There are many legends about the creation time of Lianchi. Legend has it that the lotus pond was dug in the Tang Dynasty and the Linyi Pavilion was built on behalf of the Tang Dynasty. However, what is really recorded in the history books is the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty.
In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, Baozhou at that time passed through song and yuan war and was in ruins. At that time, Zhang Rou was the King of Runan, stationed in Baozhou, later Baoding, and decided to rebuild the city. When Zhang Rou rebuilt Baoding City, there were four gardens, among which Xiangyuan was owned by it. At that time, it was called "Snow Fragrant Garden" and was regarded as the villa of Qiao Weizhong in Zhang Rou.
Fang Runyuan and Shouchun Garden will be occupied by other departments. Dig the lotus pond and introduce an acre of spring water into the garden. The river enters the pond from the west gate of the city via the west canal, flows out of the lotus pond to the south as the east canal, and flows into the Qingyuan River via the south gate of Chi Pan College in Lianchi. Since the lotus pond was dug, the water in the courtyard has been flowing, and it is crystal clear all year round.
At that time, Wanjuanlou was the library of Jia Fu, the deputy commander. At that time, Zhang Rou was appointed Marshal of Baozhou and Jia Fu was appointed Deputy Commander. Jia Fu loves books and likes to collect books during the war.
The books of the North and the South are all in Houfu, worth tens of thousands of volumes. Store it in the room first, the room is redundant; Store in the hall, the hall is more than enough; This is a building, a hidden building.
At that time, Hao was appreciated by the Jia family, read a lot of poems, became a famous politician and writer in the Yuan Dynasty, and was highly valued by Kublai Khan.
He said in "Wan Juan Lou Ji": "There are many private collections and many secret prisons, so the book after home is the best in the world."
With the decline of the Yuan Dynasty, these families also declined one after another. Their villa was requisitioned for public use in the Ming Dynasty and became the office and rest place for Baoding officials.
1587, Baoding magistrate Cha Zhilong overhauled Lianchi, and specially added a door with the word "Shuijianfu" hanging on it. Because of the lush lotus in the pool, the local people commonly call it "Lotus Pond", hence the name of Lotus Pond, which was officially named "Lotus Pond" in Qing Dynasty.
In the early Qing Dynasty, it was abandoned several times, and its superior geographical location and beautiful garden environment were recognized by the royal family and turned into a royal garden. After a thorough renovation by Fang Guancheng, governor of Zhili, it was officially named "Twelve Scenes of Lianchi", and the development of Lianchi reached its peak. At that time, Lianchi covered an area of about 65,438+000 mu.
The ancient lotus pond garden takes the pond as the main body and Linyi Pavilion as the center. The main buildings are Shuidong Building, Library Pavilion, Zaoyong Hall, Gentleman's Longevity Hall, Qinxiang Pavilion, Gaofenxuan, Hanqing Pavilion, Linyi, Jin Zhuo, Yiran, Buyi, Liu Zhuang, Guanlan Pavilion, Wanhongqiao, Quqiao and Yuan Jian Baishi Bridge.
In the Gulianchi Garden, the Jade Pavilion in Qionglou, ancient and classic cultural relics, precious pearls, exotic flowers and plants, fairy birds and animals, boats and fragrant lotus flowers are intertwined into paintings and poems.
Mountains, water, buildings, terraces, pavilions, halls, pavilions, and uneven terrain constitute the famous twelve scenic spots of Lianchi, which has won the reputation of "City Penglai".
Gentleman Longevity Pavilion is adjacent to the west bank of Beitang, and half of it is built on the water. It is elegant, clean and extraordinary, like a palace in the water. The plaque of "Gentleman's Longevity Hall" hangs high at the main entrance, symbolizing the virtue of a gentleman, such as a lotus flower with mud in the pool, which lasts forever.
The museum is a five-ridged temple-style building with five rooms wide and two rooms deep, surrounded by cloisters. The partition doors and windows are tapestry patterns step by step, and the Soviet-style painted beams and painted buildings are very beautiful.
There are three rooms in front of the main house, which contain Luo Guo Ji Bao Xia, and a platform is built on the water outside Bao Xia. There are rooms in the north and south of the museum, which are called "Small Square Pot" and "Little Penglai", adding its antique, elegant and quiet atmosphere.
Zao Yong Lou is an island in the north and south, which is built in the middle of the water surface of Lianchi. Its north island is very small, which is where the Li Pavilion is located. South Island is connected by Wanhongqiao and North Island, covering an area of about two acres. Overlooking the pond, the two islands divide water.
After this transformation, water flows from the West Canal to the injection pool of Li Ran Bridge, and the natural flow from west to east is divided into two major flows: north and south.
Beiliu flows directly to the east, crossing the curved bridge to the outlet of the East Canal in front of Shuidong Building. Nanxi, from Liran Bridge to the south, crosses Banyan Tree Square, flows around South Island in the west, crosses the pond on the south side of South Island, crosses the Southeast Canal, crosses Cangting to meet Beiliu, and then exits the East Canal.
There are small sluices at the east and west entrances to control and adjust the water quantity in the pool. In this way, the pool water has formed a winding situation, and it has maintained a clear and empty effect all the year round.
Zaoyong Building is located in the southwest of South Island. It "has steep rocks in front, Zhu Fang in the back and water on three sides". Jia Mu helps to embody the steps, and Lingshi helps to extend them. "The building is saddle-shaped, with double eaves and roofs, red columns and bright corridors at the bottom, and fences around it.
Up and down the hall, ribbed windows and brocade curtains. The calligraphy and painting between the walls are all beautiful things, and some of them still exude the fragrance of Ran Ran. At that time, poetry was the wrong place.
From the gallery, you can go directly to Zaoyong Building, where you can look around the pillars and see the scenery in the garden in turn. When the famous scholar Zhang Xuecheng went upstairs to enjoy the scenery, he called it "moving step by step and sighing everywhere!" Praise, architecture, is a comprehensive view of the wonderful purpose of the whole park.
From this, we can imagine the beauty of the architectural name "algae surge". At that time, Zhao Yong's downstairs was called "Jing Cheng Hall", and a plaque with the word "Lishui" was hung on the hall, which was an allusion to "Hai Yue worships the stone".
According to historical records, Mi Fei, a famous calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, once went out to defend Wuwei Junzhou. At the beginning of his tenure, he saw a huge Taihu stone in the yamen, which was ugly in shape. He was overjoyed and said, "that's enough for me to worship!" "
Awe-inspiring, dressed in a right crown, bowing to the water, calling the stone a brother, so this allusion will be passed down to future generations. There are also boulders outside the Jing Cheng Hall, which shows that this is also the meaning of praising stones.
Gao Fenxuan is in the north of the lotus pond and the east of the pavilion. There is a tall Taihu stone in front, engraved with the seal script "Taibao Peak". There are golden cypresses in the west, ancient pagodas and vines in the east, and the roof in front of the pool is covered with tiles.
The porch is two rooms wide, with a corridor inside and a platform extending into the water outside. The north wall of the porch is embedded with the word "dragonfly" inscribed by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty.
According to Chronicle, this porch was a double-decker pavilion in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty, named "Gaofen Garden", which was one of the "Twelve Scenes of Lotus" in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty. It was destroyed by the war and rebuilt as a porch.
Behind the entrance is the stele gallery, which is 33 meters in a circle. There are 82 stone tablets embedded in the inner wall, which are divided into three sections. In the west section/0/4 of Kloc, there are Wang Yangming's Visiting Private Monuments to Painting Songs in Shushan, mostly cursive, including Lohan Zan and Twelve Lotus Ponds. There is a 14 grid in the middle section, mostly cursive, mostly poetry.
There are 42 squares in the eastern section, which is a famous inscription of Chunhuating Iron. There are masterpieces of calligraphy masters such as Zhi in Jin Dynasty, Tang Huaisu and Yan, Yan Zhenqing and Mi Fei in Song Dynasty, Yangming and Dong Qichang in Ming Dynasty.
Qin Xiangting is located in the northwest corner of Lotus Pond Garden, on the west bank of Lotus Pond. There are three pavilions with open corridors on three sides, a bright room in the middle and a straight top. The top of the north and south chambers are inclined to both sides respectively, and the structure is ingenious.
Under the pavilion is a passage for attracting chickens into the pool, named "Qin Xiangxi". This is a geometric pattern with a narrow mouth and a wide bottom. There is a Qinxiang Bridge above, and the water hits the stone and makes a harp-like sound.
Xie Dong is a pavilion, also known as the "Listening to the Qin Building", which makes people relaxed and happy, and is a good place for reading and painting. Qin Xiangting, Qin Xianghe, Qin Xiangqiao and Zhang Zongwei Pavilion form a scene of "Qin Xiang", which is unique in shape and ingenious in conception, and is one of the "Twelve Scenes of the Lotus Pond" in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty.
Lianchi also has a considerable collection of steles and stone statues, most of which are placed in the east stele gallery, wall carving gallery and wooden fence on the south side of Shuidong Building, and some of them are scattered on rockeries, courtyards and buildings in the park, which is a very precious cultural heritage.
As soon as you enter the garden gate, you can see the 19 vertical monument standing in the Eight Monuments Gallery in the east wing of Chunwu Slope. Among them, emperors Qianlong and Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty presented imperial poems to the governor of Zhili when they visited the lotus pond, and there are inscriptions on restoring the lotus pond, establishing academies and setting up palaces since 1587.
There are Inscriptions on Rebuilding Jingting Pavilion, Zhang Zan Monument and Portrait of Zan Monument in Nayancheng Ziguangge collected by Lianchi Management Office, which reflect the historical situation at that time to some extent.
1689, Governor Zhili rebuilt Zhang Martyrs Pavilion in the former site of the park, and wrote an inscription. Arrived at 1849, the Qing court once again erected a monument beside the monument to praise Zhang Shi.
There are six stone tablets in the south wooden sill of Shuidong Building, all of which are cultural relics and treasures moved into Lianchi. At the same time, Tian Wande's political tablet and Wang Yangming's poem tablet have high artistic value of calligraphy.
Tianwan Dezheng Monument was carved in 65438+740 10. The monument is more than ten feet high, with 29 lines and 60 words in each line. It was erected by Yizhou gentry to commemorate Tianwan's "moral policy" when he was transferred from Yizhou secretariat to Anxi Duhu. The tablet was written by Xu and Su Lingzhi.
Su Lingzhi, a martial artist, lived in Kaiyuan and Tianbao in Tang Dynasty and worked as a clerk in Yizhou. His calligraphy skills have a great influence on the present and future generations.
Ouyang Xiu, a writer in the Song Dynasty, praised Su Lingzhi as a monument in the Tang Dynasty. He wrote many inscriptions, but only a few survived. This tablet has handsome calligraphy, natural and smooth brushwork, and combines rigidity and softness. It is one of the important "Tang Monuments" to study the law of calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty in China.
Wang Yangming's Poem Monument is engraved with two cursive scripts written by Wang Yangming when he lived in Lushan Mountain. 1682, when Wang Yangming's ancestral hall was built in the Zhejiang Shaohui Pavilion in Baoding, his disciple Wei Lianlu gave away two original poems he had collected and asked someone to carve them into tablets and stand in the ancestral hall.
This monument is more than a foot high, and it is called "Thunder Poems under the Tianchi Moon":
Last night, there was a faint thunder at the foot of the mountain.
Xiao Lai asked the people at the foot of the mountain that the wind and rain swept into a hut at night.
Yin tablet is a poem sleeping in Tianchi:
Ye Fu is the owner of Castle Peak, and the scenery is rather bleak.
The sun is shining next to the rock, half a cloud, and thunder and rain are falling down the mountain.
Wang Yangming was a famous philosopher in Ming Dynasty, and his calligraphy art was also unique. This monument is large in size, bold in brushwork, rigorous in composition and extraordinary in bearing, and it is integrated with poetry, so it can be called "the double wall of art forest".
Behind these two monuments are the "He Tu Tuan" and "Zheng Xun Monument" carved in Ming Dynasty. The front of the river map group is engraved with a river map, and the back is engraved with a brief list of dynasty changes.
The Political Instructions was written in 1564, when Xu Xiang inspected Baoding. Written by Baoding Magistrate and Qingyuan Magistrate's Association in the House. The inscription is divided into two parts: political exegesis and people's seclusion. The political admonition admonishes parents and officials to know the overall situation in administration, officials should observe subtlety, let the people know the ups and downs, and let the people taste the bitterness.
Yin Min is four poems expressing people's feelings, all of which tell officials to observe people's feelings at any time and be a competent official who is honest and honest, diligent and loves the people.
On the north side of the monument, there are two precious Buddhist scriptures, which are composed of three parts: pen cap, pen body and base, and are well preserved. As an octagonal building, the Dalagni Classic is engraved with Xixia characters. Both buildings were carved by 1502.
Xixia Tangut is one of the ancient ethnic minorities in China. In the early Song Dynasty, Xixia Kingdom was established in the northwest of China, which lasted for 200 years. /kloc-at the beginning of the third century, Genghis Khan conquered Xixia in the west. After the Yuan Dynasty unified China, the Tangut was listed as one of the Semu people.
The Ming court also absorbed some semu people to participate in national political affairs. On the other hand, the policy of prohibiting intermarriage and encouraging assimilation with the Han nationality was implemented, so the ethnic group gradually migrated to the mainland. However, there is a process of assimilation, and the Tangut retains its own customs and uses its own characters for a long time.
The discovery of Jingzhuang proves that Dangxiang did not disappear until the middle of Ming Dynasty. Judging from the nearly 100 surnames involved in Wenzhuang, there are both Han surnames and Tangut surnames, and some Tangut people also hold certain official positions, which reflects the final integration of this nation and Han nationality at this stage.
There are 33 half-wall corridors in the west of Zhuojinting, with 82 stone carvings embedded in three sections. The main body is Fa Tie, a famous Lianchi Academy. After the South Building of the Academy was burned down in the late Qing Dynasty, these stone carvings were embedded in the wall of the Half Gallery. Among the Tibetan stone carvings in Lianchi Garden, most French titles are gathered here.
lotus pond