Grading standard of art theory volume a
1. Description: (5 points for each question, ***50 points)
1. What is an art school?
Art school refers to an art school composed of artists with similar ideological tendencies, aesthetic concepts, artistic tastes and creative styles. They should not only have a clear artistic concept, but also have specific creative practice, artistic achievements and outstanding representatives.
2. What is the content of a work of art?
The content of a work of art refers to the external objective world and the internal subjective world of human life that have been selected, refined, processed and transformed by artists. Its constituent factors include theme, theme, characters, emotions, environment and other factors, among which the most important constituent factors are theme and theme.
3. What is art criticism?
Art criticism is an important part of artistic activities, and it is a scientific activity to rationally analyze, evaluate and judge artistic works, all artistic activities and artistic phenomena.
4. What are the main ways of art communication?
There are three main ways of art communication, namely, live communication, exhibition communication and mass communication.
5. What is aesthetic education?
Aesthetic education, that is, aesthetic education, refers to the implementation of education in an aesthetic way, aiming at improving people's aesthetic feeling ability, aesthetic creativity and aesthetic taste, thus improving people's personality and the overall quality of the whole nation. Art education is the core of aesthetic education and the main way to implement aesthetic education.
6. What is humor in art?
Humor is a unique form of comedy, which externalizes the complicated factors of beauty and ugliness in content and form into straightforward and funny forms. Laughter caused by humor is often slightly ironic.
7. What are the significance and artistic features of calligraphy?
Calligraphy is an art form combining words and lines, which mainly shapes and expresses the aesthetic taste of the subject through pen and ink, structure and line combination. The basic characteristics of calligraphy art are: (1) lines and combinations; (2) concreteness and abstraction; (3) Emotion and symbol.
8. What is the aesthetic effect of art appreciation?
Aesthetic effect is the result of specific operation of art appreciation activities, and it is also the function and purpose of art appreciation. The most significant aesthetic effect of art appreciation activities is that it can produce * * * sounds; The second is to cultivate the feelings of the appreciator and purify the soul; The third is to deepen people's philosophical thinking and improve people's spiritual realm.
9. What is the materialization and expression of artistic creation?
That is to say, the artist transforms the artistic image that has been basically formed in the artistic conception into an artistic symbol that can be expressed in materialized form, making it a concrete, stable and sensible artistic image, artistic modality or image system.
10, what is the significance and artistic characteristics of sculpture?
Sculpture is an art that directly uses materials and creates artistic works with three-dimensional images in three-dimensional (three-dimensional) space by carving or shaping. The basic characteristics of sculpture art are: (1) the unity of materials and techniques; (2) The integration of modeling and concept.
2. Short answer: (each question 10, ***50)
1. Briefly describe the relationship between art and religion. (key points)
Art and religion were integrated in the early stage, and they also had a very close relationship in the later development process. They have similarities in the way of understanding and mastering the world. Religion has used art to publicize religion for a long time, which objectively promoted the development of art, and at the same time, art is constantly affecting religion. However, because of its anti-scientific nature, religion and art are essentially different.
2. Briefly describe the relationship between artistic subject and object. (key points)
In artistic creation activities, artistic subject and artistic object are a pair of important categories, and the movement form between them determines the overall trend of artistic creation; Artistic subject refers to the cognition and practitioner with certain creative ability, which is formed in the social and historical practice of artistic activities and corresponds to the aesthetic object. The artistic object is an objective aesthetic thing opposite to the artistic subject, and it is the object that the artistic subject knows and practices. The artistic subject has dynamic creativity; The artistic subject needs to have certain aesthetic and artistic creation ability; The mutual communication and interaction between artistic creation subject and artistic object is the core of artistic activities. The mutual communication between them is two-way, and the subject should be in the main aspect of contradictory unity.
3. Briefly describe the thinking in images in artistic activities.
Thinking in images is a main way of thinking adopted by artists in the whole process from discovering life and experiencing life to carrying out artistic conception, forming artistic images and thoughts and materializing them into artistic images. Thinking in images has strong concreteness, emotion, creativity and integrity. It takes concrete images as the main material of thinking, and emotions as the medium and motivation of thinking, which embodies a strong creative color and the artist's overall grasp of things.
4. Briefly describe the sublimity in artistic creation. (key points)
Sublime is produced under the historical conditions that the subject of practice has put forward the historical requirements of understanding, conquering and mastering the real object, and it has been or will be realized. The sublime feature is that the real object overwhelms the subject of practice; Its essence lies in the repressed practice subject, which fully stimulates the initiator's essential strength and turns to conquer and master (or tend to conquer and master) the object. Sublime is not the static beauty of the harmonious unity of subject and object, but the dynamic beauty of the unity of opposites and conflicts. Here, the manifestation of human's essential strength is a process in which the practical subject forces the real object to be unified with it.
5. Briefly describe the qualities and abilities that an artist should possess (key points).
What an artist should have: (1) progressive world outlook and aesthetic tendency; (2) a wide range of knowledge; (3) profound thoughts; (4) Rich emotions and independent personality.
The aesthetic creativity that an artist should possess: (1) keen perception; (2) rich imagination;
(3) Exquisite artistic skills.
Three. Discussion: (25 points for each question, ***50 points)
1, discuss the significance and characteristics of artistic production (key points)
Artistic production is different from ordinary material production, not based on practical purposes, nor is it like ordinary spiritual production. It is a pure theoretical deduction and conceptual demonstration, but an activity that permeates people's subjective spirit and aesthetic consciousness into the production process and materializes it into aesthetic products. Artistic production is the unity of spiritual production and material production.
Artistic production is an artistic creation and production activity by means of aesthetic thinking and aesthetic materialization. Artistic production is an important aspect of artistic mastery and the unity of spiritual practice and material practice in artistic creation. Artistic production includes artistic creation and artistic production. Artistic production covers the process of artistic thinking, but it cannot replace the way of artistic thinking. The way of artistic thinking is mainly to know and reflect the object world, and artistic production is mainly to change and create the object world.
Because artistic production has the basic characteristics of both spiritual production and material production, the general laws of spiritual production and material production must be followed in the production process; Because artistic production has many characteristics different from spiritual production and material production, artistic production can not completely follow the general laws of spiritual production or material production, but should follow the laws closely related to spiritual production and material production. The law of artistic production is an important part of the overall law of art and one of the various laws of artistic activities. The law of artistic production is the general law of creating aesthetic products under the guidance of artistic law, following the basic principles of spiritual production and material production, and in accordance with the law of beauty and the requirements of artistic characteristics. Artistic production has the following characteristics: first, the unity of spirituality and materiality. Second, pay equal attention to aesthetic attributes and commodity attributes; Third, the combination of creativity and technology. Fourth, the intersection of individual production and collective production.
2. Discuss the aesthetic features (points) of artistic conception.
First, scene fusion. It can also be divided into two types. First, the scene is affectionate, that is, the scene is affectionate; Second, look at the scenery in love, that is, "emotional scenery." (6 points)
Second, emptiness and reality are a natural pair. The combination of reality and reality is people's creation and pursuit of harmonious and beautiful artistic conception. Artistic conception should be the result of mutual transformation and integration between the real world and the virtual world. (6 points)
Thirdly, meaning and context are harmonious. In other words, the aesthetic spirit and life consciousness sublimated by the subject in artistic activities are in harmony with the rich aesthetic atmosphere constructed in the works. (6 points)
Fourth, the charm is endless. Refers to the charm, interest and taste that make people get the infection of beauty in the artistic conception. It can also be expounded from the aspects of ethereal, flying and implicit. (7 points)
Grading standard of art theory B test paper
I. Description: (5 points for each question, ***50 points)
1, what is inspiration?
Inspiration or inspirational thinking refers to a special mental state and way of thinking produced by artists due to the high excitement of cerebral cortex in their creative activities. It is an epiphany and sudden way of thinking that produces new concepts and new images on the basis of certain abstract thinking and image thinking. Inspiration thinking has the characteristics of suddenness, supernormality and perishable.
2. What is artistic style?
Artistic style refers to the overall representative characteristics of artistic creation, which is a unique artistic style formed by the subjective characteristics of artists and the objective characteristics of works. Style is gradually formed by artists in their creative practice. It is the expression of an artist's creative thought through a unique artistic form, and it is the basic feature and creative personality of an artist in all his works. Style is an important symbol of an artist's maturity.
3. What is art communication?
Art communication is a process in which artistic information moves, changes and spreads in time and space, and achieves the purpose of publicity or socialization. Art information, recipients, communicators and media (or with communication effect) are indispensable basic elements for the formation and operation of art communication.
4, * * Ming
* * * Ming means that in the process of appreciation, the viewer is moved by the thoughts, feelings, ideals and fate of the characters in the work, thus forming a strong telepathic state. Appreciators of different times, classes and nationalities may have the same or similar aesthetic feelings when appreciating the same work of art, which can also be called * * * Ming.
5. What is an artistic model?
Artistic typicality refers to those highly typical image systems in artistic works, including typical characters and typical environments, in which typical characters are the main body of artistic typicality and typical personality is the core of typical characters.
6. What is the significance of architectural art and its aesthetic characteristics?
Architecture is a combination of practicality and aesthetics. It takes modeling, line, color, texture, decoration and spatial combination as languages to construct the modeling and spatial art of three-dimensional images. The basic characteristics of architecture are: (1) pursuing the formal beauty of modeling; (2) personification of environment; (3) Multiple symbolic meanings.
7. What is artistic conception?
Artistic conception refers to the supreme state in which the artistic image or situation is mixed with the scene and the reality and reality coexist, which can contain and express profound philosophy of life and universal consciousness. It is the organic unity of subjective emotion and objective image. (5 points)
8. What is the aesthetic value of art?
The aesthetic value of art refers to the objective social attribute that can satisfy people's aesthetic needs and arouse people's aesthetic feelings in the generation of the aesthetic relationship between the object and the aesthetic subject.
9. What is tragedy?
Tragedy is a category closely related to sublimity but different from each other. The aesthetic feature of tragedy is the process that the contradictory struggle between subject and object tends to be unified, that is, the practical subject embodying human essential strength is temporarily denied and finally affirmed, while the practical subject representing the historical development direction is temporarily frustrated and finally wins.
10 music
Music is a kind of performance art that takes human voice or instrumental sound as material and creates aesthetic situation in the flow of time through organized music. Music takes melody, harmony, orchestration and polyphony as the basic means, and expresses people's aesthetic feelings for the purpose, which has strong emotional expression. Melody is the most expressive factor. The basic characteristics of music art: (1) surging emotions; (2) Freedom of imagination; (3) symbolic meaning.
2. Short answer: (each question 10, ***30)
1. Briefly describe the relationship between art and economy (key points)
Historical materialism holds that the mode of production of material life restricts the whole process of social life, political life and spiritual life, and the development of economic base has a strong restriction and influence on ideology. Generally speaking, the restriction and influence of economy on art is not very direct, and it often goes through some intermediary links. This intermediary includes political, social and emotional factors. It is with the help of these intermediaries that art, as an important aspect of the spiritual life of the times, is restricted and influenced by the economic base. At the same time, with the help of these intermediaries, art exerts influence on the economic base. While emphasizing the restrictive and decisive role of economy in art, we should also see that the rise and fall of economy and art are closely related, but they are not mechanical causality. The view that art will prosper when the economy is prosperous, and that art will decline when the economy is declining is unfounded.
2. Briefly describe the process of art appreciation. (key points)
Art appreciation can generally be divided into three links. First of all, art appreciation often begins with the perception of the external formal beauty of art works, and the appreciator's discovery and feeling of the external formal beauty of art works are mainly carried out through feeling and perception; Secondly, the appreciation and experience of the image and emotion of works of art are realized mainly through people's association and imagination; Thirdly, aesthetic comprehension means that the appreciator makes a deeper understanding, recognition and evaluation of the meaning, thought and realm contained in artistic works and artistic images with his own thinking and rational judgment.
3. Briefly describe the methods of art classification. (key points)
According to the way of existence of works of art, art can be divided into time art (music, literature, etc. ), space art (painting, sculpture, etc. ) and space-time art (drama, film and television, etc.). ) (2.5 points); Based on the perception of works, art can be divided into auditory art (music, etc. ), visual arts (painting, sculpture, etc. ) and audio-visual arts (drama and film) (2.5 points); According to the reflection of artistic works on the objective world, art can be divided into reproduction art (painting, sculpture, literature, etc. ), performance art (music, dance, architecture, etc. ) and copying performance art (drama, film and television) (2.5 points); According to the materialized form of artistic works, art can be divided into dynamic art (music, dance, drama, film and television) and static art (painting, sculpture, architecture, craft, etc.). (2.5 points).
4. Briefly describe the antics in artistic activities.
The typical forms of comedy are artistic comedies, cross talks and cartoons. Funny focuses on highlighting the real existence of human essential strength in the direct denial of ugliness. When the subject of practice has been in a dominant position in the contradictory struggle, the realistic object as the opposite of the subject of practice has been or will be defeated, thus becoming something that has lost its foundation of existence and an object that can be teased and manipulated at will. The work makes people laugh because of the sharp contradiction and disharmony between its content and form, as well as the falsehood of its form.
5. Briefly describe the conception of artistic creation and the formation of images. (key points)
Artistic conception refers to the process that artists create and generate artistic images on the basis of artistic experience and artistic discovery, guided by specific creative motives and mediated by various psychological activities and artistic expressions. In the process of conceiving different forms of artistic works, the differences of artistic image and its formation process are revealed. Artistic image is an artistic image or situation existing in the concept of subject, which is formed by combining the aesthetic emotion of subject, aesthetic comprehension and the objective aesthetic image grasped by the artist in the process of conception, with certain artistic expression and language as the medium. Artistic conception mainly includes synthesis, deformation, empathy and conception.
Three. Discussion: (25 points for each question, ***50 points)
1. On the relationship between inheritance and development in artistic activities. (key points)
In its development process, the internal structure of art is inherited, which reflects the continuity of social ideology and people's aesthetic concepts.
The historical inheritance of art is first manifested in the inheritance and acceptance of national artistic heritage.
The historical inheritance of art is also manifested in the inheritance and reference of outstanding cultural heritage of other nationalities and countries.
The historical inheritance of art is highlighted in the form and skills, content, aesthetic concept and creative method of art. First of all, it is reflected in the form of art. After several years and the efforts of countless artists, the basic formal characteristics of various arts have gradually matured and improved. Secondly, in terms of content, the inheritance of art is also obvious; Thirdly, this historical inheritance has more potential and plays a leading role in the whole artistic tradition, which is manifested in national aesthetic concepts and creative methods. (13)
The process of artistic development is a process of constantly bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new, and inheritance and innovation are closely linked. Without inheritance, there will be no innovation. Without innovation, inheritance can only be empty talk. In this pair of categories, inheritance is the means and innovation is the purpose.
Innovation is innovation on the basis of inheritance. In order to innovate, we must critically inherit the excellent cultural heritage of our predecessors and other nationalities.
To innovate on the basis of inheritance, we must adhere to the principle of criticism, take the essence of past cultural heritage and discard its dross.
At the same time, in artistic activities, we should persist in the creation of artistic content, artistic form, artistic language and artistic expression methods, and constantly adapt to people's needs for aesthetic culture and art in the new era. (12)
2. On the basic law of art form combination. (key points)
First, neat and pure, also known as uniformity and simplicity. This rule is embodied in the most basic and concise combination of forms, which is intended to create a clear and orderly state or a rigorous and unified atmosphere. (4 points)
Second, symmetric equilibrium. Symmetry is a regular way of existence of organism's own structure, and balance is an extension of symmetry with some changes. Symmetrical equilibrium is more varied than neat and pure equilibrium, which embodies the unity of opposites in art. (4 points)
Third, rhythm and rhythm. Rhythm is a regular and repeated presentation, with a strong sense of order and emphasis on the combination of time and space changes. Different rhythms convey different emotions, and in the change of rhythm, unique rhyme and emotional appeal are dissolved, so that through the change of rhyme and rhythm, there is a sense of color of a certain sound, which is rhythm. (4 points)
Fourth, reconcile and contrast. It is the two states of contradictory things, either tending towards unity in contradiction or showing opposition in unity. Harmony refers to juxtaposing similar and different things, leading differences to consistency, and contrast refers to juxtaposing things with great differences, so that they show strong contrast and differences in unity. (4 points)
Fifth, proportion is the relationship between the whole and the parts, and it is the relationship between the parts in volume, weight and length. It conforms to the sensory and psychological requirements of cognition, that is, it conforms to the proportional relationship of regularity and purpose, that is, the beauty of proportion. (4 points)
6. Diversity and unity is the highest principle of formal beauty, a concentrated summary of all other laws of formal beauty, and also the embodiment of dialectical thought in artistic creation. Diversity refers to the difference and individuality between things, and unity refers to the wholeness and * * * contained in individual things. Diversity and unity, on the one hand, show the diversity and change of various forms of image factors, and at the same time achieve harmony and unity with external things in diversity and change. (5 points)
Grading standard of art theory volume C
I. Description: (5 points for each question, ***50 points)
1. What is the basic function of art?
There are many specific functions of art, but the main functions should be aesthetic cognition, aesthetic education and aesthetic entertainment. It can also be answered as entertainment function, cognitive function, educational function and aesthetic function.
2. What is art appreciation?
Appreciative art consumption activity is artistic appreciation, and its connotation mainly refers to the active appreciation and re-creation activity with artistic works as the object and the audience as the main body, striving to obtain multiple aesthetic values. It is the recipient's active choice, absorption and sublation of the value and attributes of artistic works on the basis of aesthetic experience.
3. What is an artist?
The artist is the subject of artistic creation, the experiencer and practitioner of human aesthetic activities, and the creator and producer of aesthetic spiritual products. They usually have independent personality and rich emotions, as well as good cultivation and outstanding aesthetic ability. At the same time, artists are concrete social people. An artist's life lies in his creation.
4. What is aesthetic expectation?
Appreciators' aesthetic expectation can be expressed as style expectation, image expectation and implication expectation. Style expectation refers to the expectation direction caused by the type or form characteristics of artistic works by art appreciators; Image expectation refers to the expectation direction caused by a specific image of an artistic work; Implication expectation refers to the appreciation of the aesthetic significance, emotional realm, attitude towards life and ideological tendency of artistic works.
5. What are the significance and artistic features of dance?
Dance is an artistic style in which organized and rhythmic human movements with aesthetic norms are the main means of expression, and elements such as rhythm, expression, composition and modeling are used to shape images and express emotions. The basic characteristics of dance art are:
(1) Action and posture; (2) lyricism and expressiveness; (3) rhythm and rhythm.
6. What is artistic experience?
Artistic experience is a process in which the creative subject fully mobilizes psychological elements such as emotion, imagination and association on the basis of long-term accumulated aesthetic experience, and examines, appreciates and understands specific aesthetic objects.
7. What is the meaning of craft and its artistic characteristics?
Craft refers to the modeling and space art with both aesthetic characteristics and strong material characteristics, which has both aesthetic value and practical value. The basic characteristics of arts and crafts are: (1) practicality and aesthetics; (2) material and spiritual; (3) Skills and creativity.
8. What is irony in art?
Satire is to tear the worthless things in life to people by means of truth and exaggeration or truth and cleverness, and arouse people's spiritual and emotional pleasure of denying and denouncing ugliness.
9. What is an artistic image?
Artistic image is a psychological form that combines the aesthetic cognition and feelings of the artistic subject with the object image, and it is also immersed in the materialized expression of this psychological form. Artistic image is the result of the subject's artistic thinking and emotional activities, and it is a perceptual manifestation that condenses the subject's life consciousness and aesthetic ideal.
10, what is the form of a work of art?
The form of a work of art is the existing way of the content of a work of art, that is, the internal organizational structure and external expression form of the content of a work of art, and the composition factors of the form of a work of art mainly include the structure and language of the work of art.