Juchao, word Shijie,No. Mei Sheng,No. Today's abbot. He loved poetry, calligraphy and painting since he was a child. He is good at drawing flowers, fruits and vegetables, birds, insects and fish, as well as scenery and ladies. Among them, his works such as Grass and Insect are even better. When Ju Chao was the aide of Zhang, the provincial judge of Guangxi, he was influenced by Song Guangbao, a famous painter at that time, and his flowers and birds paid special attention to sketching.
Ju Lian, whose real name is Shigang, is a native of Gu Quan, alias Woodcutter. When he was just 9 years old, he followed his cousin to live in Guangxi. Later, he became Zhang's military adviser, went to war with the Ju Dynasty, and was rewarded for his outstanding exploits.
During this period, I studied the works of famous painters Song Guangbao, Hua Yan, Jin Nong, Yun, Badashanren and Xu Wei. Good at painting flowers and birds, feathers, landscape figures and finger painting.
Living in the nest, with profound cultural background, is the teacher of enlightenment and life education in Julian Danqing. Therefore, Ju Lian respected her cousin's nesting so much that she followed him all the time.
1855, Zhang resigned due to the fall, and returned to his hometown in Dongguan the following year, while Juchao and Julian brothers also returned to their hometown in Guangzhou. Later, at the invitation of Zhang, the Gu brothers went to Dongguan Keyuan.
At that time, Zhang, the owner of Keyuan, appreciated the artistic talents of Ju Chao and Ju Lian very much, and often invited them to Keyuan to paint and sketch. However, Keyuan is exquisitely designed, with pavilions, winding paths, halls and halls, occupying water to grow flowers, and countless famous flowers and fruits, which can be called Lingnan garden treasures.
1856, Juchao and Julian were influenced by Keyuan, and began to plan to build a garden. In this site selection, the two brothers settled in the north of Geshan Village, Guangzhou, where there is a clear river, which the local residents used to call "Ma Yong", and its eastern part was formerly called Yao Xi.
At that time, 24 scenic spots in Yaoxi were tourist attractions. Here, the stream is gurgling and the trees on both sides are dancing. You can look around among the small bridges, flowing water and colorful flowers. At that time, literati often came here to take advantage of the romantic scenery and tune the piano to pay for poetry. Therefore, the intention of the two brothers to choose this gardening is self-evident.
However, shortly thereafter, at the invitation of Zhang and his nephew Zhang Jiamo, the Gu brothers went to Dongguan several times and lived in Zhang Keyuan and Zhang Jiamo's Daosheng Garden intermittently for nearly 10 years, devoting themselves to artistic creation.
The beautiful scenery of Keyuan provides rich artistic inspiration and painting materials for Juchao and Julian. The superior living and creative environment and the common collection of literati and scholars have profoundly affected their lives and achievements. In their poems and paintings handed down from generation to generation, they vividly reproduce the scene of the past.
During this period, Juchao and Ju Lian often sketched together, and their works mostly described fruits, vegetables and wild flowers. Their paintings are "beautiful" and their style is elegant in Tsinghua. Because of the influence of family studies, Ju Chao has made profound achievements in Chinese studies all his life, and his poems, paintings and calligraphy are unique. All belong to the same product, which once led the coquettish in the land of South Guangdong.
At the same time, because of Ju Lian's obsession with sketch, his painting art has been greatly improved, and he has gradually become as famous as Ju Chao, and the world has begun to call it "the second residence". Therefore, the painting skills and distinctive artistic style founded by the two men are also called "the painting school across the mountain" by the world.
According to "An Introduction to Lingnan Painting School":
During the Daoguang period, Li Yunfu of Linchuan hired Meng Litang and Song Outang to teach flowers in Guangdong, and Litang chased Baiyang with a pen. The lotus pond is colorful and beautiful.
Guangdong Altar then opened two schools. Mei Sheng's brothers came out. At first, they studied the lotus pond, and later they formed their own school. The chrysanthemum is in bloom again.
It can be seen that Ju Chao and Ju Lian's accomplishments in painting have been famous in Lingnan since the Qing Dynasty. His paintings combine the boneless method of Song people and the charm of Yuan people, which are rigorous and meticulous, light and elegant. Two chrysanthemums never draw a frame, but only use ink halo or random colors to draw branches and leaves, which can make the branches and leaves in the painting patchwork and self-contained
The artistic style of Geshan Painting School is mainly to learn from nature and rewrite life. Imitate flowers and plants, and even describe insects with needles in utensils. The famous classic techniques of "water rushing" and "powder bumping" are the artistic characteristics of Ju Lian's careful observation and emotional formation.
1864, after Zhang died in Keyuan, Ju Lian left Keyuan with her brother and returned to her hometown. Soon, he began to build the "Ten Fragrant Gardens", where he would paint and be an apprentice.
Shi Xiang Garden was completed in 1865, and Juchao died that year. Since then, Julian has devoted herself to painting, selling paintings for a living, and establishing museums to teach students, becoming increasingly famous.
It is said that there are 10 kinds of fragrant flowers commonly used in sketch, such as jasmine, cordate telosma, pearl orchid, jasmine, Daphne odora, magnolia, Michelia, cordate telosma, talons and Swertia, so people call it "Ten Fragrant Gardens".
Shi Xiang Garden, covering an area of 640 square meters, is a small courtyard with a blue brick wall and a quiet bookstore inside. In the late Qing Dynasty, it was also called "the thatched cottage on the other side of the mountain". It is a quadrangle-style residential building in Lingnan area in Qing Dynasty, which not only embodies the quaint characteristics of Guangdong residential buildings, but also is full of poetic flavor.
At that time, the main buildings in Shi Xiang gardens were Jinxi Temple, Xiaoyue Qin Hall, Wisteria Flower Shed and Zilihua Hall.
Today's buddhist nun is the studio, reception room and living room of daily life. After the death of Juchao, it was the place where Ju Lian worshipped Buddha and recited scriptures. The buddhist nun mentioned here is actually a great hall.
Xiaoyueqin Hall is Ju Lian's residence and studio, which is named after the Guqin Xiaoyueqin collected by Ju Lian. There is a painting case in the room. There is a big glass cover on the case, which is filled with all kinds of grass insect specimens for sketching. In front of the museum, all kinds of strange stones are skillfully erected, and the indoor flowers and plants are dotted, which is naturally interesting, elegant and pleasant, and quite has the taste of a small garden.
There is an inscription on the wisteria shed, which is actually set in the open air. Trees such as Bai Mei, Xiaoxiao and Huangpi are planted on both sides for "Erju" to sing poems and paint with friends and students.
Ziliju is the place where Ju Lian set up accounts and painted for his disciples. There are wisteria, sycamore and other flowers and trees in front of the house, so it is called "Purple Pear Garden", and the door is engraved with a wooden plaque titled "Purple Pear Garden" by Qiu Hai, a calligrapher in the late Qing Dynasty. At that time, Ju Lian often played the guqin "Blowing the Moon" here, which made the garden full of natural sounds, elegant and pleasant.
In the west of Zilihua Pavilion, it is the place where Ju Lian receives disciples and paints, and in the east, it is the study. Later, Gao Hechen, the founder of Lingnan School of Painting, was influenced by the art of family studies in such a "fragrant town" with strange stones and flowers.
During the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, imperial examinations were suspended, new learning was advocated, new schools were set up, and painting classes were set up. Professor Ju Lian doesn't want salary. He lives in poverty, but he treasures talented people and poor students with good qualifications. He would rather sell paintings to support their study and life.
Ju Lian has been teaching garden art in Shi Xiang for more than 20 years, and has trained a large number of artistic talents for Lingnan area. Thanks to the painstaking efforts of Ju Lian, Shi Xiangyuan became a disciple in the form of Mongolian Museum, which was the first of its kind in Guangdong fine arts teaching, and was called the embryonic form of the earliest fine arts institution in China.
There are more than 30 outstanding disciples in the art history of China under the gate of Shixiangyuan, so people say that with Juchao, Ju Lian and Shixiangyuan, there will be a large number of outstanding descendants of Lingnan School of Painting. Many famous Lingnan scholars, Ya Ru, came here to seek seclusion and visit success.
Feisheng Pan, a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote a poem:
Meet again after a long separation, laughing your face off. Maotang is still a good creek bay.
The sunny window is facing the sparse trees, and the short paper workers describe the fine mountains and rivers.
Caressing chrysanthemum pine temporarily makes me drunk, so that I can have a meal with fern.
Hunger drives many times, and the temples are gradually spotted in the mirror.
This poem tells the long-term yearning and attachment of many literati and poets to Shi Xiang gardens. ...