Hao Jing Hao Jing was born in the troubled times at the end of Jin Dynasty. Jin Zhengda spent eight years (123 1) taking refuge with his parents in Lushan, Henan. The following year, Mongolian soldiers went south, and Hao Jing went north with his parents and moved to Shuntian (now Beijing). His father mainly relies on teaching students to support a family of six. At that time, Hao Jing 12 years old, began to study in the south hall of Zhong Zhang An monk in Tiefo Temple for five years. He "takes it as his duty to revive sven and make the world disciplined." Reading is devoted to the Six Classics, concentrating on the study of Errol, and dabbling in a subset of history. "
With Hao Jing becoming outstanding in knowledge and conduct, Manet spent two years in Zhenguan (1243). He was hired by Mongolian marshals Jia Fu and Zhang Rou to set up a library to teach in their home. Zhang Rou's home is rich in books, and Hao Jing's vision is broad and his vision is greatly increased. When Jia and Zhang were teachers, they met Yuan Haowen, an old man in Jin Dynasty, and Zhao Fu, a master of Neo-Confucianism. Yuan Haowen's theory of poetry creation. Hao Jing praised Yuan Haowen's knowledge and personality, called him a "great master" and held a ceremony to accept disciples. Hao Jing visited Zhao Fu many times and made friends with him. Zhao Fu admired Hao Jing very much and said, "There are many people who study for learning, but people who stand between heaven and earth like my uncle often have nothing to hide.".
He was an official in Yuan Xianzong for two years (1252), and Kublai Khan started his government in Jinlianchuan. Hao was recommended, and Kublai Khan sent messengers twice to summon him, and then sent him to the north with letters. In the first month of six years (1256), I met Kublai Khan in Shatuo. Kublai Khan asked Hao Jing how to protect the country and people and what the emperor should do. Hao Jing "led two emperors and three kings to govern Taoism, enjoining their relatives to be kind to the people, loving the people and loving things", and Kublai Khan "was filled with joy".
"In the next few days, I took the right thing seriously and ordered him to play the speaker." Hao Jing has more than 30 articles about the scale of the founding of the People's Republic. Kublai Khan asked "the urgent task", and Hao Jing "hit the nail on the head by listing the items 1 1 that are particularly harmful to people and politics in the world", and Kublai Khan "all thought it was good". Although some of Hao Jing's suggestions could not be implemented immediately, after the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the "system of changing everything" adopted Hao Jing's "about 16-7" suggestion.
Since the destruction of gold, the Mongolian army began to go south, trying to annex the Southern Song Dynasty as soon as possible. Hao Jing has a negative attitude towards this. He told Kublai Khan the historical experience of "one of the masters of the ancient world, relying on virtue instead of strength". At the same time, through the analysis of the situation in Mongolia and Song Dynasty, he thought that Mongolia was "a vassal's inner view, and the people suffered from it", while in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was "a reconciliation between the monarch and the minister, a diligent administration, and no trouble to take advantage of" (Biography of Yuan Shihao). Therefore, it is advocated that we should not immediately cut down the Song Dynasty, but focus on eliminating bad politics, following Chinese laws, selecting talents, using abilities, creating laws and regulations, reducing taxes, reclaiming land, consolidating internal affairs, and making the world look brand-new.
In the eighth year of Xianzong (1258), when Mongolian Khan ordered Kublai Khan to divide his army and levy an expedition in Hubei, Hao Jing wrote to Kublai Khan many times, saying not to go south. Kublai Khan first rejected Hao Jing's suggestion, saying that he had agreed that Mongolian Khan would jointly attack the Song Dynasty and could not stop. However, when Mongo Khan died in Hechuan Fishing Mountain and Ali Bouguer attempted to usurp the throne, which threatened Kublai Khan's right to inherit the throne, Kublai Khan began to adopt Hao Jing's suggestion. In the Southern Song Dynasty, traitor Jia Sidao sent envoys to pay tribute, and Kublai Khan moved his troops northward, which was a great event. Here, Hao Jing was appointed as the deputy envoy of Fu Xuan in Jianghuai, Jinghu and Hunan North Road.
In the first year of Yuan Dynasty (1260), Kublai Khan was in a sweat position in Kaiping, and awarded Hao Jing imperial academy a bachelor's degree, making him the special envoy of the Southern Song Dynasty. He Yuan, Wei Liu, and his entourage, Gao Ke as the assistant, Gou Zongdao as the book assistant, and dozens of people such as Ma Depin and Kong Jin as members of the delegation. Hao Jing's trip aroused the envy of some Han Chinese in Mongolia, and Wang Wentong of Pingzhang privately instructed the general Li Chao to invade the Song Dynasty in an attempt to undermine the peace talks in the name of the Southern Song Dynasty. Jia Sidao, a traitor in the Southern Song Dynasty, was also very afraid of the arrival of Hao Jing and his party. I was afraid that Ezhou (now Wuhan, Hubei Province), which had made great contributions in the past, would be exposed by the enemy's misdeeds, and strongly opposed Hao Jing's entry into the Song Dynasty.
Hao Jingyuan intended to enter the Song Dynasty through Lianzhou, but Li Cong advised them to return, on the grounds that the two men he sent to the Southern Song Dynasty had been killed by Song Chuzhou's appeasement. Hao Jing, unmoved, turned to Suzhou Wuhe camp, which lasted nearly five months before he entered the Song Dynasty in the late autumn of that year. However, as soon as he entered the Song Dynasty, Jia Sidao took Li Yue's invasion of the DPRK as an excuse and ordered the eastern part of Huai River to detain Hao Jing and his party in Zhou Zhen (now Yizheng, Jiangsu) for 16 years. During this period, Hao Jing wrote many letters to the Southern Song Dynasty monarch and minister, but all of them were wasted under the prevention of Jia Sidao. In order to resist Hao Jing, Jia Sidao lied that the Yuan court was chaotic, and sent people to seduce him several times, which was denounced by Hao Jing. He also sent people to pretend to be bullied by robbers who broke into the prison at night and cut off the supply of life, which failed to shake Hao Jing's will.
In June of the 11th year of Yuan Dynasty (1274), Kublai Khan ordered Prime Minister Bo Yan to lead an army to attack the Southern Song Dynasty, ordered the Minister of Ritual to go to The Hague and accompany Hao Jing's brother Hao Yong to the Song Dynasty, and asked the emissary to be detained without reason. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial court reasoned poorly, and the Yuan army was invincible, so it had to send the general Duan You to send Hao Jing and his party back to the north with gifts. Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu also sent Privy Council officials and ministers to meet him from a distance.
In the summer of the twelfth year (1275), Hao Jing and his party returned to Dadu, which had been away for sixteen years. Kublai Khan gave a banquet in honor of the imperial court, rewarded them and asked Hao Jing about political affairs. It was autumn and he died of illness. Yan Wenzhong.
His works include hundreds of volumes of monographs such as Continued Han Shu, Chunqiu Zhuan, Zhouyi Zhuan, Taiji Performance, Yuangu Lu, Yuheng Zhenguan, Tongjian Calligraphy, Sanzi Zhuan, Ya Yi Wang, Pedestrian Record and Lingchuan Collection. The extant editions are Continued Han Shu and Lingchuan Ji.
Continued Han Shu was published in Yan Yuan, and was welcomed by Yongle Grand Ceremony in Ming Dynasty and Sikuquanshu in Qing Dynasty. At that time, Emperor Qianlong's "Imperial Title Hao Jing (Continued Four Poems of the Later Han Dynasty)" sang: "Being detained as an envoy, the two countries coincided with the construction of a plan; I would like to attach Lu Lian's ambition and write an empty book. "... Later, the Commercial Press published 1937 in Shanghai, which was divided into three volumes, with" Basic Series of Chinese Studies "as the symbol at the top of the title. Subsequently, the Commercial Press printed it for the second time in Beijing on 1958, Zhonghua Book Company printed it for the third time in Beijing on 1988, and the Taiwan Province Commercial Press published the title of Taibei Edition. Lingchuan Collection contains 423 poems by Hao Jing, totaling more than 670 poems. Fu 15 articles; There are more than 65,438+090 articles about arguments, excuses, books, biographies, inscriptions, prefaces, notes, epitaphs, eulogies and recitations. After the publication of the Yuan Dynasty, it spread among the people in the Ming Dynasty. Fortunately, Li Shuyuan of Qinshui County in Zezhou was an official in Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei Province), and I came across several Lingchuan Collection. Hao Jing, an ancient philosopher in his hometown, especially admired his scenery. It took him more than 20 years to be completely satisfied. It was published in the second year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (AD 1507).
Anecdotal story 19 1 1 in the spring of (125 1), a 29-year-old teacher in Jia Jia Jia's home, a Taoist priest in Lingchuan, went to Yan Dou to burn incense. When passing by Baoding, he cried to his hometown people that they were oppressed by Mongolian bureaucrats. Hao Jing listened to the bitter complaint of the Taoist priest in his hometown. He was not only in tears, but also very angry. He angrily wrote "Hedong sin words" and wrote a letter to the Mongolian ruling group at the risk of an accident. Surprisingly, instead of blaming Hao Jing, Kublai Khan called Hao Jing to the palace. He deeply felt the bloody weight of this "people's book", "the people are not living, and the country is not living"!
1March 260, Kublai Khan ascended the throne, and immediately issued a decree, abolishing the right of Mongolian kings to directly levy taxes on farmers, greatly reducing the burden on northerners.
Goose sent a message that Hao Jing was sent to Song Dynasty and put under house arrest by Jia Sidao in Zhou Zhen. The prisoner was 16 years. During this period, Yuan Ting didn't know whether he was alive or dead.
After being imprisoned for several years, Hao Jing picked out a strong and flying goose from the live geese fed by the Song people on 1274, tied a wax book on the goose's foot and released it. "Fifteen years after returning to China" is actually "five years of Shengyuan". Hao Jing was detained in the Song Dynasty and didn't know the changes in the Yuan Dynasty, so he decided to call it "fifteen years of reunifying China".
During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Su Wu, the minister of the Han Dynasty, was ordered to be an ambassador to the Xiongnu and was detained in Beihai (now Lake Baikal). Huns bullied the weak and feared the hard, seduced Su Wu, and tried their best, but this loyal minister of the Han Dynasty held Jeff in his hand and vowed to be unyielding. Until Emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, he sent someone to personally expedition the Huns and demanded that Su Wu be returned to Han. The Huns were indefensible and lied that Su Wu had already died of illness. When Han Mi reported that Su Wu was still alive, he lied that the son of heaven was shooting geese in Shanglinyuan. One of the geese was written by Su Wu himself in silk, indicating that he was still trapped in the swamp in the north. This move really worked, and the Huns who believed that "Machamp was in chaos" were terrified, so they sent someone to find Su Wu and returned him to the Han Dynasty. The power of literature and history is really great, so Hao Jing performed a "reality show" based on it, and translated the "story" compiled by China's former envoy into reality.
Historical evaluation of Bi Yuan: "Being a man, emphasizing integrity, is useful for academics." (Volume 183 of "A Mirror for Continuing Education")
Liu: "Being a man or being virtuous, learning is useful and thinking is thoughtful." (Ji Fu Tong Zhi, Volume 130)
According to historical records, Yuan Shi (volume 157) and Biography 44 have been circulated.
Deeds are recorded in "Continuing the History as a Mirror Volume 183" and "Jifu Tongzhi Volume 130".
Personal influence People's Daily15th edition on October 7th 1983 165438 published an article entitled "Introduction to Academic Discussions of Mongolian Historical Society in China" and made the following comments:
In the early days of song and yuan war, the main purpose of the Mongolian War was to plunder wealth and satisfy economic greed. By Kublai Khan, the nature of song and yuan war had changed. Hao Jing put forward the "Chinese law" earlier, and advocated moving the capital to Yanjing, making peace with the Southern Song Dynasty, and stopping the soldiers to help the people, which was accepted by Kublai Khan. He repeatedly ordered the prohibition of atrocities, so that the Mongolian army basically stopped looting and killing. Kublai Khan can conform to the historical trend and finally unify China.
Hao Jing, who advocates neo-Confucianism, opposes "the distinction between Chinese and foreigners", but advocates "four seas and one country", advocates unifying the world and ending the state of division since the late Tang Dynasty, but opposes the hierarchical view among different nationalities. Hao Jing also advocated that there is no need to learn from the ancients in everything, and put forward that "there is no need to demand others' laws as laws". He believes that "the Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties are unknown, taking the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties as the law, and dare not do it on their own; In the five seasons and today, unknown scholars take the Tang and Song Dynasties as the law and dare not do it themselves, emphasizing that literati should "rely on themselves" when writing articles. It embodies Wen Zi's strong knowledge consciousness, free thought and innovative spirit.
His two books, Inward Travel and Theory of Cultivation, give full play to Mencius' argument that "I am good at nurturing my noble spirit", emphasize the self-cultivation of the subject spirit, and put forward that "the reason why saints are sacred, the reason why sages are virtuous and the reason why they are great are all cultivated" (Theory of Cultivation). Moreover, for article writing, he also emphasized that "everyone does his own thing" and "it is not necessary to seek the law of others as the law". "The Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties were unclear, and the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties were afraid to do it themselves; In the five seasons and today, the unknown family took the Tang and Song Dynasties as the law and dared not do it on their own "("Answering Friends' Essays "). There is a strong sense of confidence and innovation here.
Hao calligraphy attaches great importance to the inner cultivation of the subject of calligraphy art creation, and limits the scope of rich knowledge cultivation to Neo-Confucianism. When talking about the object and process of calligraphy learning, he put forward a completely rational order.
He thinks: "To write a book today, we must first read the Six Classics and know where the Tao is. Shang Yang's theory of ancient scholars has its knowledge, ambition, meaning and fierce merits. " Then came Han Li and Qin Zhuan, who toyed with the ancient seal script. In order to get the emperor's intention, they set up a pen to create a law and get rid of the secular world, and then they became familiar with the two Wang Guan books ... Taking the right as the odd and the odd as the right, they went in and out between the two kings, and calligraphy began after the Qin Zhuan emperor Han Li. "("Zhu Sheng calligraphy ")