At the beginning of the twentieth year of Jian 'an (632 BC), he led an army to cross the river from Zhijin (now southwest of hua county, Henan) and attacked Cao and Wei of Chu in an attempt to lure Chu aid. In the first month, Wei (now northwest of Qingfeng, Henan Province) was occupied. In February, wei ren, the capital of Chuqiu (now northeast of hua county, Henan Province), went to join the Qi Zhaohui (now southeast of Puyang, Henan Province), and wei ren, the capital of Chuqiu, surrendered to Jin by the monarch.
In March, Tao Qiu was captured in Caodu (now northwest of Dingtao, Shandong Province). However, the Chu army did not mobilize, but stepped up the siege of Shangqiu. When the Song Dynasty was in crisis, he made use of his advice and Qin and Qi's mentality of "being greedy and stubborn" to create contradictions between Qin, Qi and Chu with diplomatic strategies. On the one hand, let Song bribe Qin and Qi, let the two countries come forward and ask Chu to withdraw. On the other hand, it divided the land of Cao Wei from the Song Dynasty and strengthened its determination to resist Chu. Shangqiu failed to capture, and the land of Cao Wei was given to Song, but Chu refused to withdraw it. Qin and Qi then sent troops to help Jin, forming a strategic pattern of three forces working together to resist Chu.
Seeing the unfavorable situation, King Chu Cheng was afraid that Qin would take the opportunity to attack its rear and retreat to Shenyi (now northwest of Xingyang, Henan Province), and ordered the Chu army that besieged Shangqiu and Wuyi and occupied Guyi to retreat. However, the general who besieged Shangqiu was arrogant and determined to fight Jin. Determined to waver, the King of Chu agreed to Yu Zi's suggestion, but refused to fight with all his might. He only sent 600 royal soldiers to reinforce Yu Zi. Send someone to negotiate with Jin: if Jin promised the restoration of Cao Wei, Chu would lift the siege of Song Dynasty. The ministers of the state of Jin thought the situation was favorable and hoped for a decisive battle, but they were afraid of not agreeing to the conditions, which were hated by Song, Cao and Wei. So he secretly promised Cao and Wei to restore the country, advised them to break up with Chu, and detained Chu to make them angry. Zi Yu was furious and led an army to Tao Qiu. Jin Wengong, who was exhausted by the Chu army, lured Yu Zi to underestimate his enemy, so that he could have a decisive battle with Chu on the scheduled battlefield. So he retreated from Miyake (the first residence 15km) and went to Chengpu to meet the Qin and Qi armies.
On the first day of April, the Chu army entered Chengpu, and the next day, the two sides confronted each other. With the support of the Qin and Qi armies, the Jin Army is divided into the upper, middle and lower armed forces. Chu army takes Chen and Wei as the right army, Shen and Wei as the main force. The commander-in-chief of the Jin army ordered the weaker Chu right army to be defeated first; And let Jin pretend to retreat, dragging firewood and dust behind the array, creating the illusion that the rear army has retreated, so as to lure Chu to attack and expose its flank, and then return to the army to join forces with the Han army and defeat Chu. Yu Zi withdrew in time to avoid Zhong Jun's failure. When the Chu army retreated to Liangu (now Xihua, Henan), Yu Zi committed suicide. In this decisive battle, Jin Wengong and Xian Zhen made full use of the diplomatic strategy before the decisive battle, which was a turning point from strength to strategy. In the decisive battle, the Jin army was weak first and then strong, and they were defeated one by one, showing their advantages, luring the enemy deeper and developing tactically.
Battle of Changping:
In 262 BC, Zhao Haoqi, the state of Qin, sent a general to attack South Korea in Leitian, occupied the Wild King City, and cut off the contact between Shangdang County and the capital of South Korea. South Korea wanted to sacrifice Shangdang County to make peace with Qin, but the defenders of Shangdang County refused to surrender to Qin, so Zhao sent troops to take Shangdang County.
In the forty-seventh year of Zhao Haoqi (260 BC), the Qin Dynasty sent Wang Shu, the eldest son of Zuo Shu, to attack North Korea and seize Shangdang. Shangdang people fled to Zhao, who was stationed in Changping (now Changping Village, Gaoping City, Shanxi Province) to appease Shangdang people. In April, the King of Yue attacked Zhao. Zhao sent Lian Po to resist. Zhao foot soldiers ordered Qin to denounce the soldiers, and Qin denounced the soldiers to chop Zhao Bijiang eggplant. In June, he defeated Zhao and captured two armies and four armies. In July, Zhao Jun built a wall to defend. Qin Jun attacked the Zhao wall again, took the second commandant, and broke the array to seize the Western Wall.
The two sides were deadlocked for many days, and Zhao Jun suffered huge losses. According to the situation that the enemy was strong and we were weak and lost in the first battle, Lian Po decided to stick to the camp and prepare to attack Chi. Many times, Zhao did not send troops. The prince of Zhao repeatedly blamed Lian Po for this. In response to Hou, the Qin Dynasty sent people to take their daughters to pay bribes to Zhao. They used deviant methods to spread rumors and said: "What Qin hates and fears is Zhao Kuo, the son of Ma Fujun Zhao She; Lian Po is easy to deal with, and he is about to surrender. " The prince of Zhao resented Lian Po's defeat, suffered heavy casualties and earned Lian Po's stubborn refusal to fight. So he listened to rumors, sent Zhao Kuo instead of Lian Po as the general, and ordered him to lead troops to attack the State of Qin.
After Zhao Kuo came to power, the deployment of rebelling against Lian Po not only changed the military system in the war, but also replaced a large number of generals, which made Zhao's combat power decline. When Qin saw Zhao Zhongji, he secretly ordered Bai Qi to be the general and Wang Bi to be the lieutenant. Zhao Kuo is arrogant, but he is afraid to start from scratch. The king of Qin ordered that "whoever dares to vent his anger on Wu Anjun will be beheaded."
In the face of reckless and arrogant opponents, Tian Lei decided to retreat to lure the enemy, divide and panic. He ordered the border guards to take on the task of luring the enemy. When Zhao's army attacked, he pretended to be defeated and retreated. He deployed the main force in depth to build a bag-shaped position, and sent another 5 thousand troops to wedge between the enemy vanguard and the main force, waiting for an opportunity to split the Zhao army. In August, Zhao Kuo rashly took offensive action without knowing the actual situation. Pretend to fail, and secretly spread his wings to build Indiana Jones to intimidate Zhao. By the time Zhao attacked the pass, Qin was ready, and the pass was strong and could not be entered. Tian Lei ordered Indiana Jones to attack quickly and cut the Zhao army into three sections. Zhao Jun separated from head to tail, and the route for providing foodstuff was broken. Send hussars to harass Zhao. Zhao's war situation was critical, so he had to build a wall to support reinforcements. When the King of Qin heard that the grain and grass supply of Zhao was cut off, he went to Hanoi to supervise the war, recruited Ding Congjun, a male over 15 years old, and awarded him the rank of civilian, so as to stop the reinforcements and grain of Zhao and fight against Zhao with all his strength.
By September, Zhao Bing had been hungry for 46 days and even committed suicide. Desperate, Zhao Kuo regrouped his troops and divided them into four teams, which broke through in turn, but never got out. Zhao Kuo led a good soldier and was shot by Qin Jun. Zhao Kuo's army was defeated. 400,000 soldiers surrendered in vain. In vain, he tricked and killed all Zhao's soldiers, leaving only 240 soldiers to report back to Zhao. Zhao was stunned by it. Later, Ping Yuanjun of Zhao wrote to Wei Xinling, his wife's brother, and entrusted him to send troops to save Zhao. So Xin Lingjun went to ask Wang Wei to send troops to save Zhao, and Wang Wei sent Jinbi to lead hundreds of troops to save Zhao. However, due to the threat of Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, Wang Wei had to leave his troops in Yecheng for standby. In order to save Zhao, Xin had to use Hou Yi's stratagem to steal the tiger symbol, kill it, lead the troops to save Zhao, and defeat it in Handan, thus avoiding Zhao's premature demise.
Battle of Guilin:
Sun Bin, a descendant of Sun Wu, a soldier sage, was born in the State of Qi. Guiguzi, a military scientist, and Pang Juan, a general of Wei State, are old friends. However, after Pang Juan became the general of Wei, he was very jealous of Sun Bin's talent and tricked him into being flogged in the state of Wei, so that he could never lead troops to fight. After Sun Bin tried his best to escape to Qi, he was taken seriously.
Sun Bin finally got a chance to get back at Pang Juan. But he was in no hurry to meet Pang Juan on the battlefield. He advised Tian to give up his plan to lead the troops straight to Handan and fight with Wei Jun. While Wei Jun's main force was away and the domestic defense was empty, he took the lead in breaking (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) and drove Wei Jun, who was far away, to "save himself". Pang Juan returned to the army and stopped halfway, which saved Zhao and dealt a heavy blow to Wei, killing two birds with one stone.
Tian Ji used Sun Bin's tactics of "criticizing Kang for playing tricks" and "encircling Wei to save Zhao" to send troops to attack Ping Ling (now Dingtao, Shandong), a military town of Wei. Qi was not determined to attack Ping Ling, and Pang Juan was in no hurry to rescue him. He continued to try his best to conquer Handan. It was not until Wei Jun occupied Handan that it was in urgent need of rest. Sun Bin suggested that the Qi army should take the lead, forcing Pang Juan to save his army. After receiving the order, Pang Juan had to give up Handan and the trench and return to Li day and night. Sun Bin judged that Wei Bijing was in Guiling (now northwest of Henan placanticline), and immediately led the main force of the Qi army to the north and set an ambush in Guiling. When Wei Jun made a long journey to Guiling, the Qi army, which was earlier and earlier, suddenly attacked and defeated Wei Jun, and Pang Juan fled back to Wei alone (released after being captured).
2, 2, Shang Yang Reform
Relevant personnel:
Shang Yang and He Qin.
Story:
When Shang Yang was young, he was good at learning the name of punishment, and served as a middle-aged son (or "prince") under Wei Xianggong's uncle Cuo. Uncle Wrong recommended it to Wei Huiwang before his death, but King Hui could not use it. When Shang Yang heard that he was ordered to seek wisdom, he was so angry that he left Wei for Qin, saying that filial piety is the greatest. However, Gan Long, Du Zhi and other ministers disapprove of political reform. They created public opinion that "the wise rule without change" and "the legalist school has no hesitation", and filial piety was unmoved. They still regarded Shang Yang as a left aunt and ordered political reform.
After the promulgation of the law, Shang Yang put three-foot-long wood in the south gate of the capital, and was able to move the wood to the north gate to reward twelve ounces of gold, but no one responded. He also raised the reward to 50 gold, and one person subscribed for 50 gold to win the trust of the people. At that time, the prince broke the law, and Shang Yang punished his masters, Gongzi Qian and Gongsun Jia. The commentary of the Warring States Policy on this matter is: "Governing the Qin Dynasty, enforcing laws and regulations, being impartial, upright and powerful, and not appreciating privacy, is like a prince. After the end of the year, the road will not be answered, the people will not take it, and the soldiers will be strong and the princes will be afraid. " Shang Yang's courage to enforce the law did not avoid expensive situation, which caused great shock in Qin State. This is an important reason why everyone can abide by the law.
A few years after the implementation of the new law, Qin people had enough food and clothing, and their subjects dared to be public but not private, so the country flourished and filial piety took Shang Yang as a big tool. Two years later, Qin moved to Xianyang from Yong (now Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province) and changed the law for the second time.
In the twentieth year of filial piety (342 BC), the state of Qin became rich and powerful. Zhou He and other officials sent people to Qin Daoxi. The following year, Qin took advantage of Wei's defeat in the Battle of Maling and conquered Wei. Wei Gongzi Ang led the army to refuse, Shang Yang used deception to win Ang and Pojun, and Wei cut Hexi (now eastern Shaanxi) to make peace with Qin. Shang Yang was named 15 as the title of Shang Dynasty (now Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province, Xixia Region, Henan Province) and was called Shang Jun. ..
When Shang Yang and Qin Xiang were in power, Shang Yang's strict law enforcement aroused the resentment of Qin nobles. After filial piety, Prince Qin was named Li. In order to repay the debt, the pious son accused Shang Yang of trying to rebel and sent officials to arrest him. Shang Yang intended to escape to Wei, but Ren Wei refused to accept him because his son Ang was cheated. Shang Yang had no choice but to return to the State of Qin, but his followers sent troops to attack Zheng (now hua county, Shaanxi) and were defeated and killed. After Hui Wang was brought back to the capital, he crashed his car and destroyed his family.
3. Return to Zhao intact.
Related figures: Lin Xiangru, Wang Zhao, Qin Wang.
Story:
During the Warring States Period, the King of Zhao got a precious treasure jade "He Shi Bi". After knowing this, the king of Qin wrote a letter and sent someone to see the king of Zhao, saying that the king of Qin was willing to exchange fifteen cities for this treasure jade.
Knowing this, Lin Xiangru said to the prince of Zhao, "Your Majesty, let me take' He Shibi' to the king of Qin, and I will play it by ear when I get there. If the king of Qin refuses to exchange fifteen cities, I will definitely bring back' Heshibi' intact. " Knowing that Lin Xiangru was a brave and witty man, the prince of Zhao agreed to go.
When Lin Xiangru arrived in Qin, the king of Qin greeted him in the palace. Lin Xiangru dedicated his "Harmony" to the King of Qin. The king of Qin took it and looked left and right. He likes it very much. After reading it, he handed it to the ministers one by one and then to the concubines in the harem.
Lin Xiangru stood there alone, waiting for a long time, but he didn't see the king of Qin ceding fifteen cities, knowing that the king of Qin didn't have the sincerity to exchange these cities for Baoyu. But Baoyu has been in the hands of the king of Qin. How can I get it back? He thought about it and came up with a way. He went up to the king of Qin and said, "Although this piece of' Heshibi' looks good, it has some problems. Let me show it to the king. " When the king of Qin heard something was wrong, he hurriedly asked someone to take Baoyu from the harem to Lin Xiangru.
Lin Xiangru took a few steps back with the "Harmony Jade", leaned against the pillar and said angrily to the king of Qin: "At the beginning, this king sent a letter to the king of Zhao, saying that he was willing to exchange fifteen cities for Zhao's" Harmony Jade ". Minister Zhao said, don't believe Qin's lies. I don't think so. I said that the people still speak faith, not to mention the king of Qin! The prince of Zhao took my advice, and this just sent me to send' and choi'. Just now, the King took Baoyu and gave him to the people below to walk around, but he didn't mention the change of the fifteen cities. From this point of view, the king did not really have the sincerity to exchange the city for the wall. Now I have Baoyu. If the king insists on persecuting me, I would rather hit my head on this pillar with this treasure jade! " Lin Xiangru said, and lifted the "and choi", to the post, and fell over.
The king of Qin wanted the samurai to rob him, but he was afraid that Lin Xiangru really broke Baoyu. He quickly apologized to Lin Xiangru and said, "Don't worry, doctor, my words don't count!" He asked someone to bring the map, pretending to point to it and saying, "From here to there, fifteen cities will be given to Zhao." Lin Xiangru thought, the king of Qin often plays tricks, don't be fooled by him again! He said to the king of Qin: "This piece of' Heshibi' is a world-famous treasure. When I sent it to Zhao Guolai, Wang Zhao fasted for five days and held a grand ceremony to send Baoyu at the court. Now that the king wants to take this treasure jade, he should fast for five days and hold a ceremony in the court to take it before I can present it. " The king of Qin said, "Good! Just do it! " He sent someone to take Lin Xiangru to the hotel to rest.
Lin Xiangru took Baoyu's piece and went to the mansion. He asked one of his men to dress up as a businessman, wrapped Baoyu in his body and sneaked back to Zhao through the alley. As for what the king of Qin would do to him, he didn't even consider it.
Later, the king of Qin found out about it, and it was too late to regret it. He wanted to send troops to attack Zhao, and Zhao was afraid that he could not win, so he was ready militarily. Finally, the king of Qin had to let Lin Xiangru return to Zhao. This matter is known as "returning to Zhao in perfect condition".
4, will be harmonious
Related persons: Lin Xiangru, Lian Po.
Story:
Because of Lin Xiangru's outstanding achievements, the prince of Zhao named Lin Xiangru as Shangqing, ranking higher than Lian Po.
Lian Po was unconvinced. He said to others, "I was invincible in Lian Po and made great contributions. What can he do with Lin Xiangru? He just climbed on my head with one mouth. As soon as I meet him, I have to give him little shoes! " This word reached Lin Xiangru's ear, and Lin Xiangru called in sick to avoid meeting Lian Po.
One day, Lin Xiangru went out by car and saw Lian Po riding a big horse. He quickly asked the driver to drive the car back. People in Lin Xiangru don't like it. They said that Lin Xiangru was afraid that Lian Po would see a cat like a mouse. Why should he be afraid of him? Lin Xiangru said to them, "Please think about it. Who is stronger, General Lian or King Qin? " They said, "Of course the King of Qin is great!" Lin Xiangru said, "I am not afraid of the king of Qin. Will I be afraid of General Lian? As is known to all, the King of Qin did not dare to attack our State of Zhao, just because he had Lian Po in martial arts and Lin Xiangru in literature. If we quarrel, it will weaken Zhao's strength, and Qin will certainly take the opportunity to attack us. So for our Zhao, I avoided General Lian! "
Lin Xiangru's words reached the ears of Lian Po. Lian Po calmed down and thought about it, feeling that he had neglected the interests of the country in order to win a sigh of relief. This is very wrong. So he took off his shirt, put thorns on his back, and went to Lin Xiangru's door to confess his sins. Lin Xiangru saw Lian Po come to offer a humble apology, and hurriedly came out to warmly welcome him. From then on, they became good friends and defended Zhao together.
Qu Yuan threw himself into the river.
Related figures: Qu Yuan, Chu, Ling Yin, Shanxi Merchants, Fisherman.
Story:
Qu Yuan advised King Xiang of Chu to recruit talented people, stay away from villains, encourage soldiers, train soldiers and avenge Wang Huai for his country. However, his suggestion not only failed to fulfill his responsibility, but attracted the hatred of Yin and Jin merchants. They speak ill of Qu Yuan in front of Xiang Wang every day.
They said to King Xiang of Chu Qing, "Didn't your majesty hear Qu Yuan scold you? He always tells people that it is unfilial for a king to forget the enemy of Qin; Ministers who do not advocate anti-Qin are disloyal. With such disloyal and unfilial monarch and minister, how can Chu not perish? Your majesty, think about what this is called! "
King Xiang of Chu was furious, dismissed Qu Yuan and exiled him to southern Hunan.
Qu Yuan came to the bank of the Miluo River, with his hair hanging freely, while walking in Shui Ze, chanting. He has a haggard face and a thin body. When the fisherman saw him, he asked, "Aren't you Dr. San Lv? Why did you come here? " Qu yuan said: "the world is turbid, but I am innocent;" Everyone was drunk, and I was the only one awake. So he was exiled. " The fisherman said, "saints are not bound by external things, but can change with the world." "The whole world is overcast, why not follow the crowd and add fuel to the fire? Everyone is drunk, why not eat some distiller's grains and drink some thin wine? Why do you want to embrace the quality of Meiyu, but you are exiled? " Qu Yuan said, "I heard that people who have just washed their hair must shake the dust off their hats, and people who have just taken a shower must shake the dust off their clothes. Who can let his innocent body be polluted by foreign objects? I'd rather throw myself into a flowing river and bury myself in the belly of a river fish. How can I let my noble quality suffer from worldly dirt? " So he wrote Huai Sha Fu. So, he held the stone and threw it into the Miluo River and died.
The fisherman felt very uncomfortable. Facing the river, he scattered the rice in the bamboo tube on the ground as a gift to Qu Yuan.
On the fifth day of May of the following year, the local people remembered that it was the first anniversary of Qu Yuan's plunge into the river, rowed a boat and scattered rice in a bamboo tube to sacrifice to him. Later, they changed the bamboo tube filled with rice into zongzi and rowed the boat into a dragon boat. This activity in memory of Qu Yuan has gradually become a custom. People call the fifth day of the fifth lunar month the Dragon Boat Festival every year, which is said to be the origin of it.