Manchu calligraphy

Manchu has four fonts: regular script, running script, cursive script and seal script. Regular script is widely used in the publication and engraving of various books, the copying of fine manuscripts, and the writing of official documents such as imperial edicts, imperial edicts, memorials and inscriptions. Running scripts are widely used, such as copying ordinary books, drafting various manuscripts, compiling official documents between state organs and officials at all levels from central to local, copying and archiving various official documents and files, etc. Cursive script has a narrow use, mainly used to draft some manuscripts, write personal letters and notes, and create calligraphy works. The seal script of Manchu appeared as early as the creation of Manchu, but there are few types, monotonous fonts and not widely used. Just as "The Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty" contains "The seal script of the Qing Dynasty was published in parallel with the original seal script of the Qing Dynasty and the national book when it was introduced by Emperor Taizong, so the books were not prepared and the biography was still few." 1748 (13th year of Qianlong), Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty ordered Fu Heng and others to re-create Manchu seal script with 32 words, and determined the collective names of Manchu and Chinese seal scripts, namely Yujin seal script, Zhiying seal script, Fangshang seal script, Xiaozhuan seal script, Zhong Ding seal script, Chuilou seal script and Liu Ye seal script. Since then, Manchu seal characters have increased in types, standardized fonts and unified names. In order to popularize the newly created Manchu seal script, the Royal Shengjing Fu was printed in 32 fonts. However, the use of Manchu seal script is narrow, and it was mainly used to engrave precious seals and official seals in Qing Dynasty.