1. Zhang Pu’s “Seven Burns” Reading Method
The Ming Dynasty scholar Zhang Pu’s “Seven Burns” reading method emphasizes both reading and writing, emphasizing “eyes, hands, and heart” arrive". His reading method is divided into three steps: the first step is to copy a new article neatly on paper and read it silently in his mind while copying. The second step is to read it aloud after copying it. The third step is to throw the copied article into the furnace and burn it immediately after reading it aloud.
After burning it, copy it again, read it aloud, and burn it again. Repeat this seven or eight times, and read an article more than ten times until you fully understand and memorize it.
Zhang Pu became famous by studying hard and named his study "Qi Fen Zhai", also called "Qi Lu Zhai".
2. Tao Yuanming: "Understanding" Reading Method
Tao Yuanming, a writer in Jin Dynasty, used "Understanding" Reading Method.
Tao Yuanming once wrote in "The Biography of Mr. Wu Liu": "If you are good at reading, you don't ask for a deep understanding. Whenever you have an understanding, you happily forget to eat."
Tao Yuanming pays attention to the key points when reading. , simplify and think independently.
In fact, what he pursues is to understand the meaning of reading, focusing on understanding the deep meaning of the book instead of picking out individual words.
3. Su Shi: "Enemies on all sides" reading method
Su Shi, a famous writer in the Song Dynasty, asked his niece-in-law Wang Xiang to "ask about learning" in his "Another Reply to Wang Xiang Shu". Introduced a reading method that he pioneered and practiced.
Su Shi said in his letter: "As a young scholar, every book should be read and written thoroughly.
Books are as rich as the sea, and they are available in department stores. People's energy can You can’t take it all, but you can get what you want. Therefore, I hope that scholars will pursue it one at a time.”
It means that a good book is like an ocean of knowledge, rich in content.
So, when reading a good book, you can read it with only one goal at a time, or explore and study only one aspect of the issue, rather than involving other goals or issues at the same time.
So, every good book needs to be read several times. Over time, you will gain something.
This is how Su Shi himself read the "Book of Han". The first time he studied "the way of governing the world", the second time he studied "the method of using troops", and the third time he studied characters and official systems.
After reading it several times, Su Shi became familiar with many aspects of the "Book of Han".
4. Chen Shan: The reading method of "entering books and publishing books"
Chen Shan, a native of the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote a book called "New Stories on Monlice", in which he wrote: "Reading It is important to know the method of entering and exiting. The beginning should be the reason for entering, and the end should be the reason for exiting. If you can see the kindness, this is the calligraphy of entering; if you can't use it thoroughly, you don't know the intention of the ancients. "It's all about knowing the way in and out."
The meaning of this passage is that you need to know the way in and the way out. Entering means to read into the book, understand it thoroughly, and grasp the essence of the content in the book; exiting means to jump out of the book and be able to flexibly use book knowledge to solve practical problems. When you start studying, you ask for entry. The ultimate goal of studying is to ask for exit.
The "reading into books and out of books" reading method summarized by Chen Shan based on his own reading experience actually tells people to read while living, not dead. Not only do I have to read and study carefully, digest and absorb the nutrients in the book, but I also need to use the knowledge in the book for my own use.
5. Zheng Banqiao: "Exquisite" reading method
The "exquisite" in the "excellent and accurate" reading method of the Qing Dynasty calligrapher and painter Zheng Banqiao means that you must be selective in reading. Choose good books and read high-quality books;
"Seek the right" means to be just right and suitable for your own level and work needs.
He said: "Seek refinement rather than more. It's not less. Only fineness can transport more."
In fact, Zheng Banqiao is not opposed to reading a lot of books, but he just emphasizes that multiple reading must be based on intensive reading, and the content of multiple reading must also use the knowledge gained from intensive reading to connect with new knowledge and focus on a topic in depth. .
If you read too much without seeking for refinement, you will feel stuffed in your chest; if you read for refinement without seeking too much, you will be able to read the book and grasp the essentials, but this does not mean a deep understanding and complete mastery.
Therefore, further "exploration" and "research" are needed, because the rich and profound connotations contained in the "micro-speech essence" in the book are often "the more you explore, the more you find out, the more you study, the more you learn." The more you enter, the more you don’t know where to go.”
During intensive reading, Zheng Banqiao also paid more attention to "asking".
He believes that "the word "knowledge" needs to be taken apart. Learning is learning, and asking is asking. Today's people have learned but not asked. Although they have read thousands of books, they are just a dull man."
He advocated reading and asking questions, so that "doubts will be relieved and the traces of insight will be revealed."
6. Ouyang Xiu: The reading method of "counting words and chanting every day"
The reading method of "counting words and chanting every day" by Ouyang Xiu, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, was summarized based on his own reading experience.
He once selected ten books such as "The Classic of Filial Piety", "The Analects of Confucius" and "The Book of Songs", with about 50,000 words, and then stipulated that he should read 300 words every day, and it took him three and a half years to read them all. . If you recite 150 words every day, it will take only seven years to memorize it.
He said: "Although there are many books, it can be accumulated over time, so why not worry about it?" Indeed, over time, he memorized every book by heart. This method of counting words quantitatively every day, keeping a steady stream of water, and gathering things together is an effective method of reading.