Li Houzhu Li Yu's life story!

Li Yu (937-978), or Li Houzhu, was the last monarch of the Southern Tang Dynasty (because his father Li Jing had already surrendered to Chai Rong, the emperor of the later Zhou Dynasty, when he was in the Southern Tang Dynasty), and his ancestral home was Xuzhou. Li Yu, whose original name is Jia Cong, is known as Zhongshan Hermit, Zhongfeng Hermit, An Baili Laishi and Lianfeng Laishi. Li Yu was captured by the Northern Song Dynasty after the downfall of the Southern Tang Dynasty, but he became the leading poet in the history of China, known as the Emperor of Ci, and his works spread through the ages. Li Yu, the sixth son of Yuan Zong Li Jing in the Southern Tang Dynasty, is "a filial person, good at writing articles, meticulous in painting and calligraphy, and full of eyes and teeth". Because Li Jing's second to fifth sons all died early, Li Hongji, Li Yu's eldest brother, was actually his second son when he was the Crown Prince. Li Hongji was a "jealous man" [3], but Li Yu, who was steady at that time, was afraid that Li Hongji would be suspicious of him and did not dare to participate in politics. He reads just for fun every day. Li Hongji died shortly after poisoning Li Jingsui in 959. Li Jing intends to make Li Yu a prince. Zhong Mo said, "From the protection, I am cowardly, Buddhist and inhuman." Being kind, courageous and dignified, it is very suitable to be an heir. "Excavate great anger, made an excuse, the Zhong Mo relegated to the country, exiled to Raozhou. Li Yu was made a prince of Wu, a scribe and a political expert. He can live in the East Palace and learn to handle political affairs nearby. 96 1, in the second year of Song Dynasty, Li Jing moved to Nanchang, made Li Yu the crown prince to supervise the country, and left him in Jinling. After the death of Li Jing in June, Li Yu ascended the throne in Jinling. Li Yu is "arrogant, sensual, ostentatious, and does not care about political affairs in order to talk loudly." " [4]。 Li Yu believes in Buddhism. "Cool pagoda, worship pagoda temple, monks and nuns can't win. It is a waste of political affairs to stop North Korea and build a Buddhist building. "[5] In the palace, in China, religion is carried forward. Even militarily, Buddhism is the foundation. I wear robes and recite Buddhist scriptures every day. Until Song Jun arrived at the gate, Li Yu was still listening to the monks chanting in Jingju Temple. After Song Jun destroyed the Southern Han Dynasty in 97 1 year, Li Yu changed his name to Jiangnan Master to show that he did not oppose the Song Dynasty. In 973, Song Taizu ordered Li Yu to go to Kaifeng, but he refused to go because of illness. Song Taizu sent Cao Bin and his army to attack Nantang. In 975, Cao Bin conquered Jinling and the Southern Tang Dynasty perished. Li Yu reigned for fifteen years and was called Li Houzhu and the Empress of Southern Tang Dynasty. In 975, after Li Yu was captured, he was appointed as the disobedient Kaifeng Hou, and General Baizuo was appointed as Wei. In 976, Song Taizu died suddenly, and his younger brother, Zhao Guangyi, succeeded to the throne and became Song Taizong, and was renamed Duke of Long. Try to write with people in Jinling Old Palace: "At noon, Lacrimosa. Notes of Song Dynasty said that Zhao Guangyi raped Zhou Xiao many times [6]. Every time I go back after Xiao Zhou, I cry and scold. In pain and depression, Li Yu wrote famous songs such as Looking at the South of the Yangtze River, Midnight Song and Young Beauty. Ancient painters also painted Xiao Zhou after Xiling was lucky. In Ming Dynasty, Shen Defu wrote Xiao Zhou after Xiling was lucky: "In Song Dynasty, Emperor Taizong painted Xiao Zhou after Xiling was lucky, with a hoe on his head, pale face and fat body. After worship, the limbs were delicate, and several imperial envoys held them and frowned after a week. "Yuan Man Feng Haisu wrote a poem on the map:" Li Huakai, left in Jiangnan, was also folded by Wang Qiang; The strange golden wind came to my face, and the royal garden was red and purple. " In 978, Xu Xuan was ordered by Song Taizong to visit Li Yu. Li Yu sighed at Xu Xuan: "I regret killing Pan You and Li Ping by mistake! ".Song Taizong was very angry about Xu Xuan's withdrawal. According to Wang Luo's memoirs in the Song Dynasty, Li Yu was finally poisoned by Song Taizong for writing such words as "The old country is unbearable to look back on" and "A river flows eastward". Some people say it's Chinese medicine, nux vomica. After taking it, the central nervous system is destroyed, the whole body twitches, and the head and feet shrink together [7], which is extremely painful. After Li Yu's death, he was buried in North Mangshan, Luoyang. He was heartbroken a few weeks later and died soon after. Li Yu "was born in the palace and grew up in the hands of women", "sexual forgiveness, bullying injustice", he gave up killing. After his death, Jiangnan people heard that "all lanes are crying and fasting." Artistic achievements Li Yu has made great achievements in art, and Li Yu's ci has been collected and lost. There are forty-four words. Only 38 works can be confirmed. The style of Li Yu's ci is divided into two periods with 975 as the boundary. In the early stage, his early ci style was beautiful and soft, and he did not break away from the habit of "flowers". According to the content, it can be roughly divided into two categories: one is to describe the magnificent palace life and the affair between men and women, such as "Bodhisattva Man": the moon is dark and foggy, and now it's easy to go to Langbian. Socks are fragrant, and gold shoes are portable. See you at the south bank of the painting gallery, and you will tremble at noon. It is difficult for a slave to come out, but he should be taught to be merciful. There is also a heavy sadness when I feel the fate that I can't get rid of under the pressure of the Song Dynasty, such as "Welcome to Huan": I have nothing to say when I go to the West Building alone, the moon is like a hook, and the lonely phoenix tree locks the autumn in the deep courtyard. Cut constantly, the reason is still chaotic, it is sadness, don't have a taste in your heart. In the later period, due to the great changes in life, the king of subjugation became the "southern king" in the eternal ci circle (Shen Xiong's "Ancient and Modern" in Qing Dynasty). It is precisely because of the "unfortunate poet of the country" that ci didn't work until the vicissitudes of life. "These sad and tragic late ci poems with far-reaching artistic conception laid the foundation of Su Xin's so-called" bold and unconstrained "school and became a master in the history of ci poetry. As for the beauty and harmony of his sentences, it is unprecedented. Such as "Young Beauty": When is the spring flower and the autumn moon, how much is known about the past. The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country could not bear to look back on the moon. Carved fences and jade bricks should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed them. Ask how much sorrow you can have, just like a river flowing eastward. " Neat sand order ":the rain outside the curtain is gurgling and the spring scenery is fading." Allred-rochow can't stand the cold of five people, and he doesn't know that he is a guest in his dream. Don't lean against the fence alone, it is infinite, and it is easier to see when you are away. Running water is gone, and spring is gone. After evaluating Song Taizu's conquest of the Southern Tang Dynasty and the unification of China, he lamented: "If Li Yu tries to govern the country with poetry, will he be captured by me! Wang Guowei, a modern scholar, thinks: "Wen Feiqing's ci is also beautiful;" "Wei Duanji's words, bone show also; Li Zhongguang's handwriting is also beautiful. " [8]。 "The word in Li Houzhu, vision began to big, deep feelings, and became a musician's word, became a scholar-bureaucrat's word. Zhou Jie is stored under Wen Wei, which can be described as reversing black and white. " [9]。 This last sentence is aimed at what Zhou Ji said in "Miscellaneous Poems of Jiecunzhai": "Heshi is a beautiful woman on earth, who is good at strict makeup and light makeup, and does not hide the national color. Fei Qing, strict makeup; End yourself and make up lightly; Lord, rude and confused. " . Wang believes that this kind of comment is to promote literature and suppress Wei. There is also a view in academic circles that the original intention of Zhou Ji is that Li Yu is not as good as Wen Listening Cloud and Wei Zhuang in terms of neat words and sentences. However, as far as the vividness and fluency of ci poetry are concerned, the former is obviously more vigorous and natural, and "carelessly does not cover up the national color." Li Yu's ci got rid of Hua's frivolity. His words are not only carved, but also vivid in language, vivid in image, distinctive in personality and sincere in feelings. After the national subjugation, his ci poems have a wide range of themes and profound meanings, surpassing the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. It not only became the pioneer of graceful words in the early Song Dynasty, but also laid the foundation for the uninhibited school. Later generations revered him as "Ci Sheng". There is a well-known line in Li Yu's poems that will be remembered by later generations: "A talented person is really peerless, and being a king is extremely vicious." He is good at calligraphy and painting. On his calligraphy: Gu Taoqing Louis Ceng Yun said: "The first master was good at calligraphy, and he was as vigorous as a cold pine and frost bamboo, which was called' Jin Cuodao'. Writing big characters without writing, rolling silk books, can be satisfied, and the world calls it' the book of books'. " . As for his paintings, Guo Zhi Ren Lun Shi in Song Dynasty said: "Li Yu, the queen of Jiangnan, only knows how to support herself and is good at painting and calligraphy. It is far from extraordinary to taste the forest stone birds, which is higher than accident. " . Unfortunately, there are no calligraphy and painting handed down from generation to generation. After the queen of Zhou, Zhou family (small print), children of Qingyuan County, Li Zhongyu, presented the king.