The Eastern Han Dynasty circle called "Liu Chen Custom Biography": "Along the river, followed by the surname, out of Zhongshan and Henan." In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang's "Guangzhou Gongbei" said: "In the past, Duke Hu did not attach importance to Shun, but chose a big country. Chen, county, is a paradise. When the fierce king was born, go to Zhou. The king thinks he is a loyal general and beautiful to his family. He said that he lived in a post station in Tao Zhen, and his life was Zhen Shi, and his surname was Sheng. " In the Song Dynasty, Zhuang Chuo wrote "Ji Li Zhen Guan Jiu Pu Zhen Fu": "After that, Zhou was sealed in Chen, and was destroyed by King Hui of Chu. When he was a fierce king, he defected to Zhou. Wang thought that Zhou Jiang would think it was suitable and his life was Zhen. After all, he lives in Zhongshan and is close to Handan. " ?
All the above theories about the origin of Zhen Shi agree that Zhen Shi is descended from Shun Di. Legend has it that Shun Di helped Dongyi tribe to make pottery on the banks of Zanzi River, and his descendants took "Zhen" as their surname because of their occupation and official position. Most of these descendants of Zhen Shi came from noble families in Zhongshan and Henan counties. The latter two said that after the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, the descendants of Shang Jun, the son of Shunza, were all in Chen State (now Huaiyang, Henan Province). After the destruction of the Chu Dynasty, the descendants of Gui Heng were named Zhen Shi because they were loyal to the Zhou Emperor, and were also named as Luoyang Taoist officials. Later, he lived in Zhongshan (county) near Handan.
The writings of the Tang and Song Dynasties in the Eastern Han Dynasty are recorded in Sima Qian's Historical Records. According to Records of the Five Emperors in Historical Records, "Shun Li Gengshan, Lei Yuze and Taohebin", Yaoyao Hu, a modern man, made a textual research in Seeking the Roots of China's Surname: "Because of Shun Renyi, people from the place where he lived came to defect one after another, often becoming a village in one year, a city in two years and Chengdu in three years, so the place where he burned pottery soon formed a city called Hong. Shun has descendants who stayed in Juancheng as an official, and later became Zhen Shi. "
Zhen Shi's genealogy originated from Shundi, and it is also recorded by Zhen Shi's descendants: During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, scholar Huang Chun prefaced the Genealogy of Zhen Shi, Guangdong: "The Zhen Shi family, the ancient genealogy said that Shuntao was on the riverside, so it took the meaning that Zhen was the surname, Zhen's ancestor was the descendant, and Gai was also of Xuanyuan origin." Zhenzhuang, Juancheng County, Shandong Province, and Dongzhenzhuang, Yutai County preserve the genealogy of Zhenshi, which was compiled by Ming Jiajing: "The second son was born, and the long name was rhinoceros, attacking Chen, for; Shen Gong died young, and his second son, Gao Yang, was appointed "xianggong", who was a nephew. Zhou Chengwang changed Levin to his hometown, and later generations took Zhen as their surname. " This theory is consistent with the records in Historical Records of Chen Qi Family, and provides a textual research clue: that is, the descendant of Gong Hu Guiman, a descendant of Shundi, moved from Chendi, Henan Province to his hometown in Juancheng, Tao Zhen Province, and merged with the descendant of Zhen Shi left by the Tao Zhen River before Shundi, forming a fixed surname.
According to Records of Historical Records and Genealogy, it can be reasonably inferred that Zhen Shi in China originated from Shun Di, and Juancheng in Shandong and Huaiyang in Henan are the birthplaces of Zhen Shi.
Origin 2: Originated from Xianbei nationality, it came from Zhen clan of Xianbei Du Yu in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, belonging to the Han family, and changed its surname to Shi.
The Southern and Northern Dynasties is an important historical period for foreign genes to flow into Zhen nationality. Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty changed the surnames of nearly 100 Xianbei ethnic groups in the North to Han surnames, among which all towns and cities were changed to towns and cities. "Yu Du Zhen" is a different translation of "Zhu Yuluo" and belongs to the Xianbei caste in the East. Later, this Zhen Shi developed into a noble family in Henan.
Origin 3: It originated from Manchu, belongs to Han culture, and changed its surname to surname.
At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Manchu, Mongolian and Korean successively appeared Zhen surnames, which formed the basis of Zhen surnames in Northeast China.
According to the Qing dynasty annals, imperial clan policy, Manchu Eight Banners surname records:
(1), Manchu Fu Sen's family, also known as Chen Fu's family, means Fuse Hala in Manchu, which means "reproduction" in Chinese, and lives in Kaiyuan (now Kaiyuan Old Town, Liaoning). Later, China's surnames with multiple crowns were Zhen Shi and Jane.
(2) The Hun family of Manchu Zhu Ni, also known as the Hun family of Zhu Ni, is called Niju Hunhala in Manchu and "Pearl" in Chinese, and lives in Changbai Mountain. Later, it was named Zhenshi and Nishi. Zhong Zhen.
Zhenibn is a wheel used to make pottery and Tokisho. According to the Records of Yuanhe, the ancestor of Zhen Shi was the second son. Their ancestors were potters who made pottery for Yu Shun at that time. According to textual research, the original meaning of the word "Zhen" is the meaning of the ancient potters. According to textual research, Hao Tao was the legislative minister in the Yu Shun period. If Zhen Shi is a descendant of Zhong Zhen, the youngest son, he takes Wang Fu as his surname. Therefore, Zhen Shi's descendants respected Zhong Zhen as the ancestor of Zhen Shi. Main pulse of development: Zhen Shi family in Wuji, Zhongshan, Hebei Province
In ancient times, it was known as "the infinite branch of Zhen Shi in the Central Plains" and "the head of five surnames in Zhongshan". It is recorded in Hanshu and Houhanshu that in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhen Shi lived in Wuji and Zhongshan, and Plutocratic family appeared in the land merger. Famous figures include Zhen Feng, Han Zhen, Zhen Xuan and Zhen Fu. By the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the Zhen Shi family of Wuji had become the "official" in Zhongshan County.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Zhen Shiyin family of Wuji married three families, Yuan Shao, Cao Cao and Sima Yi, who were competing for hegemony in the world, and were rewarded. The family resources were rich and powerful. Luo Zhen, a descendant of Han Zhen, married Yuan Shaozi first, then Cao Caozi xelloss, and gave birth to Cao Rui. In 226 (the seventh year of Wei Dynasty), Cao Ruizhao, posthumous title's mother was the queen, and posthumous title's grandfather was the marquis of Anxiang, and rewarded the Zhen family. When her grandmother died, she was awarded An Xijun, and Wei Mingdi, dressed in mourning, accompanied by officials, personally went to offer condolences. Later, more than a dozen people were made dukes, marquis and admirers, sometimes called "true Ban Chao". The Zhen Shi family entered its heyday.
The Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties were periods of great social unrest. At this time, the Zhen Shi family, which had no promise, remained as a cloud in official positions, maintaining the status of public officials. There are Zhen De and his son in the Western Jin Dynasty, Fa Zhen brothers in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhen Xuan and his son in the Southern Liang Dynasty, Zhen Ning, Zhen Chen and Zhen Jiezu in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Zhen Luan, a great mathematician in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Joan married Sima Shihe's daughter, worked as an official in Dahonglu, and worked as a doctor in Zhonghe Guanglu. Zhen Xuan has the reputation of "redeeming bamboo for gold", which is deeply appreciated and reused by Liang Wudi. Zhen Chen is a veteran of the Northern Wei Dynasty. He is a senior official in the official department. After his death, Emperor Xiaoming posthumously donated him to the public and personally mourned him to support Yu's funeral. Zhen Luan was the first scholar who systematically studied military mathematics in China during the Northern Zhou Dynasty. His main works, Five Cao Shu Jing, Five Jing Arithmetic and Shu Shu Ji Yi, are included in the Ten Books of Shu Jing, and he is proficient in astronomical calendars. He compiled Tian Lihe and published it for eighteen years.
In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the imperial examination system replaced the nine-grade clock system. Although the Zhen Shi family of Wuji is not as prominent as before, there are still many senior officials. For example, Zhen Luan Zizhen is the secretariat of Fenzhou, Sun is the secretariat of Qin Zhou, and Zhen is the secretariat of Songzhou. Zhen Xu, the fourth son of Zhen Feng, was a dazzling political star in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He is both civil and military, well-read in classics and history, and proficient in calligraphy; He sent his troops to the battlefield eight times, with outstanding achievements, and sent troops to serve the country five times, with remarkable results, which won the appreciation of Empress Wu Zetian. During the Kaiyuan period, Zhen Xu was appointed as the Governor of Guangzhou and the Governor of Lingnan Five Houses, and he mastered the military and political power in South China. During his tenure, he devoted himself to improving the living and medical conditions of the people in Lingnan, and made contributions to the stability and social and economic development in Lingnan. During the Tianbao period of Tang Dynasty, Zhenji died in the "Anshi Rebellion" and saved her integrity with great wisdom and courage. His son Zhen Feng ran away because his father's name is not in the history of other countries. Later, recommended by Yuan Zhen and Han Yu, the court made Zhenji a fourth-level official.
There are 59 celebrities with Zhen surname in the twenty-fifth history, mostly from the infinite Zhen nationality. Investigating its distinguished lineage, we can know that the Zhen Shi family in Zhongshan, Hebei Province is the main vein of the development of Zhen Shi family in China.
The most concentrated area of contemporary ethnic groups: "Siyi" in Guangdong Province
In contemporary China, Taishan, Kaiping, Enping and Xinhui are the places with the largest concentration and population.
According to the records in 145 1 year (the second year of Jingtai, Ming Daizong) and 1580 (the year of Chen Geng, Wanli, Ming Dynasty), and the textual research of ancestral tombs more than 700 years ago, it is considered that the Zhen Shi clan in Lingnan is Zhenbin, Marco and Zhen Ji of the Zhen Shi family in Wuji, Zhongshan, Hebei. From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang and Song Dynasties, people from Wuji Town, who had a career, moved around and later settled in Guangdong. After the "An Shi Rebellion", Zhen Ji was hired by college students to be an official in Xiangyang and settled in Yicheng. Zhen Tingxuan, a descendant of Ji Weng, was a scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was the editor of national history, went to Anqing and Nanjing, and settled in Anqing. Song Guangzong Shao Xigui was appointed as the secretariat of Xiongzhou in the southeast of Guangzhou. Weng died during his tenure. His eldest son, Jing Fu, returned to Anqing as soon as possible with his father's coffin, and his second son, Jing Xian, settled in Zhuji, Nanxiong. Jing Xian gave birth to four sons, named Jin, Bi and Gui He. The second son is Zhen Shun and Gong, the "ancestor" of Zhen Shi in Lingnan.
At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhen Shunhe and his family moved from Nanxiong Zhuji to the Pearl River Delta for the second time to escape the war. The first time was in 1273 (the ninth year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty). In order to avoid the war, Shun led his sons Shimao, his grandson Keli, his great-grandson Sushan and Shida to move their family from Shashuizhuli in Nanxiong to Da Yue Town and Village (Xinhui). The second time, 1279 (the second year of Xiangxing in the Southern Song Dynasty), the Yuan army pursued the royal family in the Southern Song Dynasty and captured the cliff mountain. Lu Xiufu, the prime minister, threw himself into the sea behind Zhao Min, the Emperor of the Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty fell. Zhou Gang people fled from the disaster of war everywhere. At that time, Shun had died at the age of 80, and his family moved westward to Dexing Capital (now Kaiping Xinchang area) in Xinning (Taishan) under the leadership of Su Shan and Shida IV. After Shunhe people settled in Xinchang, Dedu, the family business grew and the population increased. Zhen Sushan has five sons and thirteen grandchildren, who lived in the north first and then went into the pit. Zhen Shida has three sons and thirteen grandchildren. He lived in Shihai at first, but later he expanded. After several generations of reproduction, four major housing systems have been formed: Wangbei, Xiakeng, Shihai and Luochong. "Although there are many people who moved to other places during this period, the four villages of Matibao have always been big." (Preface to Rebuilding Genealogy in zhongshan town City, Lingnan)
The offshoot of the fourth generation of descendants of Su Shan is: the fifth generation of Shu Yun (the eldest son of Su Shan), the official to the magistrate of Donglai Prefecture, and the vice-governor of Yunnan Province for further studies. He gave birth to five sons, the eldest son Qiu Qing lived in Xiakeng, and his descendants branched to Enping Pingtang and Jindigang, Yangchun, Taishan Chonglou, Zhouxia and Xiachuan Island. The second son, Qing Yu, lives in Xinhui City; The other three sons, Sui Qing, Qi Qing and Yi Qing, live in Wangbei and branch to Sanhe in Taishan, Pancun in Jinji Town, Kaiping, Guangxi. The fifth Yun Song (the second son of Su Shan) gave birth to a son, Shan Qing, and moved to Gaozhou, Guangdong. The fifth Yunju (the third son of Su Shan) was appointed as the governor of Guangxi. He gave birth to three sons, Renbo, Renchang and Renshou. Renchang lives in Deqing, Guangdong. Yunxiu V (the fourth son of Su Shan) gave birth to three sons: Daming, Li Ming and Deming. The fifth generation Enyou (Su Zi) gave birth to a son Renri, and the genealogy of his family residence has not been recorded.
The descendants of Shida IV are: Lianshan V (the eldest son of Shida), the official of Lianzhou, who has four sons, Xiang Kun, Kun Yu, Yan Kun and Zheng Kun, who live in Shihai, and the branches are Wuxianchong and Enping Naji towns in Xinhui. Sun Zhensongnian, a descendant of the Qing Dynasty, was a scholar of the Qing Dynasty. He was awarded the position of government doctor. He used to be the inspector of Wen Yuan Pavilion, Wuyingdian Branch, the official book of Jindian, and the editor of the Forbidden City. He is the teacher of Emperor Jiaqing. After his death, Emperor Qianlong held a royal funeral for him. The cemetery is in Dexing, with stone archways and stone lions. The fifth Taishan (the second son of Shida) has three sons, Guangsui and Guang 'an, who moved from Shihai to Tang Xian (Shatang Town) in Kaiping, with branches in Enping Hu Sha and Dianbai County. The fifth Yunshan (the third son of Shida) had six sons, namely Bao Wen, Wen Yi, Wen Qing, Wen Wen, Wen Zi and Kunze. Now living in Luochong, there are vases, Shangchuan Yangjiang, Nanhai, Shixing, Suixi, Huizhou, Guangxi and other branches in Taishan County.
With the spread of branches, Zhen people spread all over Guangdong and Guangxi, but mainly lived in Taishan, Kaiping, Enping, Xinhui and other places in Guangdong, forming the blood wheel of the Zhen people in Lingnan with the "Siyi" dialect as the pedigree. Before the Qing Dynasty, there were not many people who moved the Zhen family. In the early Qing Dynasty, there were still four villages: Beikeng, Xiakeng, Shihai and Luochong. Later, with the increase of population and housing factions, a large number of immigrants gradually appeared. Since 1736 (the first year of Qing Qianlong), the descendants of four families have migrated to Haiyan area in Taishan County on a large scale, and villages and towns where people live together have been built. Later, many descendants of Shunhe settled in Guang Hai, Sanhe, Chonglou, Duanfen, Baisha and Xiachuan Island in Taishan County.
After the Opium War, the imperialist powers plundered cheap labor along the coast of Guangdong, and the descendants of Zhen Shunhe also joined the ranks of "contract Chinese laborers". With the progress of history and the improvement of the status of overseas Chinese, more people go abroad, which has become an important way for Zhen descendants to develop abroad. After the opening up of Hong Kong and Macao, a large number of Zhen people went to the two places to make a living and engage in business and various occupations. According to incomplete statistics, more than 30,000 descendants of Zheng Shunhe have settled in Hong Kong and Macao, and nearly 50,000 have emigrated overseas. Distributed in the United States, Canada, the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Venezuela, Mexico, Costa Rica, Britain, Australia, New Zealand and other countries. The United States has the largest population, especially in San Francisco, Los Angeles, new york, Boston and Chicago. Zhen people from overseas, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan have also set up clan associations in Zhen Shi. The Zhenshunhe Club in San Francisco was built in the 1930s, which is the "first club" built by Zhen people overseas. These organizations have played their due role in contacting ethnic groups, communicating the feelings of hometown and overseas Chinese, setting up various welfare undertakings, and strengthening the cohesion of the motherland and hometown.