The determination of Han nationality names has experienced a tortuous development process, that is, the names of "Qin people", "Han people" and "Tang people" have appeared successively; At the same time, the terms "Qin people", "Han people" and "Tang people" are used interchangeably. In the process of tortuous development, the title of "Han people" gradually gained the mainstream position and was finally called "Han people". ?
History has a rapid development side and a conservative and slow change side. All branches of the Chinese nation quickly unified in front of Qin Shihuang's martial arts, and the prestige of the Qin Dynasty flew like lightning. However, before people could see the true face of the Qin Dynasty, it collapsed and was replaced by the Han Dynasty. As a result, when all the countries around the world called the unified Chinese nation "Qin people", the Chinese nation had developed into a Han nation. Because of this "time difference", by the time of the Western Han Dynasty, the newly formed Han nationality was still called "Qin people" by all ethnic groups in the four places. ?
In fact, the word "Han people" really gives the meaning of "Han people", which refers to the Han people in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. At this time, it was the time when the northern minorities entered the Central Plains through the five lakes and sixteen countries after the Han Dynasty, which had a national fortune of 400 years, was dismembered by Wei, Shu and Wu. The separatist regimes established by the northern minorities, especially the rulers of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty, are all Xianbei people, and they collectively refer to the residents of the Central Plains they rule as "Han people" or "Han people". Li Ciming, a writer in the late Qing Dynasty, made a detailed discussion on the origin of the term "Han people" referring to the Han people. Although the text is long, it is necessary to quote the following words in order to understand the historical situation of the Han nationality.
Posthumous title of Han people in China originated in the late Wei Dynasty. Although Gao lived in the Northern Qi Dynasty, Huan's ancestors moved to Huaishuo Town, which has been integrated with Hu's customs. Therefore, The History of Northern SHEN WOO says: "SHEN WOO hates the North, so he learns its customs, so he is the same as Xianbei." As for Kevin·Z, there are those who are related by marriage, such as Lou Zhao, Wei Jing and Liu Gui. , are not the race of China, so people in the Central Plains call them Han Chinese. For example, "Biography of Li after Selected Works" said: "The emperor wants to build a palace and the emperor wants to surrender. Gao Deyan is right, Han women cannot be the mother of the world. " Hou Li is the daughter of Li Xizong of Zhao County. "Biography of Yang": "The Empress Dowager said,' Can my mother and son be regarded as an old woman in the Han Dynasty? ......' "When Y and n @ ④ discussed, I wanted to be behind the building, and I was in charge of Li, so the building was the same." "The Abolition of Emperor Ji" says: "Every word in the selected works says that the prince has the Han family nature. "It was born after Li Fei emperor. Chuan said:' The son of heaven dare not pity his uncle, how dare he pity this Han generation? "It refers to Yan Zixian, Song Qindao and Zheng." "Biography of Hu Lvjin": "SHEN WOO values its antiquity. It is said that you have made many Han people, so you can't trust him. "Biography of the Northern Qi Dynasty": "Gao Zu said,' Gao Taishou is a pure general of the Han army, fearing that it will be useless. Now he has cut down more than 1,000 Xianbei soldiers, and he is still * * * mixing …… "The True Story of Gao De:" The ancestors said that the ministers said,' Gao Dezheng always said that he would use the Han people to destroy Xianbei, which means mutually assured destruction ...' ""Northern History ":"Liu Gui and Ang were sitting together, and many servants drowned in the river. You said,' A dollar is worth Han, so you can take it to death!' Anger is expensive to draw a sword. Biography of Xue: "Hu Lvjin said,' I still respect the son of Han, taking family as my quality, ...'". There are many such things, all of which are the beginning of the Han people. ?
Until the Tang Dynasty, as the Tang Dynasty was the golden age of feudal society in China, the prosperous camel caravan on Chang 'an, Kyoto, the ancient Silk Road, the Japanese envoy to the Tang Dynasty who braved the wind and waves, Xuanzang who went to India to learn from the classics, the eternal farewell of poetry, and the painting and calligraphy in the Art Garden wrote the most brilliant chapter in China's history, which shocked the past and shined today's civilization, affecting not only China but also the East for more than a thousand years. For example, Shen Yazhi's "Collected Works of Shen Xiaxian in Tang Dynasty" said: "From Hanhai, Shenniao, Dunhuang, Zhangye and Jiuquan in the east, as for Jincheng and Huining in the east, as for Shangying, Qingshui, Fifty Counties, Six Towns and Fifteen Armies in the east and west, they are all descendants of the Tang Dynasty and were born slaves. When Liu sent envoys to Tubo to pass through Lanzhou, they saw that Lanzhou was full of japonica rice, peaches, plums, elms and willows, and every household was from the Tang Dynasty. See the messenger cover and watch the road. "
Another example is Wu Jian, a Yuan Dynasty man, who said in "A Brief Account of the Island": "Since then, after the failure of business in the Tang Dynasty, foreigners have been waiting for the gift of life and envoys." Another example is the biography of foreign real wax in the Ming Dynasty, which said, "People in the Tang Dynasty were always called China people. All overseas countries are definitely. " Regarding the reason why the word "Tang people" appeared, Wang Shi, a poet in the early Qing Dynasty, had a clear explanation in On the Han People in Tang Dynasty and the Qin People in Chibi, which said: "Yesterday I was in the Ministry of Rites and met the envoys who translated the four tribute, or called the Han people in China or the Tang people. People lived in the Tang Dynasty, such as Holland and Rollo countries. Gai has been in China since the Tang Dynasty, so it is along the clouds. " It can be seen that most people who call the Han people "Tang people" are countries that have only had contacts with China since the Tang Dynasty. Up to now, overseas Chinese are still called "Tang people" in Southeast Asia and overseas, and many countries have built Chinatown in places where overseas Chinese live in compact communities.