What words were used in the Han Dynasty?

The development of calligraphy in Han Dynasty has gone through several periods. At first, the Han dynasty inherited the Qin system and used seal script as the earliest. Later, seal script declined, official script flourished and reached its peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cursive script (Cao Zhang) developed into a relatively mature font in the Han Dynasty, and regular script and running script also began to sprout. Stone carvings and bamboo slips and silks are the main carriers of calligraphy in Han Dynasty. More importantly, the progress of society has further expanded people's demand for writing. During the Han Dynasty, people made full use of these favorable factors to explore the beauty of words and the beauty that can be obtained by writing, which made the art of calligraphy present a prosperous situation and created a large number of classic works. At the same time, the thoughts of theorists in the late Han Dynasty have also become the earliest book theory works preserved so far, which has far-reaching influence in the history of book theory.

1, Korean seal

The Han dynasty inherited the Qin system, and Xiao Zhuan is one of the important applied characters. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was gradually replaced by official script, but it was still used in many special and important occasions, so the Han Dynasty was also a period worthy of attention. Its book remains mainly include: inscriptions, inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, brick carvings, bricks and tiles, ink and so on.

2. Lishu in Western Han Dynasty

The early Western Han Dynasty was the transition period of official script. There are two main types of preserved works: stone carvings and bamboo slips and silk books.

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the official script was mature. Existing works include: bamboo slips of Xuan Di period unearthed in Datong County, Qinghai Province 1 15; Wooden slips unearthed in Dunhuang, Gansu Province in the first year of Tianfeng (BC 14); Bamboo slips and wooden slips unearthed from the Han TombNo. Xupu 10 1 in Yizheng, Jiangsu Province (five years ago). The representative bamboo slips unearthed from No.40 Han Tomb in Dingxian County, Hebei Province were made by Xuan Di, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (73 BC-49 BC). The structure is horizontal and flat, the waves pick the shape, and the stippling can freely express the common pitching echo of the later official script, and the style is dignified and neat, which breaks away from the simplicity and childishness of the former. In addition, the imperial edict of Wang Zhang and the bamboo slips in the first year of Tianfeng after the founding of the People's Republic of China are also representative. But generally speaking, the official script was not completely standardized throughout the Western Han Dynasty. In the above-mentioned mature bamboo slips, there are quite a few official characters, or strokes, or structures, which are mixed with other font factors, probably because ink writing is more casual.

3. Li Shu in Eastern Han Dynasty

Mainly: inscriptions, brick carvings, bamboo slips.

4, cursive and running script, regular script

Cursive script is another font that matured in the Han Dynasty. Cursive script can be divided into Cao Zhang and Cao Jin. According to legend, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhi gradually pushed Cao Zhang to the grass, but there is no definite evidence. Xu Shen's "cursive script in Han Dynasty" refers to Cao Zhang, which matured with the fluctuation of official script in the process of its change, and saved strokes, changed the order of strokes and increased the number of lines, which can basically be regarded as the cursive script of official script. Cao Zhang not only has the elegance and tranquility of official script, but also has the agility and liveliness of cursive script. Its flavor is simple and lofty, and it is a font with great aesthetic value.

There are three kinds of works by Cao Zhang in Han Dynasty:

The first category is bamboo slips, and the representative works include Wuwei medical bamboo slips unearthed in Wuwei, Gansu Province, October bamboo slips unearthed in Dunhuang in the third year of Tianhan, bamboo slips for killing China, bamboo slips for eating in November, and the book of manslaughter unearthed in Shuijingguan, Juyan. This style is the most diverse, some simple and simple, some open and closed, some elegant and calm, all very dynamic.

The second category, brick carving, is representative works such as "Strange Brick" and "Ram Passing Brick". This kind of dignified, vertical and horizontal structure Pentium, magnificent.

The third category, carved posts, represents Zhang Zhi's autumn cool posts. This kind of gentleness and severity is generally considered to be reformed by later generations.

Regular script is the last finalized font in the history of calligraphy in China, and running script is generally regarded as its fast writing style. But in fact, they are female compatriots, and the running script may be earlier than the regular script. Some of their formal factors appeared in the official changes, but it was not until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty that they gradually condensed into a font.

The inscriptions on the pottery bottles in the second year of Yongshou in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 156), the first year of Xiping (A.D. 172), the pottery bottles in the period of Guanghe and the pottery bottles in the fourth year of Yongyuan, especially those unearthed in the tomb of Baoji City 1, have quite obvious meanings of running script and regular script.