Xie Daoyun (also known as Xie Daowen) was born in Yangxia, Chenjun (now Taikang County, Henan Province). Female poets in the eastern jin dynasty. Xie Anzhi's niece, daughter of Xie Yi, the general of Anxi, the second daughter-in-law of Wang Xizhi, the great calligrapher, and the wife of Wang Ningzhi, the son of Wang Xizhi, who defeated Fu Jian in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty. In 399 AD, Wang Ningzhi was killed by the Sun En Rebels, and she has been widowed. Xie Daowen is smart and intelligent, and her uncle Xie An once asked her, "What is the best sentence in Mao Shi?" A: "Ji Fu sang a song, as silent as a breeze. Nakayama is always pregnant to comfort his heart. " Ann praised her for her "elegance". Once Xie An called a daughter's nephew to talk about the meaning of the paper, and suddenly it snowed. Ann asked, "What are the snows like?" Xie Lang, an nephew, replied, "The air difference between sprinkling salt can be simulated." Daoyun said: "If catkins are not due to the wind." An dayue This famous snow-chanting sentence is well known. Today, there is an essay "Praise of the Analects of Confucius" and "Ode to Mount Tai" (one is "Mountaineering", and the other is "Poems about Songsong in the middle of the plan". Song Poems in the Quasi-Song Dynasty express the impermanence of life by singing pine trees.
Xie Daowen and her husband Wang Ningzhi have four sons and one daughter. The four sons are accumulated, flat, constant and gracious. A woman married Yu when she became an adult. According to "Biography of the Heroic Woman in the Book of Jin", Xie Daowen's children were all killed in Sun En's rebellion. So, although she was born in a famous family, she was also ill-fated.
Xie Daowen's "Ode to Mount Tai":
E 'e is high in the east and beautiful in the sky.
the middle of the rock is empty, and loneliness is mysterious.
if you don't work or reinvent yourself, the cloud structure will be natural.
what is the image of the vessel? That's why I moved it again and again.
if you die, you will stay at home in Siyu, and you can spend all your days.
in the fifth chapter of Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions, there is a saying: "It's a pity to stop working, and it's a pity to praise talents. Jade belts are hung in the forest and buried in the snow. " Among them, "Xu Xu Cai" uses the story of Xie Daowen, a talented woman in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. According to the biography of Wang Ningzhi's wife Xie in the Book of Jin: "Xie Daowen, Wang Ningzhi's wife, is smart and eloquent. When the snow suddenly falls, Uncle Xie An says,' What do you want?' Brother An Zi Lang said,' The difference between sprinkling salt and air can be simulated.' Tao Lu said,' If catkins are not caused by the wind.' An Dayue, the public promised it. "Later generations often praise women who are good at poetry and writing as" chanting talents ". It's a pity that Xie Daowen's masterpiece of singing snow has no words. Although this poem "Ode to Mount Tai" is not as famous as her poems about snow, it also shows its literary talent.
Poems about Mount Tai are magnificent from the beginning. The towering Mount Tai stands in the east of China, facing away from Huashan Mountain in Xiyue, Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue, Hengshan Mountain in Beiyue and Songshan Mountain in Zhongyue, so it is called Dongyue. The author describes it as majestic and magnificent, towering into the sky, and the word "Chong" in the second sentence is extremely vivid and dynamic, describing the momentum of Mount Tai winding up and piercing the sky. Then four sentences describe the landscape in the mountains, and the "space" of "empty space among rocks" is separated to show the scenery between the sky and the clouds and cliffs. "Cloud structure" refers to the cave in the mountain, and the sentence "no work, no craftsman", the author praised the merits of nature. These four sentences describe the beautiful scenery of Mount Tai, but the author did not paint it in detail. He only praised "loneliness is mysterious" and "clouds are natural", which seems to be simple and unpretentious. Who knows, this is the highest standard of aesthetic evaluation of Tu literati in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. According to Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu, people's articles in Wei and Jin Dynasties emphasized "quietness", "abstinence" and "natural beauty". At that time, the poetic style also advocated the metaphysical victory of quality. The ideological basis of this simple aesthetic view is the knowledge of Laozi and Zhuangzi. For example, in Zhuangzi Tiandao, it is said: "The husband is empty, quiet, indifferent and lonely, and everything is the foundation ... simple and the world can't compete with it for beauty." In "Deliberate Articles", he also said: "The man who is empty, quiet, indifferent and lonely is the foundation of this world and the quality of morality. Indifferent and infinite, and everyone is beautiful. " In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the study of Laozi and Zhuangzi was widely popular among the gentry, which not only became the yardstick of people and things, but also became the criterion of poetry aesthetics. Therefore, Xie Daowen praised Mount Tai for its loneliness, silence, seclusion and naturalness, which seems to be indifferent, but in essence expressed the author's highest praise for Mount Tai, including the author's incomparable admiration for the majestic Dongyue.
When a talented woman is at the top of the mountain, she also triggers her own sense of life experience. "What is the image of the instrument, which makes me move again and again." Because of the emotional scene, the author questioned the fate, why she was repeatedly exiled. It is difficult to study Xie Daoyun's life in detail, and these two sentences should have a reference, not a general pen. Looking up the biography of the Book of Jin, it is not difficult to infer that Xie Daoyun's husband, Wang Ningzhi, and other scholars were all lost at the hands of Sun En, a disorderly minister, and then they suffered from bereavement and displacement. However, the author did not come down to the lament of self-injury. "If you die, you will stay in Siyu, and you can do your best." Facing the majestic Mount Tai, the poet expresses the hope of being in the mountains and rivers, enjoying the years and melting the limited life into the infinite beauty.
In ancient China, most of the poems written by famous ladies were known for their femininity, and they were successful by turning to delicacy. However, Xie Daoyun's Ode to Mount Tai was full of masculinity. A talented woman is generous and generous, and she doesn't want a man. The biography of the Book of Jin is "graceful" and "loose-looking, with an atmosphere under the forest." This poem can be seen.