The May 4th New Culture Movement is surging all over the country, and Xie, who is full of blood and ambition, is deeply influenced by it. He often talks with friends in his hometown, such as Liu Tai and Huang Longfei who are studying in Hengyang. He studied progressive books, explored the road of "transforming China and the world", and gradually produced the grand ideal of "transforming society". Every holiday, everyone is organized to give a speech on the street and publicize new ideas and new cultures, which is quite influential among students.
At the beginning of 1925, 2 1 year-old Xie graduated from Hengyang Xinmin Middle School (now Hengyang No.6 Middle School) and returned to his hometown. He immediately devoted himself to the revolutionary activities in Leiyang and joined the Youth League. In April, * * * Hunan District appointed Tang Zigang to Leiyang as the county party secretary. Xie arranged for Tang Zigang and his wife to live in their own home and copied documents and leaflets for Tang Zigang.
After the May 30th Massacre, Xie and Leiyang Progressive Youth organized a propaganda team, went deep into factories, villages, shops and schools, gave speeches, issued leaflets and accused imperialism of invading China. At the same time, the Leiyang branch of the Qinghu Massacre Revenge Association was established, and Xie was elected as the vice president of the Revenge Association. After the meeting, under the leadership of the revenge society, the county held a large-scale strike, strike, strike, organized an inspection of "enemy goods", banned hundreds of people, and banned the sale of Japanese and British goods in urban and rural shops. Hundreds of tons of Japanese and British goods found were burned outside Admiralty Gate.
1926, Xie joined the China * * * production party and was responsible for the work of the Youth League Committee. After "Ma Ri incident", Xie sneaked into Tongzi Mountain area and continued revolutionary activities.
On September 9th, 1927, Xie and Wu Zhonghao took part in the autumn harvest uprising. 165438+ 10 In June, Xie organized peasant uprisings for more than 50 times in Yajiang and Dahe, and then pulled his team to Yantan Mountain, established revolutionary base areas and established guerrillas in southern Hunan. 17 February 17, Xie led guerrillas to attack the town, captured four militia rifles, and captured several local tyrants and evil gentry, such as Jiang Shenfu.
1928 65438+ 10, according to the instructions of Deng Zonghai, secretary of the county executive Committee, Xie went to Shuikoushan, Changning to contact Song, head of the mining party organization, to prepare for an armed uprising. 192865438+1On October 26th, Xie led more than 30 armed farmers and cooperated with Shuikoushan workers to seize more than 0/00 mine police guns twice.
/kloc-in February of 0/6, Zhu De led the First Division of the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants to capture Leiyang County. 19, the county Soviet government was established, and Xie Ren was the special Commissioner of the county Soviet government, responsible for leading the armed struggle of farmers in Tongzishan area and helping Shuikoushan Mine to form the Soviet government. After Shuikoushan miners' armed forces and farmers' armed forces joined forces, the third regiment of the first division of the Chinese Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants was established, with Song as the head and Xie as the representative.
1928 Early April is the season when Fei Ying grass grows in southern Hunan. After Xie led his troops to Jinggangshan, he was organized as an independent camp of the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army and served as the party representative of the camp. Soon, he was transferred to the 28th Regiment of GongSiJun as a clerk. In the second half of the year, after attacking Yong Xincheng and Long Yuan, Xie came to the Red Army Temporary Hospital for treatment due to illness. When the enemy concentrated 30 thousand troops to invade Jinggangshan, he was ill and found Peng: "The battle ahead is so fierce, let me join the war." Peng was moved by his firm attitude and left him as the secretary-general of the Ciping Army.
1in April, 929, the Red Fifth Army regained Jinggangshan, reorganized its troops, and transferred Xie to the fourth vertical party representative. He went deep into the company and found that the political work of the Eleventh Company was very active, so he summed up his experience and promoted it in the whole column, which made the whole column look brand-new. Later, Fang Qiang, then the instructor of the Eleventh Company, recalled his work during that time and said, "Thanks for your quick brain, you can grasp the typical; In particular, we have done a good job in propaganda and agitation. He made a report at the meeting, and no one didn't listen carefully. "
Xie has unique views on major issues in military management. 1930, the central "Left" wrong leadership ordered the main force of the Red Army to seize large and medium-sized cities and organize national riots. Xie put forward a tit-for-tat opinion on this. He thought that "it is a blind slogan to engage in ethnic riots" and wrote an article "Commemorating Red May and Our Tasks in Hexi", which was published in the first 14 issue of the Red Army magazine Arsenal. Starting from the international and domestic political, economic and military situation, the article expounds his point of view: "Our division fell to Hexi this time, and its task is to make Hexi red, run through the Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet area, connect the two banks of the Ganjiang River, and quickly seize Ji 'an, Ganzhou and even Jiangxi Province to win first." He criticized the "Left" putschism and helped Peng correctly carry out his operational policy.
1June, 929, Gongwu Army and Gongba Army were reorganized into the third army of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants in Daye, Hubei Province, and Xie Ren was the secretary-general of the Red Army. In July, he attacked Changsha, Hunan with his Ministry. On the 27th, the Red Sanjuntuan captured Changsha County. In order to expand the influence of this campaign, Xie and Yuan, director of the political department of the army, used the Huangcangping National Daily Museum to publish the Red Army Daily. After a day and a night of intense work, the first issue of the Red Army Daily was published on the 29th, which caused a sensation in all walks of life. Even Ta Kung Pao at that time exclaimed: "The Red Army, in a state of military arrogance, still knows how to attach importance to newspaper propaganda and is meticulous. We would rather be innocent. " Most of the notices and orders of the General Front Enemy Committee published in the Red Army Daily were also written by Xie.
In August, the Red Army withdrew from Changsha and joined the Red Army in Yonghe, Liuyang to form the first army. Xie still serves as the Secretary-General of the Front Committee of the Red Army. At this time, the number of troops has expanded six times than before, and the construction of party organizations and ideological construction in the army has temporarily failed to keep up. Xie put forward at the meeting of the General Front Enemy Committee: "The urgent task is to strengthen the political propaganda and education of the army; To raise the awareness of cadres in the whole army, leaders at all levels should set an example. " After consulting with the party branch secretary of the directly affiliated regiment, he held a party branch meeting, and Peng, the head of the regiment, also attended the meeting. The work of the military party group has developed rapidly.
At 1930, Xie was also the political commissar of the Third Division of the Red Fifth Army. After taking office, he proposed to the political propaganda cadres of the whole division: "Do a good job in political propaganda and agitation for soldiers!"
Most of the Red Army cadres and soldiers are farmers, with low education and poor scientific knowledge. After the occupation of enemy-occupied areas, many jokes were made and some questions were raised. For example, if you seize the enemy's transceiver and hear that it is still "beep ……", you beat it with the butt of your gun, step on it with your foot and curse: "I told you to scream again!" It is difficult to smash the transceiver to get rid of it; When I broke into the bank in the white area, I only knew how to protect gold, silver and dollars. When I saw the Kuomintang banknotes, I thought they were "reactionary banknotes". Like waste paper, they were torn to pieces and burned. When dealing with garbage, I didn't know that the money could be used to buy medicines and materials urgently needed by the troops in the white area, which led to their loss in vain.
Peng and other military leaders at all levels deeply realize that an uneducated army is a stupid army, and a stupid army cannot defeat the enemy. Therefore, military leaders emphasize the need to strengthen the cultural education of the military. Peng Wei set an example and set an example. Please take advantage of the gap between battles to learn culture. Every time he went to the campsite, Xie prepared books and paper, pens, ink and inkstones, and then taught him to learn culture when other cadres and soldiers in the army were resting. Peng will check the shops and check the posts. At that time, paper was scarce and expensive, so you couldn't buy it in mountainous areas. Every time Peng led his troops to a town, he sent people to the streets to buy some cheap toilet paper and luggage paper to write in Chinese calligraphy. He not only learned to write new words and phrases, but also practiced calligraphy. Under the guidance of Xie, Peng insisted on learning day after day, and his cultural level improved rapidly. He was able to modify or draft operational orders and documents by himself.
Peng took the lead in literacy and learning culture, which greatly promoted the development of cultural and educational activities in the army. At that time, few people could read, and whoever could read a few words became a teacher, which was called "capable person as a teacher". In order to make everyone literate, so that they can March and read correctly, Xie suggested that everyone stick a word or two on their backpack when marching, and everyone can read while marching. When they arrive at the campsite, they will test each other whether they remember.
In order to further mobilize the enthusiasm of cadres and soldiers to learn literacy and culture, leaders at all levels of the army also infiltrated literacy activities into entertainment life. For example, a literacy test is held on the wall newspaper and a literacy competition is held at the party. Set up a "literacy post", and those who can't read should not pass this post. This entertaining literacy activity has improved everyone's interest in literacy and achieved good results. At that time, there was not much time for formal cultural classes, and many times political classes and cultural classes were combined. For example, when it comes to class struggle, workers, poor peasants, middle peasants, rich peasants, landlords, capitalists, imperialism, warlords, oppression and exploitation are all written on the door panels, combined with political literacy. Sometimes some comrades with professional knowledge are invited to tell us some knowledge about weapons, science and health and disease prevention, so that we can increase our knowledge.
193 1 In the spring of, Xie and his teacher Peng Ao led the commander of the third division of the Red Fifth Army to hide in Donggu area for 25 days. The troops are seriously short of food, and the soldiers are not adequately dressed. Xie and Peng Ao discussed, and mobilized the staff of directly under the authority Division to dig bamboo shoots and wild vegetables to satisfy their hunger, and sent the saved food to the company. When he and his teacher Peng Ao patrolled the company sentry at night, they saw the soldiers' clothes were thin and took off their clothes for the soldiers to wear. Later, Xie also stipulated that the company should cook ginger soup for the soldiers on guard at night to prevent illness. The concern of the chief aroused the fighting spirit of the officers and men of the whole division. On May 30th, he led his troops to attack Jianning City and annihilated three regiments of enemy troops on the defensive in Liu Heding. Subsequently, he led troops to participate in the Battle of Luozigou and the Battle of Fangshiling in Li Antang. In order to give full play to the role of political propaganda to the enemy on the battlefield, Xie organized soldiers to fly to enemy positions with kites carrying propaganda slogans, and also sent soldiers to shout in front of the positions, which effectively cooperated with the battle.
The troops won again and again and captured a large number of enemy soldiers. In order to expand political influence, according to the Red Army's policy of giving preferential treatment to prisoners, Xie presided over a division party committee and decided to release a large number of prisoners. This incident was accused by "Left" leaders, saying that they were "right-leaning" and "unprincipled". Xie Hanwen insisted on the truth and argued: "This was done in accordance with the Red Army's policy of preferential treatment for prisoners and did not violate the principle." Later, someone reported this situation to the CPC Central Committee, and Xie was dismissed and stayed in the political department of the division to do general propaganda work. But Xie is still slow and steady. When the founding lieutenant general recalled the situation at that time, he was still lamenting that Comrade Xie, the old chief, was beaten into a wrong line because of the problem of releasing too many prisoners during the first, second and third "encirclement and suppression" campaigns in the Central Soviet Area. Although he was demoted and used emotionally, he still worked hard, especially in propaganda. He did a lot of work.
1934 10 Xie led the Red Third Army Long March.
In addition to doing a good job in general propaganda, Xie also actively participated in the propaganda and agitation of "expanding the red" on the way to the Long March. "Yun Gui Chuan, Yun Gui Chuan, has the merit of expanding the Red Army." When passing Guiyang and Longli in Guizhou, Xie always ran in front of the troops and sometimes the soldiers. When he saw Zhuangzi on the side of the road, he went into people's homes, speaking out of turn, doing propaganda and agitation for "expanding the red". Many new recruits were recruited by him in this way.
On April 7, the vanguard of the Red Army found many people squatting on the hillside ahead, watching from a distance. Xie wanted to mobilize them to become the Red Army, so he immediately greeted them. When they saw this, they immediately retreated to the top of the mountain. Xie Hanwen shouted to them: "Boss, don't be afraid. We are the Red Army, protecting the dry people (that is, the poor) and talking to you. " As a result, a white-haired old man stood halfway up the mountain. At first, Xie said a lot to the old man earnestly, but the old man turned a deaf ear. After repeated publicity, the two exchanged questions and answers. After getting up the courage and urging of the old man, the people who retreated to the top of the mountain rushed in again. Xie told them many revolutionary truths and the importance of the Red Army of Workers and Peasants. After some propaganda and agitation, a young man suddenly stood out from the crowd: "I'm going to be the Red Army. Who will come with me?" Soon, four or five young people appeared in the crowd.
On the morning of April 2 1, when the Red Army passed Guanyin Mountain in Xingren County, Xie saw a man herding cattle and encouraged him to become a Red Army. The cowherd readily agreed. Before leaving, he said to his wife, "I'm going to be a Red Army, and I should treat the wounded soldiers at home well." It turns out that there are three Red Army wounded in this cow's family.
On the way to the Long March, Xie did a lot of political and ideological work and won the unanimous praise of the Red Army commanders.
On September 22nd, 1935, the Red Army successfully arrived at Hadapu, and the troops were reorganized into the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment.
After the victory of the Long March, Xie was transferred to the Red Army University as the dean. After entering school, he forgot his job. Tang Chi, the principal of the school, recalled: "Comrade Xie, the old principal, was called the principal. In fact, he was in charge of the overall work of the school. He is an enterprising man, full of energy. He is not only responsible for the work of the secretariat, the queue and the organization department, but also manages the food, clothing, housing and transportation of the teachers, students and staff of the whole school. Although he is very busy at work, he can always do things in order. "
1937 65438+1On October 20th, the Red Army University was renamed China People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University (hereinafter referred to as "Kangda"), and the campus was moved from security to Yan 'an. After the start of the second semester, with the increasing number of students, Xie served as the captain of the thirteenth student team in order to enrich the grassroots leaders. Live, study and work with students as ordinary students, organize singing groups and post posters. Make the propaganda work of the whole team colorful.
Soon, Xie was transferred back to the school department as the propaganda minister of Kangda Political Department. He is determined to strengthen theoretical study and improve the level of Marxism-Leninism. Major General Niu Kelun, director of the Fifth Research Institute of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and then Minister of Propaganda Department, recalled: "Our minister studied very hard. Every night after everyone had a rest, he went back to his dormitory, lit candles, leaned back in bed and read Marxism-Leninism with fascination, sometimes for a whole night. I remember once, he recited the question of Marxism-Leninism to us, but he was able to recite more than half of it word by word ... He had a strong memory. "
In the propaganda work, Xie paid special attention to the editing of Kangda (later changed to Kangda), the propaganda mouthpiece of the school magazine Daye. He carefully reviewed and revised the articles to be published in each issue. Once, he fell ill with a high fever and fainted in the office. Comrades sent him to the infirmary. He swallowed a few pills and went on working. He didn't lie in bed until the school magazine was sent for printing.
At the beginning of Kangda University, life was rather monotonous. In order to change this situation, Xie often organizes various teams to engage in singing competitions, story speeches, sports meetings and other forms of activities. 1938, in order to enliven students' cultural life, Xie established the "Anti-Great Culture Art Troupe". Due to the lack of props, Xie called on the band members to make their own musical instruments, and he also made an erhu for the band. When rehearsing the program, he directed it himself. The program performed by "Anti-Big Art Troupe" was very popular and became a famous performance group in northern Shaanxi at that time.
On June 1939 and 1 Sunday, Xie held the "Kangda Achievement Exhibition" to celebrate the third anniversary of the founding of Kangda, which was supported by the leaders of Luo Ruiqing and other schools. Mao Zedong and Zhu De personally visited Kangda, and after watching the exhibition, they spoke highly of it.
Thanks to his outstanding achievements in political propaganda, Xie was named one of the 46 advanced political workers in "Anti-University" by 1939.
194 1 At the beginning of the year, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression entered a stalemate, and a large number of powerful leaders were urgently needed to enrich the frontline work of army building and base construction. Xie was transferred to the 18th Army as the director of the Political Department of the General Logistics Department. On the day before leaving Kangda, he also said to Niu Kelun, director of propaganda, "We should do our propaganda well and don't live up to the expectations of the people of the whole country."
1942 in may, the Japanese aggressors dispatched 50,000 to 60,000 troops to "mop up" the anti-Japanese base areas in north China, such as Jizhong, Taihang, Da Yue and northwestern Shanxi, and the headquarters decided to implement the strategic shift. On May 25th, the transfer team led by Peng and Zuo Quan and the transfer team of the Eighth Route Army's Political Department and Logistics Department unexpectedly entered the Nanaipu area of Liao County at the same time. At this time, the Japanese army had discovered the whereabouts of the Eighth Route Army and surrounded the Aipu area with heavy troops. Because there are many government officials, the goal is big, and there are few combat troops and roads in mountainous areas, it is very difficult to act collectively. Peng, Zuo Quan, Luo Ruiqing, (Minister of the General Logistics Department of the Eighth Route Army), Xie and others, after urgent consultations, decided to break through separately. After discovering the intention of the Eighth Route Army to break through, the Japanese army quickly contracted the encirclement and bombarded the breakout team with more fierce artillery fire.
When the Eighth Route Army cadres and soldiers entered the village to make a fire and cook, deafening gunshots suddenly sounded outside the village. Xie pulled out his pistol and rushed out of the gate, only to see the Japanese coming from outside the village. Xie saw that the enemy's firepower was very dense. Knowing that the intersection in front of the village had been blocked by the enemy, he led the political department of the General Logistics Department to break through from behind the village. When he rushed out of the encirclement, he turned around and found that his wife Wang Zhendong, who was carrying the file box of the Political Department of the General Logistics Department, was blocked by enemy gunfire in the village. He turned and braved the enemy's bullets and rushed into the village to help his pregnant wife retreat behind the village. However, it is too late. The enemy found them and blocked the retreat with intensive fire. In a crisis, Xie and his wife took out the documents from the suitcase and stuffed them into a firewood stove of a family to burn. At this time, the enemy swarmed. Xie and his wife were both captured. On the same day, the enemy took Xie, his wife and some prisoners from the General Logistics Department of the Eighth Route Army to Taiyuan. Knowing that Xie was a senior cadre of the Eighth Route Army, the Japanese army sent special interrogators to take charge of the interrogation. But the enemy got nothing from Xie. Shamed and angry enemies tortured him, pierced his shoulder blades and collarbone with bayonets, put them on with iron wires, hung them high on the beams, and set a pot of fire at his feet to carry out inhuman destruction. The heroic and tenacious Xie did not give in. The enemy had no choice but to report to the headquarters of the Japanese invaders and put the Xie couple to death. They proudly walked to the execution ground. On that day, the mountains wept and the earth mourned.