Related theories on the formation of small towns

How to realize agricultural modernization in China is a matter of great concern to Comrade Deng Xiaoping. He pointed out: "There is little arable land and a large population, especially farmers. This situation is not easy to change. This has become a feature that must be considered in China's modernization process. " "China's modernization must proceed from the characteristics of China." Deng Xiaoping's strategic thought shows that China's agricultural modernization should take a new road with China characteristics instead of the old road taken by western developed countries. According to the national conditions of China, it is unrealistic to realize rural modernization only by relying on large and medium-sized cities. The best way out is to vigorously build and develop small towns, which are the intermediate links connecting urban communities and rural communities. Small towns receive the radiation of highly developed urban society and economy, and then spread outward, driving the development of surrounding rural areas. This is the conclusion that we reached after deeply thinking about China's agricultural modernization under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory. As a developed area in China, Shanghai should take the lead in realizing agricultural modernization. Strengthening the construction and development of suburban towns is of great significance for Shanghai to take the lead in realizing agricultural modernization. Based on this understanding, we investigated some small towns in the suburbs of Shanghai. Through social investigation, we not only studied the problems existing in the current construction and development of small towns, but also felt the responsibility on our shoulders. It is this sense of responsibility of agricultural college students that inspires us to contribute to the construction and development of small towns and carry out a series of service activities in suburban rural communities before leaving school. At the same time, considering that the task of agricultural modernization in rural poverty-stricken areas in China is more arduous, we also took advantage of the summer vacation to go to Dabie Mountain and join in poverty alleviation activities through science and technology. These practical activities have enhanced our talents and abilities, strengthened our confidence in the cause of agricultural modernization, and deepened our understanding of the strategic position of small towns in the cause of agricultural modernization in China. What is the role of small towns in realizing agricultural modernization in China? This is the first problem to be solved when we study Deng Xiaoping's agricultural modernization theory. The Third Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee pointed out: "Developing small towns is a major strategy to promote rural economic and social development." Through the investigation of small towns, we really feel the significance of this "grand strategy". (1) Small towns have effectively promoted the development of rural economy. First, the gathering of small towns has promoted the coordinated development of industry and agriculture and the chain development of other industries, and solved the employment problem of some hidden unemployed people in rural areas. Judging from the formation and evolution of small towns in China, it was originally producers who adjusted surplus and deficiency and exchanged needed services. With the development of commodity economy and social division of labor, small towns have become the main gathering places of rural industrial production. The development of small town industry provides an effective way for the transfer of rural surplus labor. How to solve the problem of rural surplus labor force is an overall strategic issue in the development of rural economy and even national economy. According to the calculation of the existing cultivated land area, China's agricultural production can only accommodate about 200 million laborers, and at least 654.38 billion laborers remain in the countryside. Together with the 7.5 million new surplus labor force generated by population growth, the rural surplus labor force will reach 200 million by the end of this century. The development of small towns is conducive to the relative concentration of township enterprises and the transfer of surplus agricultural labor in a wider range. In the process of industrialization in western developed countries, the surplus agricultural labor force is mainly concentrated in big cities. However, China's industrial base is weak, and cities themselves have the task of digesting their own labor, lacking the ability to absorb a large number of rural surplus labor. Comrade Deng Xiaoping emphasized that we should go our own way and build socialism with China characteristics. Starting from the national conditions, developing township industry is the only way to transfer rural surplus labor force and realize agricultural modernization. Small towns have low land prices, abundant resources and low labor prices, which are suitable for developing township industries. A few years ago, the development of township industries in China was decentralized. Every village has factories, and there is smoke everywhere, which used to be a great landscape in rural China. The rise of township enterprises is a great creation of farmers in China, which has played an inestimable role. However, township enterprises are too scattered to produce agglomeration effect, which is not conducive to the formation of industrial chain and seriously hinders their own development. The concentration of township enterprises in cities and towns will bring about the development of a series of related industries such as construction, transportation, commerce and catering, and greatly enhance the ability to absorb rural surplus labor. The liberation of a large number of surplus labor bound in rural areas depends on the vigorous development of small towns. As Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out, "A large number of agricultural laborers have been transferred to emerging towns and emerging small and medium-sized enterprises. I'm afraid this is the only way. We can't always tie farmers to small plots of land. What hope is there? " Second, the development of small towns is conducive to the concentration of land to scale management and provides a foundation for realizing agricultural modernization. It is a basic law that modern agriculture is generally based on moderate scale management of land. When talking about the "two leaps" in agriculture, Comrade Deng Xiaoping put forward "to meet the needs of scientific farming and socialization of production, and to develop moderate scale management". China's agriculture is dominated by decentralized small-scale operations. Agricultural labor productivity is low, with an average of three farmers supporting one urban population. Decentralized land management restricts the division of labor and the development of commodity economy, which is not conducive to the construction of farmland capital construction, water conservancy facilities and other public facilities, and is not conducive to expanding agricultural reproduction and resisting natural disasters. The development of small towns, through a reasonable land transfer system, can promote the concentration of secondary and tertiary industries to small towns on the one hand, and the concentration of land to large farmers on the other hand. In this way, under the premise of adhering to the household contract responsibility system, we can carry out intensive scale management of land, realize agricultural industrialization, realize the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, and promote the development of rural economy and sustainable development of agriculture. Third, the construction of small towns can break the dual structure of urban-rural division and accelerate the development of rural communities. Due to various historical reasons, China's urban-rural relations have been separated for a long time. After the reform and opening up, the relationship between urban and rural areas has been greatly improved, but the dual structure of urban and rural areas has not really been broken. China has a vast rural area, a large population, scattered farmers and backward economy. It is difficult for urban radiation to reach every place in the countryside directly. At present, the influence and diffusion of central cities can only reach the vast rural hinterland through small towns. Because small towns are both cities and towns, they can serve the connection and coordination between urban and rural areas and play an important role in invigorating urban and rural economy. (2) Small towns are accelerators for the modernization of farmers' consciousness. When an American expert visited China, he once said, "Without first-class knowledge, there would be no world-class agriculture." Agricultural modernization is not only the modernization of things, but also the modernization of people. Only by realizing the modernization of farmers, that is, changing from traditional farmers to modern farmers, can we truly realize agricultural modernization. Small towns can also play an important role in the modernization of farmers. Small towns are transit stations for the spread of urban civilization to rural communities. As far as most farmers are concerned, the most direct influence on them is small towns. Whether it's production, management or living consumption, whether it's culture, entertainment or education and training, they can't do without small towns. Strengthening the construction of small towns will help farmers' life change from single to diverse, and the pace of life will change from loose to compact. At the same time, it can also enable farmers to gradually establish modern concepts of competition, legal system, overall situation, innovation, efficiency and sustainable development, and arm their minds with modern consciousness. In short, the construction of small towns is conducive to shaping new farmers with ideals, morality, education and discipline. Small towns are also the lubricating oil for the coordinated development of rural economy and society. Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "The socialist country we want to build must have not only a high level of material civilization, but also a high level of spiritual civilization." Small towns can be an example and position for the construction of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization in rural areas. This is because: small towns are the centers of rural politics, economy, culture, science and technology and life services, with the characteristics of combining workers and peasants and urban and rural areas. The construction and development of small towns not only provide strong support for the construction of material civilization in rural areas, but also provide facilities and places for the construction of spiritual civilization in rural areas, which can effectively promote the coordinated development of the two civilizations in rural areas. Second, the new topic of taking the lead in realizing agricultural modernization Small towns are a solid foundation for promoting agricultural modernization, which has become people's understanding. China has a vast territory, so it is necessary to realize agricultural modernization step by step. The Third Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee clearly stated: "The eastern region and the suburbs of large and medium-sized cities should improve the level of rural economic development, and places with conditions should take the lead in basically realizing agricultural modernization." If Shanghai wants to take the lead in realizing agricultural modernization, it must proceed from the characteristics of Shanghai, speed up the construction of small towns facing 2 1 century, promote the integration of urban and rural areas, and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas. Therefore, in our spare time, from the height of taking the lead in realizing agricultural modernization, we conducted a key survey in five towns in the suburbs of Shanghai by combining questionnaire survey and interview survey. The survey covers the hardware construction and development of small towns in Shanghai suburbs, and the living environment, lifestyle, values and spiritual life of residents in small towns. In the process of investigation, we walked from one town to another, overcame all kinds of difficulties and collected a lot of first-hand information. We also received strong support from the local Youth League Committee and relevant departments, and had extensive exchanges and discussions with local cadres. Through investigation, we feel that the construction and development of small towns in the suburbs of Shanghai do not meet the requirements of taking the lead in realizing agricultural modernization. First of all, the hardware construction of small towns in Shanghai is insufficient. Infrastructure construction in small towns lags behind. Some small towns with development potential and location advantages are difficult to form a certain cohesion and bearing capacity due to insufficient investment in infrastructure construction. In our investigation, we found that the roads in some small towns were not expanded in time, the drainage system could not keep up, and the facilities such as education, health, culture and communication were not matched. Infrastructure construction has become the bottleneck of the development of small towns. Another problem of hardware construction in small towns is the serious phenomenon of crowding out cultivated land and cultivated land. With the development of social economy, the demand for land resources will continue to expand. China's per capita arable land is decreasing, so the construction of small towns lacks unified planning, and thousands of towns have failed to form their own characteristics. The survey results show that the hardware construction of small towns must be strengthened, otherwise it will not adapt to the all-round development and prosperity of rural economy. Secondly, the software construction of small towns in Shanghai needs to be further strengthened. According to our investigations in Xi Du Town, Fengxian County, Chen Xing, Xinzhuang Town, Minhang District, Du Xing, and Xujing Town, Qingpu County, the mental outlook of farmers has been greatly improved, but it is still not commensurate with modern farmers in some aspects. In the questionnaire survey, only 25% people are willing to read books and newspapers in their spare time to get information. Many farmers lack environmental awareness. When asked, "If there were scraps of paper in front of you, would you pick them up and throw them in the dustbin?" 80% of people choose not to. Some families turn a blind eye to the collective and society when dealing with the problems of "everyone" and "small family" Farmers' scientific, technological and cultural knowledge is not high. In the survey, 50% people reported that they didn't know basic legal knowledge or popular science knowledge. After careful analysis and discussion of the survey results, we think that we should proceed from the following aspects to comprehensively promote the construction of small towns in Shanghai. First, strengthen the infrastructure construction of small towns, provide conditions for industries to concentrate in parks, farmers to concentrate in cities and towns, and cultivated land to concentrate on scale operations, so as to realize the agglomeration effect of small towns. Rationally adjust some township administrative divisions, reduce redundant construction, and realize optimal allocation of resources. Second, while speeding up the construction of small towns, we should give consideration to economic, social and environmental benefits, create an ideal environment for residents to live and work in peace and contentment, with a beautiful and quiet environment, convenient and satisfactory life and happy culture and entertainment, and build small towns into a new rural city with first-class pattern and unique characteristics. Third, strengthen the construction of spiritual civilization in small towns and raise farmers' awareness of modernization. Comrade Deng Xiaoping has repeatedly stressed that socialist society is a society with all-round and coordinated development, and "four haves" are the basic qualities of socialist citizens. It is necessary to build small towns in Shanghai into big schools to shape new farmers with "four haves". At the turn of the century, accelerating the construction of small towns is an important foundation and urgent task for Shanghai to realize agricultural modernization. At the same time, the construction of small towns is inseparable from the public's participation and support. As agricultural college students, we are duty-bound. Preheating movement of agricultural modernization; Vibrant small towns are the hope of rural and agricultural modernization. Facing the turbulent heat wave of small town construction in China, our agricultural college students have aroused a strong sense of participation and actively devoted themselves to this great practice with full enthusiasm. We are still young eagles and have not yet grown into hard wings to fight the sky. However, we can gather together to keep warm, do some service work for the spiritual civilization construction of small towns, and try our best to make some contributions to Shanghai's first agricultural modernization. Realizing the coordinated development of hardware construction and software construction is an extremely important issue in the construction of small towns. In our investigation, we found that residents in some small towns with better hardware construction in the suburbs of Shanghai still lack values and ideology commensurate with modernization, and their quality of life needs to be improved. Focusing on human modernization, we chose Xinzhuang Town in Minhang District to carry out a series of service activities. For example, with the support of street cadres, we chose two buildings in Songxin Village, a municipal civilized community, to carry out the pilot project of "Popular Science Building". At present, we have publicized the scientific and technological knowledge of environmental protection in the "Popular Science Building". Another example is that we set up a "Xinwei Greening Team" mainly composed of primary school students. The children of the Green Team, who were not very particular about hygiene, learned the hard work of environmental protection after joining the Green Team and stopped littering casually. With the assistance of the xin zhuang zhen Youth League Committee, we also set up a love school to teach for community residents. Courses cover computer, flower arrangement, calligraphy, chess and cards, embroidery, music and so on. Most of these activities are carried out in a civilized community at the municipal level in Xinzhuang Town. In the future, it will be fully rolled out in other communities in xin zhuang zhen. We hope to contribute to the spiritual civilization construction in xin zhuang zhen through this diffused service mode. We serve the construction and development of small towns, although insignificant, but of great significance. This is a warm-up exercise before we leave the university, and it is a direct and practical participation in China's agricultural modernization. As agricultural college students, we should hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, unswervingly devote ourselves to the cause of agricultural modernization, and make our own contribution to realizing this grand strategy and building a new countryside in Socialism with Chinese characteristics.