Liang Heng (1946) is a native of Huoxian County, Shanxi Province. 1968 graduated from China Renmin university. Long-term journalist at the grassroots level. He is currently the deputy director of the General Administration of Press and Publication, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese Writers Association and the executive director of the National Journalists Association. Mainly engaged in prose creation and prose theory research. His works have won the Youth Literature Award, Zhao Shuli Literature Award and National Excellent Popular Science Works Award; From 65438 to 0996, the essay "Suddenly Listening to the West" published by Foshan Literature and Art won the Excellence Award of "Heart is China" jointly organized by Mei Wen, Literature Freedom Talk and Foshan Literature and Art. Three essays, Golden Ci, Seeking Crossing, Seeking Crossing and Where Crossing and Summer Feelings, were selected for middle school textbooks. His main works are News Trilogy (3 volumes), Popular Romance of Mathematics and Physics (2 volumes), Prose Collection, Famous Mountains and Rivers, Heroes and Ghosts.
Second, the background information
Xin Qiji (1 140- 1207) was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word euan, no. Jia Xuan was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). At birth, Shandong was occupied by nomadic people. At the age of 21, he joined the anti-Jin army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. He has been to Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian and eastern Zhejiang. During his tenure, he took active measures to recruit exiles, train the army, reward farming, fight corruption, and attach importance to stability and people's livelihood. He persisted in resisting gold all his life. In the notes such as Ten Comments on Meiqin and Nine Comments, the political and military situation at that time was analyzed in detail, which strongly refuted the fallacy of exaggerating the strength of nomadic people and advocating compromise and surrender. It is required to strengthen operational preparations and boost morale in order to restore the Central Plains. His anti-gold suggestion was not adopted and was hit by the peace faction. I have left my post for a long time and lived in Shangrao and Lead Mountain in Jiangxi. In his later years, Han Zhou was in power, once used, and soon died of illness. His ci tries to restore the patriotic enthusiasm of national reunification, pour out the grief and indignation of hard-to-pay ambition, and expose and criticize the humiliating surrender of the upper ruling group in the Southern Song Dynasty. There are also many works that praise the rivers and mountains of the motherland. The artistic style is diverse, mainly bold. Passionate, generous and tragic, vigorous brushwork, and Su Shi are also called "Su Xin". "Is it broken?" Send Chen Tongfu an argument. ""Never pick up music? "Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia" and "Shuilongyin? Deng Jiankang Shangxin Pavilion, Bodhisattva Man? Book Jiangxi is famous for its stoma wall. However, some works also reveal negative emotions caused by unfulfilled ambitions. And "Jia He's Short Sentence". Modern people compiled Notes on Xin Jiaxuan's Poems.
This is a biographical article, which reveals how Xin Qiji became a patriotic poet from a patriot. The article quotes many works of Xin Qiji's own words, which is very convincing, which is a major writing feature of this article.
Third, accumulation and integration.
1. Phonetic memory
Elbow axils (zhǒu y? ) escort (Ji? ) paper notes (jiān) heat (ch? ) light up (ti m: o)
Lu (Wei? ) comparable to (p? ) remote (c? N) finishing (ch? ) golden gull (not u)
Partridge (zh? Gū) worried (ch ū ng) (Li? n)
2. Font recognition
The enemy's bun is chilly.
Cardamom's sideburns are bold.
The champion of the tournament is a beautiful beard.
3. Definition of words
Soldier: refers to the army in general. The ancient military system consisted of five people and twenty-five people.
Restoration: the restoration of original territory, rule, or cause.
Long snake with a pen: describes the free and easy style of calligraphy, and also means that calligraphy is fast.
Awesome: scared, scared. (2) purge and respectable and terrible.
Comparable: the degree of beauty can be compared; rival
Wrapping the body with horse skin indicates that a soldier died in the battle.
Prodigal: A dissolute who is not bound by customs and moral norms, especially one who leads a dissolute life with nothing to do.
Leisure: Pan Yue resigned from his post and entered Jin, writing Leisure Fu. Later, I called living at home without a job leisure.
Drop Book Bag: Metaphorically speaking and writing articles, I like to quote words from ancient books to show my knowledge.
All five zang-organs burn: all five zang-organs burn, that is, the heart.
Humble: drink a little and sing quietly.
Have a taste: stop after a little taste. Metaphor only has superficial interests or preferences, without in-depth study.
Vibration deafness: dysprosium: deafness. Metaphor is to wake up a confused and numb person.
Vigorous: strong and powerful; Powerful and powerful. More refers to the brushwork of painting and calligraphy.
Fourth, text exploration.
1, structural context:
On the Eight Authors of Life Chance Ci
Pat the railing all over (note: circle the middle and expand the six arrows)
The experience of being an official is a mental journey.
2. Analysis points:
(1) Why did Xin Qiji return to the south? I can only leave the dragon and snake with tears and wine, and shed a tragic cry for history, a sigh for regret and a self-mockery for helplessness. Judging from the words quoted in the article, what is Xin Qiji's heart disease?
It is suggested that he immediately throw away the steel sword after returning to the south, leaving only a wool soft pen, and never have a chance to go to the battlefield again. Xin Qiji's shirt is full of blood, and there is only one heart disease: lack of gold, lack of full moon, broken mountains and rivers, and insecurity.
(2) This article is an essay on historical figures. The author conveyed the spirit of the poet Xin Qiji with hearty pen and ink, and vividly showed his heroic personality. However, the author did not follow the traditional biography writing method, and wrote one by one through life events and time sequence. Read the full text carefully and think about the characteristics of the author's ideas. From what aspects does the work highlight the most brilliant characteristics of the characters?
Some people think that in this article, the author did not arrange the poets in chronological order. Is to grasp the poet's most charming flash to outline. And always describe the characteristics, formation process and life of the poet's poetry creation. The works highlight the poet's personality from the aspects of patriotism, worrying about the country and the people, worrying about the country and the people, and the ci style formed between historical agitation and personal experience.
(3) Why? Xin Qiji's words were not written in ink, but smeared with blood and tears?
It implies that he promised to spill blood in the desert and was buried by Marco. However, after crossing the south, he was forced to leave the battlefield and there was no place for him. He asks questions like Qu Yuan, and he is as angry as a worker. He was on the river, looking at Chang 'an, climbing the dangerous building, patting the railing, and could only shed tears. When we read his words today, we will always clearly hear a patriotic courtier crying and repenting again and again, and we will never forget his image of rotting in the sunset, looking far away and longing for poverty.
3. Break through the difficulties:
(1) Combined with full-text analysis, why did the author say? What is the most suitable topic for creating the statue of Xin Qiji? Shoot the railing all over?
Someone suggested that Wang Bizhi recorded in Notes on Swallows in Lushui in Song Dynasty? With the world? On Liu Meng Festival, he often stands quietly by the railing, thinking about the world, sighing alone, or patting the railing with his hand. Poetry taste day:? After studying for forty years, how many times have you patted the railing after drinking? . So? Shoot the railing all over? It often means knocking on the railing to vent unspeakable depression.
Is this article based on? Shoot the railing all over? The title of this action vividly depicts the heroic image of the poet overlooking the railing and eager to wear, and conveys his grief and indignation that he is now forced to leave politics and can only watch, not interfere and not interrupt. He has no strength, no ambition, no patriotism and no place to make it. In the deafening sound of the poet patting the railing, we read out Xin Qiji's real complex feelings: dissatisfaction, resentment, anxiety, chagrin, impatience, waiting, and eagerness to use? Shoot the railing all over? As a topic, it can vividly show Xin Qiji's patriotic enthusiasm.
4, writing reference:
The greatest writing feature of this paper is rich association and imagination.
This paper reveals the mental journey of ancient literary masters. It is not enough to have historical materials and the author's own works, but also to have bold association and imagination. The author of this article is like this. Or from Xin Qiji's deeds, think of his lyrics; Or through his words, think of his time, his deeds and inner world and so on.
For example, after the third paragraph briefly described Xin Qiji's experience of returning to the south, I remembered his words of "broken fighter" and "hidden water dragon", quoted and commented on them, showing the image of a patriotic general who longed to return to the battlefield and kill thieves and bandits, but his ambition was hard to pay. Then, I naturally thought of a question: why did Xin Qiji not be liked by the court after returning to the south? The author quotes Xin Qiji's own words, outlines Xin Qiji's deeds and court mentality, and reveals the mystery. This is because he loves the country too much, loves the people too much and loves the imperial court too much. He really works hard whenever he has the chance, and is always ready to rush to the forefront, making the Lord and Gouan's court unhappy and causing slander. The emperor will abandon him.
For another example, the name "abandoning illness" is associated with his heart disease of worrying about the country and the people and his poems expressing this concern for the country and the people.
In a word, the author shows Xin Qiji's mental journey from a patriot to a patriotic poet through association and imagination, and fully shows Xin Qiji's ambition of "killing thieves and robbers for the court and recovering lost land" and his grief and sadness that this ambition cannot be realized.
Fifth, reading similar texts.
Listen to the sound of the waves
cai yongxiang
(1) Tingtao Mountain, a hill of Fenghuang ancient city in western Hunan, stands by the river, with lush trees, fragrant orchids and dense mountain springs. 1992 may 10, the mountain is particularly solemn. Four years after Shen Congwen's death, his wife Zhang Zhaohe brought his ashes back to Beijing for burial. This soul, who was born and loved in Sri Lanka, finally rests here forever with the sound of the waves.
(2) The water of the Tuojiang River made a detour when it entered the Phoenix, and the river slowed down. It is clear, clear and lovely, like the flow of a lady's house. It is gentle, gentle and unhurried, and can hardly hear the sound of the waves. The river flows through and reaches the rock jumping place. As soon as the water reached a weir, it was crowded and roared, and it was very lively. White waves fly high, and the roaring waves resound through the sky. It seems that the sound of the waves is specially for Shen Lao. Since Shen Lao was buried here, the sound of the waves seems to have feelings. Yes, the sweet water of Tuojiang River has nurtured Shen Lao, and the continuous waves of Tuojiang River have been in Shen Lao's dream! Shen Lao said this sentence at the beginning of "Mind Travel". My life and thoughts come from loneliness, and this loneliness cannot be separated from water. ?
(3) Mr. Shen Congwen, who became famous in the literary world in the 1920s, 1902 1902 was born in a typical ancient quadrangle south of Zhongying Street in Fenghuang Ancient City on February 28th. He spent a legendary childhood by the Tuojiang River. In the endless sound of Tuojiang River, he read social books written by nature and personnel inside and outside Phoenix with great interest. Countless ordinary and fresh things always touch his curious eyes. Mr. Shen Congwen silently observed all kinds of people in the small town and understood many things in silence. This laid the foundation for his later literary road.
④ From 65438 to 0924, Mr. Shen Congwen began his literary creation. His works mainly focus on the life in Xiangxi, praising the beauty of human nature by describing the primitive and natural life forms of Xiangxi people. The language style is concise and vivid, the sentence pattern is concise and steep, and the local color is strong, which highlights the unique charm and spirit of rural humanity, is full of hidden worries and philosophical thinking about life, and gives people lessons and enlightenment.
⑤ Mr. Shen Congwen's soul returned to Phoenix, and his ashes were scattered in Tuojiang River and buried in Tingtao Mountain. Shen Lao Cemetery faces the clear and beautiful Tuojiang River in front and the beautiful Tingtao Mountain in the back. The four seasons are full of birds and flowers and picturesque scenery. This is a unique tomb, with no protruding tomb soil, no gorgeous decoration and no traces of artificial carving. An irregular natural five-color boulder chiseled from the back of the tomb stands tall, becoming a unique symbol of Mr. Shen Lao's tomb. The front is engraved with Shen Lao's philosophical handwriting: According to my thinking, can you understand? Me? ; According to my thinking, I can know people. ? This is the true face of Mr. Shen Congwen's understanding of life in his later years. In the words of his son Shen Longzhu, I think my father has a thorough understanding of the world in his later years, and he has been able to look beyond the opportunity to treat people and things. ? On the back is an elegy written by Shen Congwen's wife and sister, Zhang Chonghe, a professor at Yale University in the United States. Uncompromising, the words of the stars holding the moon; Kindness also allows that the child is a man. ? Moral? From the text? Meaning, but also a true portrayal of Shen Lao's life. Reading his articles, listening to his words and observing his deeds, it is thought-provoking that Shen Lao has long been admired by people and worshipped by many literati and poets. A master of China's literary world did not occupy a prominent position before his death, but only occupied such a small place on his favorite Tingtao Mountain after his death, which is really different. Kind and kind? Shen Congwen!
6. The mountain is the root of the mountain, the water is the water to forget the year, and the stone is the third stone. Mr. Shen came back from a tiring trip and ended his life here. ? A soldier either dies in battle or goes back to his hometown. Huang Yongyu, a famous Chinese painting master who was born in Phoenix, wrote.
On May 20th, 2007, the ashes of Mrs. Zhang Zhaohe, the wife of Shen Lao, were moved from Beijing to Tingtao Mountain with the help of relatives.
In the twilight, a layer of high white fog floats on the surface of Tuojiang River, just like a fairyland. The sound of the waves is particularly clear and euphemistic, just like the unadorned Miao folk songs, which are touching. Tingtao Mountain, next to it, is even more silent, as if it also knows that a pair of homesick people are listening quietly.
(Excerpted from the 6th issue of Hundred Essays in 2008, with deletion)
[Note] Sansheng Stone is a big stone that is said to be neutral by the river bridge, which can reflect people's past lives.
1. Please talk about the title of the article in combination with the content of the article. Listen to the waves? What's the meaning?
2. Explain the meaning of underlined sentences in the text according to the context.
(1) Since Shen Lao was buried here, the sound of the waves seems to be full of emotion.
(2) According to my thinking, can you understand? Me? ; According to my thinking, I can know people.
3. Why is the author called Tingtao Mountain? Back to the mountains? What is the water of Lijiang River? Forget the water? What are the colorful boulders? sansei stone
4. What is the role of the environmental description at the beginning and end of the article?
Reference answer
1.① When Shen Congwen was a child, he was the first in the Voice of Tuojiang River, and he studied two books, Nature and Personnel. (2) Shen Congwen, who left Phoenix, missed his hometown, and the Tao sound of Tuojiang River was always in his dream. (3) After Shen Congwen was buried and listened to Taoshan, he could finally listen to Taojiang quietly day and night. (4) Pay homage to Shen Congwen's grave and feel his profound thoughts and great personality.
2.( 1) The pottery of Tuojiang River is full of Shen Lao's love for his hometown and infinite joy in his return to his hometown; Full of the infinite admiration and love of the people in my hometown for Shen Lao.
(2) Only by thinking about life with its true nature can we know our true self; Overloading your own personal experience and thinking for others can make you know and understand others better.
3. Because Shen Congwen has always been obsessed with his native land, four years after his death, his soul returned to the phoenix and his leaves returned to his roots, so he was called the reason for his burial. Return to your career? ; Here? Forget? I can't control my feelings. Tuojiang water haunts Shen Congwen's life and is unforgettable, so the author calls it Tuojiang water? Forget the water? ; The elegiac couplet engraved on this colorful boulder shows Shen Congwen's humble and beautiful personality and is a true portrayal of his life, so the author calls it? Sanshengshi? (or answer:? Irregular natural five-color boulders? It symbolizes Shen Congwen's natural and authentic temperament, so the author calls it? Sanshengshi? )。
4. The environmental description of the switch creates a quiet and beautiful atmosphere, which paves the way for writing about Shen Congwen's longing for his hometown landscape and the reasons for being buried after his death. The environmental description at the end highlights Tingtao Mountain's peaceful expression and euphemistically expresses his praise for Shen Congwen's noble personality. The end conforms to the environmental writing of the switch, and the structure is more complete; Stick to the title and deepen the theme of the article.