Examiner: special officials, ministers and imperial envoys of the central governments of provinces.
Gong Shi, student (Confucian scholar), student and supervisor.
The name of the winner, the student (scholar), was awarded to Gong Jinshi.
Date twice within three years, in August, noon and unitary year, in March of the following year, after having obtained the provincial examination in Guibang, and in April of the same year, in Apricot List.
First place, the first case is solved, and the champion is in hand.
second
Bangyan
third place
Tan Hua
The content and form of the imperial examination system began in the Sui Dynasty, and the subjects of imperial examinations in various dynasties were constantly changing. From the changes in the subjects and forms of imperial examinations in different dynasties, we can see the orientation of the ruling class in employing people, and also reflect the demand for talents in different times. Wendi only asks questions, and Yang Di opens ten subjects. There were many examination subjects in the Tang Dynasty, and the permanent subjects mainly included Ming Jing (Confucian classics), Jinshi, (law), (writing) and (arithmetic). In the Ming Dynasty, Jinshi had only one subject. The Qing dynasty attacked the Ming system, but also set up specialized (specialist), such as erudition, translation, economics and so on. In addition to special subjects, the contents of Ming Jing and Jinshi are mainly Confucian classics. Different dynasties have different examination forms. In the Tang Dynasty, there were mainly Mo Yi, oral examination, sutra pasting, tactics and poetry. In Song Dynasty, there were Jing Yi, Strategical Strategy, Poetry and so on. In the Ming Dynasty, there was only one Jing Yi. ▲ Mo Yi Mo Yi is a simple question and answer question around Jing Yi and notes. In a paper, there are often as many as 30 to 50 such topics. The oral test is an oral answer to questions like Mo Yi's. ▲ Sticking to the classics is like filling in the blanks and reciting modern poems. The examiner selects a page from the famous works and prints a line on the test paper. According to this line, candidates should fill in the relevant context. ▲ Policy issues, that is, discussion. Candidates express their opinions and put forward countermeasures according to the examiner's questions about morality or politics. Policy issues cover a wide range, including politics, education, production and management. It is more difficult than sticking scriptures and Mohism, and some of them have some practical value. ▲ Poetry Fu, Yonglong two years (68 1) Some people think that the Ming Classic plagiarized more righteous articles, and the discussion only talked about old strategies or failed to show true talents and practical learning. It is suggested to add two essays (one poem and one fu), so the poetry and fu exam began. ▲ Jing Yi Jing Yi is discussing the meaning of books. If there is still room for candidates to play in policy making, there is no personal thought in Confucian classics, and candidates just follow the "sage book" designated by the court. Since the Song Dynasty, the meaning of Confucian Classics and Mohism has been replaced by Confucian Classics, but in the Ming Dynasty, Confucian Classics was simply tested, and scholars really entered a dead end of "dead reading, dead reading".
[Edit this paragraph] The influence of the imperial examination system
The imperial examination system was implemented in China for 1300 years, which had a far-reaching impact on China's social structure, political system, education and humanistic thought after Sui and Tang Dynasties. The original purpose of the imperial examination was to promote talents for the government from the people. Compared with hereditary system and recommendation system, imperial examination is undoubtedly a fair, open and just method, which improves the employment system. At first, Japan, South Korea and Vietnam in East Asia held imperial examinations in China, and Vietnam abolished the imperial examinations after China. 16 and 17 centuries, European missionaries saw China's imperial examination system and introduced it to Europe in their travel notes. /kloc-During the Enlightenment in the 8th century, many British and French thinkers praised China's fair and just system. /kloc-The recruitment method of civil servants established in Britain in the middle and late 9th century stipulated that government civil servants should be recruited through regular public examinations, and gradually formed a civil service system imitated by European and American countries. The examination principles and methods adopted by the British civil service system are very similar to those adopted by China Imperial Examination, which absorbed the advantages of Imperial Examination to a great extent. So some people call the imperial examination the fifth invention of Chinese civilization. Today's examination system is a continuation of the imperial examination system to a certain extent. Since the Song Dynasty, the imperial examination has been conducted regardless of birth, wealth or poverty. This not only greatly broadens the basis for the government to select talents, but also gives middle and lower-level intellectuals the opportunity to go to the upper level of society through scientific research. This policy has played a considerable role in maintaining the stability of the whole society. Nearly half of the scholars in Ming and Qing dynasties were "poor families" whose ancestors did not study, or although they studied, they did not become officials. But as long as you can "climb the dragon gate", you will naturally be "worth ten times". Over the years, thousands of students have bowed their heads as willing cows, hoping to become famous and honor their ancestors. It can be said that imperial examination is an effective way to network and control scholars to consolidate rule. The imperial examination excavated and trained a large number of talents for the dynasties of China. 1300 years, the imperial examination produced nearly100000 scholars and millions of scholars. Of course, not everyone is a man of insight, but most of them are not idle. During the Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, among the famous officials of the Han people and the pillars of the country, most of them came from Jinshi. The practice after Yingzong in the Ming Dynasty was "no scholar, no academician, no cabinet", and the imperial examination became the only way for senior officials. Matteo Ricci came to China in the middle of Ming Dynasty, and the scholar-officials in charge of governing the whole country were produced by the imperial examination system.