Classical Chinese Translation of Preface to Lanting Collection
In the ninth year of Yonghe, in early March, we will meet in Lanting, Yin Shan, Huiji County, in order to handle affairs. Many talented people gather here, young and old. Lanting Group has towering peaks, lush trees and tall bamboo forests. There is also a clear and swift stream, shining around the pavilion. We painted the stream as winding water and sat next to it. Although there is no grand occasion of playing music, drinking some wine and writing some poems is enough to describe that hidden feeling.
On this day, the weather is fine, the air is fresh and the weather is sunny. Look up at the vastness of the universe, look down at many things on the earth, broaden your horizons and broaden your mind. It's really happy.
People associate with each other and spend their lives quickly. Someone talks about ambition indoors; Some people live a carefree life with passion. Although they have their own hobbies, quiet and restless are different, but when they are happy with what they touch, they will feel complacent for a while. I feel very happy and satisfied, and I don't even know that aging is coming. When you are tired of what you get or love, your feelings will change with things, and so will your feelings. What I used to like, in an instant, has become an old trace, but I can't help feeling because of it. Besides, the length of my life depends on nature, and finally it comes down to extinction. The ancients said, "Life and death are important things after all." How can it not make people sad?
Whenever I see the reasons for the feelings of my predecessors, the reasons are consistent, and it is inevitable that I will feel sad and incomprehensible when reading the articles of my predecessors. It turns out that it is wrong to equate life and death, and it is wrong to equate longevity and short life. It is sad that future generations look at people today just as people today look at their predecessors. So write down the people who attended the meeting one by one and record the poems they made. Even though times have changed, things have changed, but the reasons for people's feelings are the same. Future readers will also be deeply touched by the poems of this gathering.
Summary of knowledge points of Lanting set order in senior one.
First, basic common sense
1, On Preface and Postscript Style
Put it at the beginning of the volume as a preface, also called a preface; Put it at the end of the paper as a postscript or postscript.
Some prefaces were written by the author or editor himself, while others were written by others. Its content and function are mostly to explain the situation and purpose of writing or compiling, to elaborate some viewpoints, to introduce or evaluate works, etc.
The genre of preface, such as the preface of books, tables and biographies in Historical Records, is to sum up historical lessons and express the author's views and attitudes towards people and things. The History of the New Five Dynasties compiled by Ouyang Xiu, among which Biography of Lingguan belongs to this category.
Prefaces with more lyrical elements are mostly poems. For example, Li Bai's Preface to the Spring Banquet in Zi Di Tao Li Yuan and Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection.
Postscript or postscript is generally a supplement to the preface, mostly simple and steep, not as detailed and rich as the preface.
In addition, there is a kind of preface in ancient times, which is a style of parting words. For example, Song Lian's Preface to Sending Ma Sheng to Dongyang. It should be strictly distinguished from the book list.
2. Introduction of Wang Xizhi
Wang Xizhi (32 1-379) was a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Linyi (now Shandong) was born in Yinshan, Huiji, Zhejiang. He used to be the literature and history of the Right Army and the literature and history of Huiji, so he is known as Wang Youjun. Gong's calligraphy, especially regular script and running script, is called "the sage of calligraphy". His "Preface to Lanting Collection" post is beautiful and vigorous. "Critics call it a gesture, thinking it is like a floating cloud and agile." It is known as "the best running script in the world". Other influential works include Le Yi Lun and Seventeen Posts. His son Wang Xianzhi is also a famous calligrapher. His father and son are equally famous and are called "two kings" and "two saints" by the world.
3. Writing background
Xiu, an ancient custom. On the third day of the first lunar month (after Wei, it was designated as March 3), we went swimming at the water's edge to eliminate the ominous, also called "Spring Festival". It is said that on March 3rd, 9th, Yonghe, Eastern Jin Dynasty, the weather was clear and the sky was clear in Wan Li. Wang Xizhi, Xie An, Sun Chuo and other 465,438+0 celebrities were drinking and having fun in Yinshan Lanting. In fact, it can also be regarded as a poetry meeting held by them in the name of "Xiumao". Celebrities and gentlemen, happy, winding water, gentle songs, very comfortable. Facing Gao Peng's best friend, Wang Xizhi wrote the preface of "peerless" and exquisite calligraphy.
Second, the language.
1, interchangeable words
Although the interests are different, the degree of silence is different.
After seeing today, it is also from today's view of the past to Tong Youde.
2. Different meanings of ancient and modern times
Maolin xiuzhu ancient: changjin; Common meanings are "repair" and "modification"
Next to the ancient: next to the water: often used for poor quality.
Or take the ancient embrace: double word, "he" sound today: vulgar means the public.
I didn't know that old age was coming to an end: read Zeng, now: read Zeng as the surname.
Revive the past, the past and the present; Take justice as the direction together.
End the past: up to now: I didn't mean it.
I will also be impressed by svengu: today's articles: commonly used means elegance, but also refers to culture or literati.
3. Flexible use of parts of speech
First, adjectives as nouns
A group of smart people are smart people.
Young people, old people.
B, adjectives as verbs
Peng Qi's wound is considered an equal lie.
C, nouns as verbs
Left and right surround of video tape
Drink one cup after another
D. numerals as verbs
It is the same to know that a dead life is a virtual birthday.
4. Polysemy
Sit by the water.
He also ordered Wu to be stationed next to the temple, his place.
Where the method of using troops is the first in the country, the second in the country.
The rest of the ship is progressing slowly.
So, if you are pregnant, you will feel good about it.
People who cheat horses are not good enough, but they lead to thousands of miles.
If you are poor, you can't get a book to read.
This person can be seen, and not bending is also inviting.
There are mountains here, and the forest is high with bamboo.
The situation is short-lived, and the longer the last period, the better.
Lazy people can't fix it, and evasive people are afraid of others' learning and progress.
It is a story that has been repaired and slandered, and it is a story that has been praised and destroyed.
The situation is short and short, the last period is complete, and
If you don't expect to repair the past, you can always count on it and ask for more happiness.
It will rain heavily, the road will be blocked, and the time limit has passed.
5, the use of function words
Therefore, pregnancy is also a reason.
Therefore, it is enough to be extremely audio-visual and entertaining.
I know it's so far away from the children that I won't say anything.
Looking up at the universe and overlooking the prosperity of the category.
I didn't know that old age was coming, so I used it between subject and predicate to cancel the independence of sentences.
And its tired verbs.
Every time I look at the auxiliary words of past people's feelings.
Third, understanding and analysis.
1, structural context
(A) Syria banquet grand occasion
(1) account number-time, place, person and thing
(2) Write about landscapes-mountains, forests, bamboo, water and climate;
(3) Grand occasion-a paddle and a swim.
(4) Feeling-believe in cola.
(B) hair life sentiment
(1) The way to treat people.
A static call in a room
Dynamic degradation.
(2) Express feelings
Shorten adaptation, and finally end.
A matter of life and death.
(3) the gist of the Ming sequence
(1) Deny the nihilistic outlook on life ―― The dead life is a false birth, and Peng Qi's sadness is an illusion.
(2) Writing motivation-"People who look back will feel gentle"
2. Understanding of key sentences
"I am very happy about this. It has become a thing of the past between pitches. I still have to enjoy it, and the situation will be short and short, and I will be exhausted. "
"I'm glad for it" refers to what I liked before, that is, what I was "happy" before; "Between pitching and pitching, it is a past tense", saying that its former happiness has instantly become a past tense; "I can't help it" is a double negative, which means I can't help it; "Circumstances are short and short, and all shall be well, jack shall have Jill", which means that no matter the length of life, death is inevitable after all.
The whole sentence is a compound sentence with a progressive relationship ... still ... not to mention ... ".
First, this sentence is related to Lanting Party. Nowadays, people are "happy with what they meet, temporarily satisfied with themselves, self-sufficient soon, and never know that old age is coming" and "tired of what they have". Emotion moves with the times, and emotion is two attitudes; The second is to introduce "life and death", which is the discussion center of the whole paper, with "short and short feelings, eventually exhausted"
"A dead life is a false birthday, and Peng Qi is a mistake."
The View of Life and Death and the Sorrow of Peng Qi are Zhuang Zhou's views on human life and death. "The only way is to die, and the only way is to die." "The world is nothing more than late autumn, although Mount Tai is small; Mo Shou is a martyr and Peng Zu is a martyr. " Zhuangzi believes that there is no absolute boundary between life and death, long life and short life, but they are relative. This book is good, but he exaggerates the theory of relativity so much that he denies the difference between life and death and thinks that life and death are the same. Peng Zu, who is 800 years old, is no different from those who died young, which is obviously absurd. In the third paragraph, Confucius' view of life and death is also great, and the absurdity of Zhuangzi's view of life and death and Peng Qizhi's sadness is explained by the exclamation that the ancients, present people and future generations were born for impermanence.
3. Writing characteristics
(1) The perfect combination of narration, description, lyricism and discussion.
The first paragraph is narrative and description, and the second and third paragraphs are discussion and lyricism. First describe the meeting of Lanting, describe the landscape, then turn from joy to sadness, discuss life and death, and express feelings. Writing practice is natural.
(2) Use the topic and aim high.
The Preface to Lanting Collection is a poetry collection for feasting, and the author shows his view on life and death by prefacing it. He also criticized that there was a nihilistic tendency at that time and advocated metaphysics. Make this article ambitious and extraordinary.
Fourth, supplementary expansion.
1, supplementary explanation
(1) "Life and death are more important": Zhuangzi. "De Chongfu": "Zhong Ni said:' Life and death are also big, and we cannot change with it; Although heaven and earth fall, they will not fall; Judge whether there is no mistake and don't move with things, but also change things and keep their Sect. "Tao is the master of all things and will not change with external things (including human life and death).
(2) "Life and death" and "Peng Qi" are not Zhuangzi's original words. Zhuangzi's original words were: "Don't you regret knowing your husband and dying?" "Mo Shou died, Peng Zu died." (See Zhuangzi. Homogeneous object theory)
(3) Origin-This article has the phrase "take this as a transfer". In ancient China, there was an elegant custom of singing poems while drinking. At the source of the river, the current is shallow and small, and only glass can float. Xunzi. Zilu: "What did Chu Jiang do before? The mountain, when it starts, can originate. " Then use this metaphor to describe the beginning of things. For example, the ballads in Chu Ci can be regarded as the source of China's five-character poems.
2. Knowledge expansion
(1) Dongchuang-Wang Dao, a famous soldier in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is Wang Xizhi's uncle. Liu Yuxi's poem "Wuyi Xiang" said: "In the old days, Xieyan Wang flew into the homes of ordinary people." Wang refers to Wang Dao's family. Book of Jin The Biography of Wang Xizhi said: "Jian made his protege seek guidance from his son-in-law (Wang Dao) and instructed him to visit his children in the East Wing. When his apprentice came back, Chi Jian said, "The Wangs are few but good. However, once I listened to it, I became salty and reserved. I'm the only one eating in the East Bed, but I can't smell it. "Jian Yue:' This is a good husband and evil!' Visiting it is also a good thing. So I married my wife. "Later, because the son-in-law called' East Bed', it was also called' belly'.
(2) Preface to Lanting ―― Emperor Taizong Li Shimin loved Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. After trying every means to get the "Lanting Preface" post, I couldn't put it down and often "read it every day". Ten years of chastity, let Feng Chengsu, in the south of the city? Sui Liang and others copied ten books to reward recent ministers. After his death, his original works were brought into Zhaoling as funerary objects. So what we are seeing now is the first-class products of the Tang Dynasty. Feng Chengsu's copy is the most vivid and influential in the Tang Dynasty. It is also called "Dragon Book" because it is printed with the title "Dragon" of Li Xian, Tang Zhongzong.
(3) Read Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting after class and compare the similarities and differences between the two prefaces.
Knowledge Point Arrangement of Preface to Lanting Collection in Classical Chinese
First, interchangeable characters
1. Fun is different ("fun" means "go and get")
2. Yanwu is in a room ("Wu" means "face to face")
Second, the different meanings of ancient and modern times
(1) is Japanese (it is ancient meaning: it refers to the pronoun "this"; Modern meaning: judging verb, yes)
2 Maolin Xiuzhu (Xiu: ancient meaning: dragon; Modern significance: refers to construction and treatment)
3 What? A href = '/ Wen Xue/zawen/'target =' _ blank' > Chop the composition for a long time? Yu Hanpong, brown and beautiful, called Chu Hanhan? Thief? Leftovers? /p & gt；
4 believe in cola (letter: ancient meaning: refers to reality; Modern meaning: refers to letters)
⑤ What I like (to: ancient meaning: refers to the past; Meaning: refers to the direction)
6. Sit beside (time: ancient meaning: refers to the side, the water's edge; Modern meaning: refers to poor order or quality)
⑦ and its location (and: ancient meaning: refers to waiting; Today's meaning: a conjunction indicating a coordinate relationship, and)
8 I don't know that old age is coming (once: ancient meaning: meaning now: meaning the past)
Pet-name ruby will also feel sven (sven: ancient meaning: the poem of this gathering; Modern meaning: elegance)
Third, the flexible use of parts of speech
(a) Nouns as verbs
(1) A hymn (drinking)
(2) Left and right sides of reflection band (band: around)
(b) verbs as nouns
Enough audio-visual entertainment (audio-visual: eyes and ears)
Verb causative
(1) is regarded as running water (flowing: making ...)
(2) You still have to be happy with it (Xing: make ... Xing, make ...)
(d) adjectives as nouns
(1) A group of wise men can achieve (saints: virtuous people, wise men)
(2) xiaojiu salty (xiaojiu: young people, young people)
(3) There is no string of prosperity (prosperity: a lively scene)
(5) Adjective conation
The tragedy of (1) is an illusion (Qi: treatment ... is equal and the same)
(2) When he is happy with what has happened to him (Xin: He is happy with …, he is happy with …)
(6) The conation of numbers
Knowing that a dead life is a fake birthday (1: treat ... the same)
(7) Adverbs as verbs
Enough audio-visual entertainment (extreme: enjoy it)
Fourth, the word is polysemy.
1
(1) the existing volume (verb, meaning "go, arrive")
(2) Be happy with it (pronoun, meaning "What am I happy about ... is a thing of the past")
(3) the relationship between wives (eliminating sentence independence)
(4) Very audio-visual entertainment (structurally assisted and objective)
5] Zhile (syllable auxiliary word, no translation)
Second maintenance
(1) Maolin Xiuzhu (meaning "Gao")
(2) The illness should be shortened (long and short refers to the length of life)
(3) Rebuilding Yueyang Tower (meaning "building").
(4) repairing war tools (meaning "control and management")
3 although
Although interesting (though, conjunctions)
Although the world is different (even, conjunctions)
4 Yu
(1) Meeting in Lanting (meaning "you, preposition") in Huiji Mountain.
(2) Be happy with what you have met (meaning "yes, preposition")
(3) End in the end (meaning "to, preposition")
5 arrive
(1) take it for granted that it is a waste of water (meaning "ba, preposition")
(2) It is also possible to talk about love (meaning "used, preposition")
(3) I still want to enjoy it (meaning "reason, preposition")
6 yi
(1) If a contract (together)
(2) One result is the same (same)
(3) knowing that death and life are false (verb, regarded as the same)
(4) Chant (Yes, it means pointing, but ...)
Yanwu is in a room (No.1)
Verb (abbreviation of verb) special sentence pattern
A verdict.
(1) Life and death are also great (semantically, it constitutes a judgment)
(2) Firmly believe that life and death are fake birthdays, and the destruction of Peng Qi is a mistake.
(3) It leads to one thing.
(2) Inverted sentences
1. Adverbial Postposition
(1) Lanting, the meeting site, is located in Huiji Mountain.
(2) When he is satisfied with what he has encountered.
(3) Finally.
(4) can't compare with the chest.
5] I will also feel gentle.
2. Attributive postposition
(1) Look up at the universe.
(2) Look down on the prosperity of categories.
(3) Although there is no string of silk and bamboo,
elliptical sentence
1, (everyone) ranked second (Yu)
2, (people) lead (it) to (it) like running water.
3, (more than) within one room
4. Wild (outside the skeleton)
Different meanings of ancient and modern times
1. Secondly,
Ancient meaning: Qi, pronoun, refers to Qushui. Second, next to the water. Take the second place.
Today's meaning: ① After the second time; Second. (2) secondary status.
Be gentle
Ancient meaning: the poem of this meeting. For example, I also feel gentle.
The meaning of today: elegance; Culture or literati.
hug
Ancient meaning: aim high.
Today's meaning: ① Hold it in your arms; ② chest; 3 in my heart; 4 plan.
Step 4 think
Ancient meaning: regard ... as. Lead (it) to (it) like running water.
Meaning: thinking.
5. Therefore
Ancient meaning: ① Used. For example, so the tourism enthusiasm is full; (2) The reason is ... So, I am happy.
Today's meaning: ① conjunctions indicating causality; (2) Real reason or appropriate action (only used as an object in fixed phrases).
promote sales
Ancient meaning: short description time; Modern significance: bow your head and raise your head.
7. Types
Ancient meaning: things, things. Refers to the present significance of all things in the world: the types of things.
Related to idioms
A group of talented people, crossing mountains and mountains, wander in vain, keep pace with the times, move with emotion and enjoy the scenery.
Summary of knowledge points of Lanting collection sequence and related articles:
★ Lanting Collection Preface Classical Chinese Knowledge Point Arrangement
★ Lanting Ji Xu College Entrance Examination Knowledge Point Arrangement
★ Summary of knowledge points in Preface to Lanting Collection of Senior One Chinese.
★ People's Education Edition, two classical Chinese knowledge points for compulsory Chinese in senior one.
★ Translation of Key Sentences in Lanting Collection Order