calligrapher in Yuan Dynasty. The word "machine" is the name of the camp in old age? Sleepy school? , since the number of people trapped in the mountain, also send the old man. His ancestral home was Dexing House in Jin Dynasty (now Zhuolu County, Zhangjiakou) and he was born in Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan). Han nationality, mostly from (now Beijing), is called Yuyang (now Jixian County, Beijing), who once lived in Yangzhou and Hangzhou. Dade six years (1302), served as Taichang canon. During the period from Yuan Shizu to the first year, he was elected as Xuanwei Division of East Zhejiang, and was appointed Taichangdian in his later years.
A Brief Introduction to Xian Yushu's Life
Xian Yushu was born in the first year of Dingzong in Mongolia (1246) and died in the sixth year of Yuan Dade (1302) at the age of 57. (1) Zhao Mengfu was born in Baodi, Song Lizong (1254) and died in Yuan Zhi (1322) at the age of 69. They met in the 15th year of Zhiyuan (1278) and had been in contact for 24 years. Although we are both on the official road, we will always get together to talk about literature and art whenever we have the opportunity. Especially when Zhao Mengfu was on medical leave and Confucianism in Xing Wu and Zhejiang was popularized, the contacts became closer. This paper attempts to outline the whereabouts of Xian Yushu and Zhao Mengfu, so as to clarify the communication process between them.
Xian Yushu and Zhao Mengfu are artistic confidants who appreciate each other. In Zhao Mengfu's words? If it is harmonious, can it be love at first sight? 、? Secretaries have their own strengths? . They're not just? Strange words are all the same, doubt or * * * analysis? And then what? Wonderful Jin Tang Post? 、? Finally get a jade hook? What else? After shaking hands, I am glad to see the color. ? (2) Before Zhao Mengfu arrived in Beijing, Xian Yushu had vigorously promoted Zhao Mengfu to Tian Yan and other relatives and friends, saying that he was simple-looking, visionary and immortal. When Zhao Mengfu was still addicted to Song Gaozong's calligraphy, Xian Yushu once again awakened the dreamer: let him start with the right army. Since then, Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy has made great progress, and his charm and style are among the Jin people, which laid the foundation for him to become a master of the Yuan Dynasty. Both Xian Yushu and Zhao Mengfu are good at guqin. Xian Yushu found the tung tree planted by Xu Jingyang himself. What's the matter? Thunder? 、? Aftershocks? Two guqin, and play? Aftershocks? Send it to Zhao Mengfu.
At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, a special group of literati was active with Hangjiahu as the center, and they often held similar meetings. Ji Ya? Activities. It is a pleasure to talk about art, appreciate calligraphy and painting and listen to guqin together. ? Ji Ya? That place is often the home of rich collectors, and the fresh sleepy study in the pivot seems to be? Ji Ya? One of the centers. Participants include adherents of the Song Dynasty, such as Zhou Mi; There are also officials of the Yuan Dynasty, such as Joe and Qiu Hua. There are famous painters such as Zhao Mengfu and Xian Yushu, as well as collectors such as Zhang Qian.
Xian Yushu's Historical Achievements
There are about 40 kinds of calligraphy works handed down by Xian Yushu, most of which are cursive, mainly ink and wash. His calligraphy should be made by calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty, and then traced back to the two kings in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Solid foundation, good at hanging wrist writing, like to use wolf hair, emphasizing bone strength. His regular script is vigorous, round and vigorous, magnificent and without losing discipline. The running script is rigorous, full of real strength and natural. The cursive script learns from Huai Su and is innovative, with bold brushwork and great boldness of vision.
Wang Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty once said, "He is fresh in learning, negative in material spirit, handsome in appearance and bearded like a father. I have seen him often win by strength, but he lacks posture, just like a man, so he claims that he is gradually losing to Zhao Wuxing. 』
Because of his low official position all his life and often staying at home, Xian Yushu was able to give full play to his artistic talent. Besides being good at calligraphy, he is also a writer and has written many poems. He can also compose music, play the piano well and be proficient in cultural relics appraisal. It is because of his extensive artistic accomplishment and his integration with calligraphy that Fang Shu became a calligrapher. Shu began to learn calligraphy in his early years and failed to be like the ancients. Occasionally, he saw two people pulling a car in the mud in the wild and suddenly realized something. When he writes, he often returns to his wrist with the center, and his pen and ink are smooth, magnificent and ups and downs, and his wine is strange. The axis is fresh, regular script, line style and cursive script are long, especially cursive script. His skill is very solid, he hangs his wrist to write, and his brushwork is strong, and he is the author of "The Collection of Sleepy Learning". Xian Yushu is as famous as Zhao Mengfu, and is also known as the calligraphy circle in Yuan Dynasty? A giant? Still say? Ermiao? 、? Second sister? , but its influence is slightly less than that of Zhao Mengfu.
Historical Evaluation of Xian Yushu's Book
Contemporary Yuan Bao said:? Old people who are tired of learning are good at answering their wrists, so their books are round and energetic, or they can use the Tang method more. However, they have known Ji Bo for 15 or 16 years, and their books are different, which are better than the common books in the world. ? ("Lin Shu made a sword")
Zhao Mengfu appreciated his calligraphy very much. He once said: Yu and his classmate cursive, too far away, are no longer there, and the servants who are called by the world can write. The so-called Buddha-free is the respect. ? And calligrapher Chen Yi once said: In this generation, I am the only one who is good at hanging wrist books. As soon as I asked him, I got angry and stretched out my arm: Dare! Dare! Dare! ? As far as the position in the history of calligraphy or its influence on later generations is concerned, it is really difficult for Xian Yushu to compare with Zhao Mengfu, and his calligraphy works (especially Jieshi tablet) are far less abundant than Zhao Mengfu's. However, since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, there are still many masters who have learned from calligraphy, such as Wu Bian and Dong Fu (both of whom have thousands of words handed down from generation to generation), Feng Fang in the Ming Dynasty (the Shanghai Museum has its "Big Characters with Freshness") and Pan Boying in modern times. This "Wang Anshi's Miscellaneous Poems Volume" was written on February 8 th, Zhiyuan Xinmao, and it was the representative work of Xian Yushu in his early years. Paper book, 50 cm long and 1025 cm wide, once entered the imperial palace and was recorded in Baodi, Shiqu, and is now in the Liaoning Provincial Museum. This volume is written by Xian Yushu for his good friend Xi. According to Jun, Fang was born in Chun 'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang. Song Chun's imperial court was the first, from officials to assistant ministers of the Ministry of War, compiling national history and writing Feng Jiao Collection.