( 1)
By the Tang Dynasty, poetry had reached perfection and reached its peak, which was quite unsustainable. Song people want to compete, only to find another way and create a new style. The poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty once again inspires people: following and imitating can only barely maintain the lifeline; The vigorous vitality only comes from continuous development and innovation.
As a new poetic style, Ci has great vitality. Regrettably, in the late Tang Dynasty, Wen and others made great contributions to the development of Ci, but led Ci to the road of "Ke Yan". In the Song Dynasty, due to traditional prejudice, the ci world still inherited the legacy of the Five Dynasties. Yan 'ou's ci represents the style of ci at that time, and is known as "Chinese and Western Kun in ci". Liu Yong's slow ci, which turns elegance into vulgarity, is pioneering to some extent. However, due to the lack of sufficient artistic courage and other reasons, it failed to open up a broad road of innovation for Song Ci.
Su Shi is here. He is magnificent and makes the ci world look brand-new. How did this happen? First, as far as literary thought is concerned, Su Shi has always opposed falling at the feet of his predecessors and imitating tradition. It advocates continuous innovation, and every writer should have his own unique artistic style. Secondly, he is brilliant and courageous, and has practiced in all kinds of literature and art, but not only poetry and prose, but also calligraphy and painting, all of which have unique artistic attainments. Accordingly, it is hard to imagine that Su Shi is willing to rely on others once he has written a poem. Judging from the available materials, Su Shi entered the field of ci late (1), which is the era of "where there is a well, you can sing willow ci" (2), but Su Shi was condescending and did not agree. He has only been engaged in the creation of ci for four years. In a letter of "Fresh in Zijun", he said:
It's a small word recently. Although it doesn't smell like Liuqilang, it's also a family, hehe! I hunted in the suburbs a few days ago and gained a lot. I made a shovel for the strong men of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to sing, play flute and drum as a festival, which was quite spectacular. "Near is a small word" refers to words such as "Jiang Yimeng" and "Flowers in the Rain First Arrive in Mizhou" written by Xining in the eighth year, and "Suburb" undoubtedly refers to hunting in Jiangmizhou. This passage shows: first, even if you write graceful and restrained love words, you should be different from Liu Yong and see your own characteristics. Second, I wrote a unique word Zhuang, which has no taste of Liu. Thirdly, it is particularly important that Su Shi openly challenges the traditional ci style and Liu Ci, which is popular all over the world, and proposes to be "unique" in the ci world. It can be seen that under the specific historical conditions, it is Su Shi who, with his extraordinary artistic courage and talent, set off a wave of innovation in the field of ci poetry, which made great and profound changes in Song ci poetry.
(2)
The remarkable symbol of Su Shi's development and innovation of Song Ci is "taking poetry as ci", and one of the important connotations of "taking poetry as ci" is that anything that can be included in poetry can be included in ci. "Dongpo's poems are quite similar to those of Lao Du, because they are unintentional and nothing can get in." ⑶ Although this statement is not without exaggeration, he can evaluate Su Shi's innovative spirit from the development of theme and content according to the reality of ci circles in the early Song Dynasty, which can be described as insightful.
First of all, Su Shi expressed his patriotism in words. As we all know, in the 300-year history of Zhao and Song Dynasties, patriotism has always run through the literature of the two Song Dynasties. However, although there are many works that pay attention to state affairs in the poetry circles of the Northern Song Dynasty, there are few responses in the poetry circles. Therefore, the patriotic poems in history are of great significance to open up the garden of Song Ci.
Point a soap flag in front of the green cover. Huang Mao just went out. Make the wind arrogant and the horse empty, and avoid the eagle while flying. Looking back at Cui @ ①, I came back with red leaves in my eyes. If the sacred dynasty is light and cool in the west, white is still more energy-saving.
-"Sacrificing Long Mountain to Go Hunting"
I said juvenile madness, which led to yellow on the left and pale on the right. Golden hat, mink and fur, thousands of riding rolls and leveling posts. In order to repay the people of the whole city for following my generous hunting proposal, I will shoot this tiger myself like Sun Quan. After drinking wine, my chest is still open and my temples are slightly frosted. What's the harm! When will the emperor send someone down, like Emperor Han sent Feng Tang to the cloud to pardon Shang Wei? Bow like a full moon, look northwest and shoot Sirius!
-"Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting"
Su Shi's two works created at the same time are very similar in describing hunting scenes, expressing lofty sentiments, expressing patriotic aspirations and even using materials. Moreover, the patriotic image in the poems is not old, and the momentum of expressing one's mind directly seems to be more prominent than poetry. In this way, Su Shi broke the boundary between poetry and poetry in content and introduced the theme of the times of serving the country and resisting the enemy into the ci world.
Among these words, Nian Nujiao's Red Cliff Nostalgia is the most successful and influential one. Among them, the description of Zhou Yu's image is full of heroism and splendor, which is unprecedented in China's ci history and Su Shi's outstanding contribution to the ci circle in the Northern Song Dynasty. Obviously, here is the author's great ambition to contribute to the country. There has been a lot of discussion about this word recently. Some people think that this is a "loser's psychology", while others think that this is a "triumph" (4). I think the content of this word is more complicated, and it is not suitable to simply summarize it with "failure" or "victory". The whole poem combines the singing, nostalgia and lyricism of the scenery. Praising the scenery and homesickness is for lyricism, but the author's realistic feelings are also deeply embedded in the majestic rivers and mountains and heroic romantic figures. The nothingness and sadness at the junction can't cover up the impassioned and vigorous tone throughout. Tracing back to Fan Zhongyan's The Fisherman's Pride, we despise Xin Jiaxuan's patriotic words, which have a foundation and pivotal role that cannot be ignored.
Secondly, use pastoral words. Since The Book of Songs, there have been many works describing rural life in China. However, due to the prejudice of poetry diversion, pastoral words rarely appeared in the ci circle since the middle Tang Dynasty. Occasionally, images such as fisherman, Huannv and Lianwa appear, which are also beautified and lack soil and interest. For example, in Zhang's Song of the Fisherman, the so-called "fisherman" is just the self-expression of the author's so-called "smoker" hermit.
Su Shi's four Fisherman's poems describe the fisherman's "drinking, drunkenness, waking up and laughing" respectively, which is nothing new, but his five rural words "Huanxisha" have created a new world of Song poetry. There are not only pleasant scenery between the lines: shaded villages, sandy roads with soft grass and slippery sand; Rizhao Sang Ma, the water is like splashing, the wind blows the leaves of Artemisia argyi, and the aroma is like fumigation; Zhuangnan village north, qi ā n @ 2 cars singing, a few mouthfuls of cocoon cooking, full of village fragrance. Echoing the fresh and refreshing pastoral scenery after the rain, there is a happy scene of a festive harvest: "Young and old help to collect wheat, Wu Yuanxiang dances in the village of God". People eat delicious new wheat and drink comfortable rice wine, and some even lie drunk on the side of the road at dusk. Active in this vibrant, prosperous and poetic picture, there are not only drunkards lying in the twilight, but also melon sellers under ancient willows and silkworm girls chatting in a hedge, and even groups of rural girls have broken through their skirts to meet the princes. Of course, the central image in the word is the "monarch"-the poet himself. He walked all the way, enjoying everything in front of him. After a while, Le Taotao asked the farmer, "When will the leaves of beans turn yellow?" After a while, people were thirsty for tea and "knocked at the door and asked the savage." Finally, he was so happy that he moved the idea of going back to the field: "When will you clean up the coupling?" "Shi is a middleman."
This group of rural ci was written in the early summer of the first year of Yuanfeng, and the poet was in Xuzhou. It was a spring drought, and Su Shi went to the stone beach in the east of the city to beg for rain. Because of the rain, wheat harvested twice [5], and the author wrote this sentence on the road in Xie Yu. Therefore, the harvest scene and the author's cheerful mood expressed in this set of words, as well as a "picture of the government and the people sharing happiness" formed from it, all have their life foundation and ideological reasons worth cherishing. In the future, even in adversity, he did not forget farming and people's lives. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng, he was demoted to Huangzhou and wrote five more "Huanxisha". Facing the kindness of friends, the singing and dancing of wine, and the heavy snow, he not only thought of his own life dilemma: "A poem is tied on an empty stomach, and a wet salary is as precious as rice", but also wrote:
The wind and waves in the sky don't remember Sue. On the snowy and sunny river, there are thousands of cars, but they are full. I am very sad. According to Fu Gan's note: "The barren land is in the Soviet Union, which has been stormy this year." On the one hand, we ignore people's livelihood, on the other hand, we push ourselves and others, hoping that the people's livelihood will be guaranteed, so there is nothing to worry about. What a noble mind and sentiment this is! It is undoubtedly a great innovation to bring the fine tradition of caring for people's sufferings in Yuefu poems such as Du Fu's Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage and Bai Juyi's New Works Filling Autumn into the slogan of "small skill" which is famous for its gentleness and gracefulness.
Third, the development and innovation of traditional themes. Poetry expresses ambition and words express feelings. Love is the traditional theme of ci. There are many works describing the love between men and women in Su Ci. During this period, he inherited the legacy of flowers and even occasionally touched @
Flowers fade, red apricots are small, swallows come and people walk around in the green water.
There are few willows blowing on the branches, but there are many herbs in the sea.
Swing in the outer wall of the road, laity in the wall, beautiful woman laughing in the wall.
Laughter dies in silence, but passion is mercilessly annoyed.
This word has neither the flowery rhetoric of five pronouns nor the indulgence of Liu Qin's ci. The first part describes the suburban scenery in late spring and early summer, which is fresh, bright and full of commercial atmosphere. The phrase "willow cotton on the branches" is a blend of scenes and meaningful artistic conception, which contains a profound philosophy of life: even if the wind and rain are ruthless and willow cotton on the branches is becoming scarce, "there will be loyal people within ten rooms", and there is no need to worry about finding a bosom friend, showing a kind of lingering philosophical thinking. The following film describes the laughter of the "beauty" inside the wall and the sadness of the "pedestrian" outside the wall, which is very humorous. "Beauty" suddenly went home, and I didn't know that the "Pedestrian" Center was annoyed. Obviously, the "ruthlessness" of accusing "beauty" is "sentimental" and it is unbearable to read. But on reflection, there is quite a aftertaste similar to Li Sao, which is meaningful. Zhang Yan said: "Writing needs innovation. Being as beautiful and comfortable as Dongpo, coming unexpectedly, striving for self-improvement and not seeking novelty are beyond the reach of Zhou and Qin people. " [6] Mention such love words.
Su Shi's love story not only has its own flavor and characteristics, but also "takes poetry as the word", which expands the scope of love story and extends the traditional love between men and women to the love of brothers and sisters.
The Su brothers are not only literary talents, but also have similar political views and experiences. They often sing poems in harmony, but they are not limited to narrow brotherhood, and often permeate a wide range of social contents, such as the second part of Qinyuanchun's Early Tour to Michigan:
At that time, * * * was a guest in Chang 'an, like a teenager who had just arrived in Erlu. There are thousands of words written, and there are thousands of volumes in my chest, which is very difficult for you. When using reason, hide on me, why not just watch it at leisure? He was very healthy, but he 10 died. He fought in the war before. First of all, recall the scene when Ouyang Xiu met Jia Yu u @ (4) from the second Soviet Union to Bianjing in his early years. It can be said that he was in the prime of his life, became famous at the beginning of his official career, and was knowledgeable. He made a promise of "being the king and being Yao and Shun" and had great ambitions for the national industry. Under the "use", using the Analects of Confucius is indeed a dissatisfaction with the new law. But the poet can express it with a broad mind, so that his works will not fall into the quagmire of sentimentality. Su Shi loves his brother very much. When my brother is at a loss in adversity, he often speaks to persuade him. For example, the word "Shuidiao Tou" was written because of another word of Su Zhe, "His words are too sad". In the first part, I advised Xie An to learn "I hate sending it to Cangzhou because I am trapped in elegance". Once my ambition is hard to pay, I won't retire as soon as possible. In the next film, I imagine the pleasure of drinking when I retire: "When I am drunk, I need your help, but when I am drunk, I can forget my troubles." Lotte knows that life is mixed with infinite political bitterness and saturated with deep brotherhood. If his famous poem "Shuidiao Tou" is "I wish people a long time and a thousand miles are beautiful", then it is not only optimistic, but also because of the high generalization of the poem, it extends the feelings of comforting brothers and sisters to the "sleepless people" on the Mid-Autumn night in the world.
Singing, returning and exchanging friendship are not uncommon in poetry. However, before Su Shi's ci, it was almost blank. Su Shi's poems make up for this deficiency. Generally speaking, his friendship words are characterized by rich new ideas and floating tone. "tonight, the residual light shines obliquely, and the tears are unclear when the autumn rain is clear." ("Nanxiangzi Sending Ancient Stories") This is the scene of imagining being alone after leaving. "I am a person who knows Weng with Yu, and only the West Lake is under the moon." ("Introduction to Magnolia, Rhyme of West Lake in Europe") This is a deep memory of Ouyang Xiu, a senior teacher. What is particularly commendable is that in his farewell speech, he also encouraged political affairs and state affairs, such as "Forget it, Zhong Qing never forgets Tongxiang" ("Huanxisha gives Chen Haizhou"), "The temple is full of wings, and the soldiers' teeth and cheeks are weathered" ("Huanxisha Pengmen sends Liang Zuo to hide"). This actually created a precedent for patriotic poets in the Southern Song Dynasty to sing and encourage each other with words. Moreover, farewell words are the most taboo sentimental, unable to extricate themselves. Su Shi can only use reason to express his feelings, but in the real friendship, he shows a bold and open charm:
Affectionate wind Wan Li swept away the tide and returned it mercilessly. What is the oblique light of Qiantang River and Pukou in Xixing? Don't think about the present and the present, put aside the past! Who is like Dongpo who always forgets his machine?
I remember that the west side of the West Lake is the benefit of Spring Mountain, and the sky is blue and green. Poets are all the same, just like I am to you. We arranged for him to go back to the Oriental Sea together, hoping to thank you for your elegance and ambition. Xizhou Road, don't look back, put clothes on me.
-The opening sentence "Basheng Ganzhou, send a few children" is wonderful, "Sudden snow mountain, rolling the earth" once, with extraordinary momentum! However, the ebb and flow of the tide, just like the changes of the times, the gathering and dispersion of people are the same in ancient and modern times. The last movie used scenery as a metaphor, which proved lyrical for the next movie. Change because of reason and emotion. Before a man leaves, he will make an appointment to return to China and travel all over the world, and it is difficult to find a bosom friend. Since it is agreed that he will return to the West Lake in the same year, what's the harm in saying goodbye today in order to forget his plane as much as possible? The whole article is clear and elegant, without a headscarf, without crying for the children, and it is moved with the greatest pride. Its profound meaning is also thought-provoking.
(3)
Creating new artistic conception and style is also one of the important contents of Su Shi's development and innovation of Song Ci.
Tern is a representative figure in the early Song Dynasty. Because of his emphasis on imitating the Five Dynasties, he often lacks true feelings and unclear personality, so he lacks a unique artistic style. Su Shi is different. On the one hand, he emphasized that "the arts and sciences are natural and the posture is changeable". On the other hand, there is a distinctive "I" in his words. It can be said that Su Shi's unique literary view and strong personality are the important internal basis for Su Shi to open up a new realm and create a new style of Song Ci.
As for the boldness of Su Ci, we must not confine ourselves to the opinions of our predecessors, and attribute its significance only to breaking through the shackles of temperament, or even to "true temperament" (⑼) or "being different" (⑽). Boldness, as a new style and genre, is relative to the traditional school of graceful words. There are obvious differences between them in the choice of theme, expression, language use and even aesthetic significance. The most important significance of its appearance lies in that it has broken the dull and monotonous old pattern of flowers blooming and birds singing solo in the past, and ushered in a new world of flowers blooming and birds contending.
As for Su Shi's bold and unconstrained ci, it should include two categories. The first category is vigorous, generous and tragic works. The second category belongs to wild and uninhibited, open and elegant works. Giving up the former means giving up the essence of Su Shi's bold and unconstrained ci. Sublating the latter can not fully reflect the essential characteristics of Su Shi's bold and unconstrained ci. Both are indispensable.
The first kind of representative works, such as Jiangchengzi. On the magnificent picture of Qian Shan's empty alleys, Ci is active with the author's own image. He was so drunk that he shouted, "What's the matter with frosty sideburns!" He not only has the hunting feat of leading Huang Qingcang to "talk about teenagers", but also longs to go to the northwest frontier to "shoot Sirius", eradicate the border troubles and serve the country and achieve something. The style is bold and vigorous. The word Niannujiao Chibi nostalgia is much more profound than Jiangchengzi. Relying on the ancient battlefield, the author's description and praise of the magnificent mountains and rivers aroused the poet's surging lofty aspirations, remembered the ancient heroes, devoted infinite admiration to the romantic figures who made great contributions to future generations, and entrusted the idea of "to Yao and Shun". However, in ancient and modern times, people can't help but feel sad and angry in the face of the grim reality of unpaid ambitions and premature birth of white hair. In the passionate and generous lyrics, a gloomy and desolate mood has also emerged. Generally speaking, these words more reflect the positive, vigorous and enthusiastic side of Su Shi's thought. Although few, it is a treasure in Su Shi's bold and unconstrained ci.
The whole story of Nian Nujiao shows Su Shi's nihilistic view of history and life to some extent. This idea has its origins. As early as in his youth, Su Shi wrote poems such as "A Hundred Years of Heroes Disturb Fish and Shrimp" (Ten Poems in Jingzhou) and "My heart is light and tired, and I feel at ease when I meet the situation" ("Going out of the Gorge"), which are the ideological basis of a large number of bold and elegant works in Su Shi's bold and unconstrained ci. We can't simply erase such words. Because in this kind of works, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, passive birth and active use of the world, detachment and persistence, decadence and optimism, indifference and enthusiasm are often complicated, contradictory and wonderfully unified. Try to read his famous poem "Shuidiao Tou";
When did the moon begin to appear? I take my glass from a distance. I don't know the palace in the sky, and I don't know the month and time. I want to go home in the wind, lest it be too cold on the roof. Dance and enjoy the shadow of the moon, which is in the world. The moon turned into a scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window, shining on the sleepy self. The moon should not have any resentment against people. Why is it round when people are gone? People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon will darken or shine, and it will become round or round. Nothing is perfect, even in the past. I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.
Facing the bright moon, the poet is imagining things. From drinking asking for the moon to fantasizing about "going home by the wind"-get rid of this annoying world and pursue that beautiful but ethereal spirit. But he also has a sober and realistic side, realizing that it is not as cold as the warmth of the world. So he sang, "What is it like to dance for shadows?" It not only stepped on the earth, but also brought out a kind of ecstasy. This is the fresh Su Shi! During the Mid-Autumn Festival, it is inevitable that people will feel sad when they are separated and miss their loved ones. But Su Shi can empathize with it, which is reasonable: people's joys and sorrows are like the ups and downs of the moon. This common sense of cosmic life has been natural since ancient times, not self-initiated. From a philosophical point of view, life is infinitely beautiful. As long as they live a long and healthy life, even if they are far apart, they can still exchange Yao Si's feelings through the bright moon. May all those who are "sleepless" on the moon relax and live happily! The unique success of Su Shi's ci lies in expressing the lyricism of things so harmoniously, rendering the contradictory unity of nature so poetically optimistic, and expressing the poet's unique personality so vividly.
After the Wutai Poetry Case, Su Shi's inner consciousness of Buddhism and Taoism also developed, so he yearned for the transcendental and ethereal realm in his poems to get rid of his mental depression. Just like the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival in Niannujiao, which he wrote in Huangzhou, is also different from Chen Bing's Mid-Autumn Festival Ci. The first part, "Sweet-scented osmanthus flies, shines brightly, and it is cool in autumn." Yuyu Qionglou, flying bear comes and goes, and people are in a cool country ",which is purely illusory and ethereal. "The next film is about his crazy songs, drunken drinking, drunken dancing under the moon, and he will return home with the wind. Why ride Peng wings! In the crystal palace, the flute was blown off with a loud voice, which is the image of "being at peace with the world" and "becoming immortal"
With the fall of Huangzhou, Danzhou was classified as Huizhou again and again. However, he didn't suddenly collapse mentally, but he didn't change his taste and his words were not easy to understand. His word "Dingfengbo" expresses his feelings through other people's affairs. Below it is a cloud:
The fewer years Wan Li has returned, the more she smiles, and the more she smiles, the more she shows her beautiful demeanor. Excuse me, "Lingnan should be bad"? But he said, "This peace of mind is my hometown." The hearty smile dispelled the miasma in Lingnan, and the open-minded mind ushered in the hometown of the heart. I don't care about relegation, but enjoy "traveling far away". This kind of realm and style is unprecedented in the field of ci.
It is regarded as the "true color" of the word to lament the hatred of mountains and rivers, the sadness of red and the sadness of green, and express your feelings of hurting spring and autumn. However, this traditional composition, after all, is narrow in realm and weak in style, which cannot open people's minds and give people a healthy aesthetic feeling. Su Shi's landscape poems are mostly unique and self-contained, such as:
Rocks go through the air, waves crack the shore and roll up thousands of piles of snow.
-"Niannujiao"
The endless water surface is crystal clear, reflecting the green shadow of the mountains. Suddenly, the river was rough, and a fisherman was sailing in the wind and waves.
-"Water Regulation"
Jianghan comes from the west, and the tall buildings are deep grapes. I still bring my own, Xuebo, and the spring scenery of Jinjiang.
-"Man Jiang Hong"
When the boat crosses the river, lie down and watch the green wall and the red building rise.
-"Water Dragon Hidden" or the water of XiongShan Qi, breaking the shore and shaking people's hearts; The reflection is bright, but suddenly the waves are dancing; Or the river rushes to the west, rolling with nostalgia; Sometimes dreaming of crossing the Chunjiang River and looking back at the verdant walls in the clouds can show the unique style of Su Ci, which is different from that of Liu Qin, a tern: magnanimous mind, broad realm, bright colors, fantastic ideas and heroic spirit, giving people healthy and clear artistic enjoyment.
Su Shi's landscape poems are not only famous for their grandeur and grandeur, but also for their love for landscapes, showing a strong pursuit of natural beauty, thus creating a selfless artistic beauty. Try reading his "Xijiang Moon";
According to the wild shallow waves, the sky is faint. Obstacles did not solve jade's arrogance. I want to sleep drunk. It's a pity that a romantic wind didn't teach you to crush Qiong Yao. Take off your saddle and rest at Qingyang Bridge, and there will be the sound of spring dawn in Du Yu. The bright moonlight, ethereal and crystal clear, is a kind of "non-earthly" scene. The poet was drunk and traveled by moonlight. Horses cherish mud and are full of pride. People love grass and want to sleep. They have shown the joy of mountains and rivers and forgot to return. The next one is even more brilliant, and the strange pen gives birth to spring. The beautiful jade in Bai Bi is a metaphor for moonlight and water, and it is fresh. It is particularly strange to sit on the ground with "crushing". Because she couldn't bear to disturb "a romantic wind", she didn't teach her horse to step on "Qiong Yao", and she really loved the beautiful scenery under the moon, so that she finally got drunk and waited for Du Yu to crow. -In this way, Su Shi opened up a new path for landscape poetry in the Song Dynasty.
Su Ci has a unique style, is bold and open-minded, and sometimes performs quite well in some ordinary little things in life. It can show feelings that predecessors have never had, and step into territories that predecessors have never reached. For example, his word "Dingfengbo":
Don't pay attention to the beating rain in the forest. Mei sings a long whistle and walks leisurely. Bamboo poles and shoes are lighter than horses. Who's scared? A raincoat and hemp fiber, despite the wind and rain, still live my life. The cold spring breeze woke me up and it was a little cold. The hillside is sloping, but it is pleasant. Looking back at the place where I met the wind and rain, going back, for me, there is no wind and rain, but it is still sunny. There is a small preface before the word: "It's raining on Hu Sha Road, rain gear first, and the peers are in a mess, I don't know." It has cleared up, so pretend to be like this. "Getting caught in the rain halfway is a trivial matter, but the poet can write unusual life insights and philosophies. When the storm suddenly broke out, everyone was in a mess, but the poet "sang and walked slowly", showing a calm, leisurely and chic demeanor. Life is changeable and the political situation is particularly unpredictable, but the author boldly declared: "Who is afraid?" A misty rain is a lifetime! This shows his strong character of integrity and his broad-minded feelings of changing with constancy. After reading this, I feel a sense of heroism, which makes people feel very comfortable. In the next film, I first write down my personal feelings about "spring breeze" and "sunset"-I don't know the difference between cold and warm, and I use metaphors to explain the scenery. This is the following picture. This knot expresses the main idea: "There is no wind and rain, and there is no sunshine. "Comparing joys and sorrows with rain and sunshine: since there is no rain and dew in nature, why should we care about the ups and downs and joys and sorrows of the world? What he is striving for is this indifferent spiritual realm of joys and sorrows. When the poet was demoted to Hainan in his later years, he wrote a poem "Unique": "@ [6] However, in the afternoon, the window was bright and clear, and he wanted to get drunk and snore. Looking back at the bleak land, rain or shine. "It serves to show his enthusiasm for this realm.
Although, reading Su Shi's bold and unconstrained ci, we should have enough vigilance and sober understanding of his dreamy, refined and illusory philosophical thoughts, on the whole, Su Shi's ci is sincere in feelings, distinctive in personality, broad-minded and cheerful, free in brushwork and elegant in style, which can really open people's minds, open new eyes and ears, and play a great role in opening up a new generation of fresh air.
(4)
Five pronouns in the late Tang dynasty, chanting things less. However, the chanting words in Dongpo Yuefu are unprecedented in both quantity and breadth. Su Shi's development and innovation in object-chanting poems are mainly manifested in three aspects:
First, "nature is different from romance" (Lotus Rhyme). It may be considered that this is an artistic requirement of Su Shi's poems about objects, that is, no matter what objects are chanted, one should write one's own characteristics. This "romantic style" refers not only to form, but also to spirit. His "Yongmei" is a stroke of genius:
Self-pity is not appropriate. Occasionally be a little red peach apricot, elegant and elegant, but still lonely and thin. Don't let your leisure pass away with the development of things. What happened? Wine makes you dizzy. Shishi never knew that Meg was here, chanting and looking at the green leaves and branches. ⑾ Stone has the poem "Hongmei": "Knowing that peaches have no green leaves, apricots have green branches." Su Shi felt superficial and said, "The poet never knew where Meg was." In this poem, Su Shi not only found a new way, but also vividly demonstrated the author's noble and noble character. Don't say that red berries are naturally red, just say that they are "occasionally made of small red peaches and apricots" because "self-pity ice is out of place." Nevertheless, her "carefree and elegant" posture and the essence of "lonely and thin snow and frost posture" will never change. This is the real "Meg"! It is also a self-portrayal of Su Shi's "personality" that he does not go with the flow and insists on high morality and integrity. Liu Xizai pointed out with insight: "Those who study Poe's ci can get it from this." ⑿
Second, the use of personification, fully expanding the imagination space, and describing the recited things from form to spirit at multiple levels, such as Shui Yang Long Yin Hua, which is considered to be the most exquisite thing to recite;
Much like a flower, it seems that it is not a flower, and no one falls to the ground. Leaving home on the side of the road is cruel to think of, thoughtful to think of, caring, sleepy and charming, and open and close. Dreams follow the wind in Wan Li, seeking lang and chasing warblers. I don't hate this kind of flowers falling completely, but I hate the West Garden, which is full of withered flowers. Where are the traces of falling flowers after the rain in the morning? Drift into the pool and become a pool of duckweed. If the spring scenery is divided into three parts, two of them become dust, and the other part disappears when it falls into the water. In detail, it seems that it is not a flower, but a little tears. This word takes the spirit from appearance, "rhyme is like the original song" [14], which shows that the talent of the word is extraordinary. "Like a flower is still like a non-flower", the first sentence is extremely wonderful, which lays the foundation for the purpose of an object-chanting poem: "Like a flower" and "non-flower" are inseparable. Only when it is, can we make all kinds of comparisons without leaving the ontology, and there are traces to be found; Only by leaving can we fully expand our imagination without losing it. It's like thinking that a woman has been abandoned. Seemingly "heartless", but actually "intentional". The thinking woman's heart is full of twists and turns, charming eyes are sleepy, just like the soft winding of willow branches, willow leaves are erratic. "Dreams follow" is written in the Tang poem "Spring Sorrow", and Huayang dances with the wind and rises and falls back and forth; Thinking of a woman who left her soul to find her husband and flew over Wan Li, Yingying recalled her dream and captured the soul of Huayang and the god of women's thoughts. In contrast, the original famous phrase "the bead curtain is loose, hangs down and is lifted by the wind" is inevitably eclipsed. In the next film, the author found another way and his imagination became more and more exciting. The word is set off by falling red, writing that spring has passed, but it is infatuated, starting from "it rains at dawn" and tracing back to Huayang's final destination. I don't want to see Zhiping in a mess, three-thirds of the spring scenery, committed to loess, paid for it, and no trace. At this point, the feeling of cherishing and hating spring, together with the feeling of "beauty dying", has been explored incisively and vividly. The conclusion is the crowning touch, and the first sentence should be answered from a distance, which shows the theme of unity of flowers and people in the book. At this point, chanting poems can be described as a deified work.
Third, "Ci originates from poetry. Although it is a small thing, it is also more expensive than the wind and people. " People in the Tang, Five Dynasties and Northern Song Dynasties paid little attention to things, but they all had sustenance. "⒂ On the whole, the poems about objects in the Northern Song Dynasty focus on the naturalness, clarity and ambiguity of artistic conception, and they are not very trusting. The Southern Song Dynasty focused on the ingenious thinking of words and the use of allusions, especially the sustenance. Su Shi's poems about geese in Bu Operator not only embody the artistic style of poems about objects in the Northern Song Dynasty, but also create a precedent for poems about objects in the Southern Song Dynasty:
The curved hook moon hangs on the sparse buttonwood; In the dead of night, the water from the water clock has been dripping. Who saw you alone? Fuzzy and lonely. At night, it suddenly becomes afraid, suddenly flies and comes back frequently, but no one always understands its infinite inner feelings. It kept wandering among the cold branches, but refused to perch on any tree, and finally landed alone on the cold shoal. The last movie is about meeting people. "You are alone" is true, but it is also like that kind of ethereal loneliness flying in the moon sky, which is empty. "A Vague Lonely Shadow" is a fictional writing, but it is also like a quiet person wandering in a small courtyard in the quiet night, seeing reality in the virtual. In short, reality and reality set out, and people are United. I wrote it when I was in a makeover, but it was still a pun, so I could see Hong's people. In the meantime, Gu Hong's image is very vivid, full of form and spirit, looking back from the action, picking up all the cold branches, stopping at the sandbar, and hating and complaining ideologically. This word has its sustenance, which is recognized in ancient and modern times, but there are different views on its connotation. In fact, Ci reflects a complicated psychological state of the poet's derogatory period of Huang. The poet couldn't sleep on a moonlit night and walked alone in the quiet courtyard. He occasionally caught a glimpse of loneliness, and at that time he was in love with each other, so he poured out his infinite attachment, grief, self-restraint and lonely feelings and made full use of the image of loneliness. The emotion of the whole poem is highly integrated with scenery, people and things, and it is naturally ambiguous, reaching an artistic realm without sustenance.
In a word, Su Shi's pioneering and innovative contribution to Song Ci is unprecedented and far-reaching, although Su Ci also has some artistic defects. In the future, Xin Qiji opened up a new realm and pushed the art of Song Ci to a new peak, relying on the times and personal factors, but it was also because of Su Shi. note:
(1) According to Dongpo Yuefu in Zhu Qiá ng @ ⑺ village, the first article "Langtaosha" ("Leaving Dongcheng Yesterday") was written in the first month of the fifth year of Xining, when Su Shi was thirty-seven, and his poems were already famous all over the world.
(2) Ye Mengde's Xia Lu.
(3) ⑿ See Liu Xizai's Art Outline.
(4) See the first issue of Qilu Academic Journal in 80 years.
5. Su Shi also wrote in "Huanxisha": "There are two harvests this year, and there are thousands of waves dancing in the clear sky." You can also see the poet celebrating the bumper harvest.
[6] The etymology of Zhang Yan
Once, Zheng approved Dongpo Yuefu.
Being Su Shi's Model.
Levies Chen Shidao's Poems on the Back Hill.
⑽ Ji Yun's "Summary of Siku Quanshu"
⑾ Su Shi also has a poem "Hongmei" with the same theme.
[14] [14] Wang Guowei's Ci Hua on Earth
⒂ Jiang Dunfu's "Fentuo Shili Hua Ci"
[16] or attached to the affair between men and women, see Long Fu's "The Legacy of the Female Red"; Or the main "Kao pán @?" said, see "Lei Bian Cao Tang Shi Yu" quoted @ ⑼ Yang Jushi language, but it was lost sentence by sentence.
⒄ See Zhou Ji's Selected Poems of Song Sijia and Miscellaneous Poems of Jiecun Zhai.
The foreign word @ (1) was originally named Shanyou.
@ (2) The original word is the left half of the red traditional Chinese character, and the right half is added with the right half.
@ (3) The original words are female right plus butterfly right half.
@ (4) The original word is right plus right in the left half of the club.
@ [5] The original word Jia Luan.
@ [6] The lower right part of the original word was changed to feather.
@ ⑺ The original word is a traditional Chinese character with strong words.
@ ⑻ The original words are added as usual.
@ ⑼ The original word is fish, and the traditional Chinese characters are added to the right.