Appreciation of Copybook for calligraphy Dong Qichang's Running Script
Dong Qichang running script Copybook for calligraphy picture 1
Dong Qichang's running script Copybook for calligraphy Figure 2
Dong Qichang's running script Copybook for calligraphy Figure 3
Dong Qichang running script Copybook for calligraphy Figure 4
Brief introduction of Dong Qichang's calligraphy
Name: Dong Qichang.
Character life:
Dong Qichang was born in Dong Jiahui, Shanghai County (now Shanghai), Songjiang Prefecture, South Zhili, in the Ming Dynasty. Born in the thirty-fourth year of Jiajing (1555) on January 19th. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, he took the Songjiang government exam. At that time, he wrote a very proud eight-part essay, thinking that he would definitely win the championship, but when the list was announced, it was not as good as his nephew Dong. The reason is that the county magistrate thinks that the words on his test paper are poor, and although the article is good, it can only rank second. This incident greatly stimulated Dong Qichang, who made great efforts to learn calligraphy. Taking Yan Zhenqing's "Duo Ta Tie" in the Tang Dynasty as a model, it was later changed to Wei and Jin Dynasties, copying the posts of Zhong You and Wang Xizhi. After more than ten years' efforts, Dong Qichang's calligraphy has made great progress, and landscape painting has gradually become an introduction.
In the seventeenth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1589), Dong Qichang was a scholar and was elected as Jishi Shu because of his excellent writing style. He went to imperial academy for further study and worked there. Bachelor Tian of the Hanlin Academy died of illness, bid farewell to the coffin thousands of miles away, and sent the teacher back to Datian County, Fujian Province. Zhu Changluo, the eldest son of the emperor, used to be a lecturer. Soon, he returned to Songjiang due to illness. The dual status of Beijing official and painter makes his social status very different. Later, he served as the deputy envoy of Huguang and Fujian successively, and was once appointed as the official position of Henan's participation in politics. A year later, he was ordered to edit and recuperate. "I have eaten at home for more than 20 years." At that time, it coincided with the "national struggle" that lasted for more than ten years in the history of the Ming Dynasty, during which the famous "Demon Book Case" and "Prince Chu Prison" also occurred. The parties in the imperial court fought endlessly for the appointment of a prince, and the situation was complicated. Dong Qichang resigned as an excuse to go home for illness until Guangzong succeeded to the throne. Dong returned to the imperial court as an emperor teacher, granted Taichang, took charge of affairs, and compiled Records. However, Guangzong died a month after he took office. His successor, Xi Zong, was the Apocalypse Dynasty, and Wei Zhongxian and the emperor's wet nurse, Shi Ke, held the post. In the fifth year of the Apocalypse, Dong Qichang was appointed as the Shangshu of Nanjing Ritual Department, and retired one year later for "eight years at home". In the fifth year of Chongzhen, Wei Zhongxian died and the political situation was clear. At the age of 77, Dong Qichang became an official for the third time. In the second year, Wen Renren expelled Zhou Yanru from the cabinet, and with the encouragement of the remnants of Wei Zhongxian, he started a party struggle to exclude Lin Dong. In the seventh year of Chongzhen, Dong Qichang requested to go home. From the age of thirty-five, I went to my official career and returned to my hometown at the age of eighty. I retired for eighteen years and twenty-seven years. Compared with Lu Ji, a sage in Songjiang, his hometown, who advocated "a scholar dies for a confidant", Dong Qichang applied his political wisdom to the extreme. He entered the elite class with the imperial examination, made friends with Lindong School and Public Security School and appreciated each other, becoming an anti-Lindong side. His posthumous title "Wen Min" came from Ruan Dacheng.
In addition to studying classics and history, Dong Qichang also discussed painting and calligraphy skills with colleagues and friends, and commented on ancient and modern times. He learned from the paintings of Jin, Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties, followed them with his heart and hands, sometimes forgot to eat or sleep, made great progress in his studies, and became famous in Beijing. Dong Qichang has built Laizhonglou, Baodingzhai, Xi Hong Hall, Painting Zen Room and Xiangguang Room in his hometown. , toothpick jade axis, left picture and right history, place yourself in it, write books and explore the art of ancient and modern calligraphy and painting. He spared no effort to collect calligraphy books of famous artists such as Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, Xie An, Huan Wen, Zhao Gu and Mi Fei, and published Xihongtang Calligraphy Post in the 31st year of Wanli. During his sick leave in Songjiang, he was in his forties. He is well-informed, integrates all kinds of people, lives in Linquan and is familiar with people's hearts. He has created many famous landscape paintings depicting the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, such as A Tour of Ancient Paintings in Fengjing, Lin Chunhe Society, Warm Vegetables in Drift Lane, Divine Pagoda, Eight Scenes of West Lake, Rounding the Bend of the River and so on.
In the autumn of the 43rd year of Wanli (16 15), Dong Qichang resigned at home in his early sixties, and his two sons Dong Zu often took people to rob the tenant's daughter green camp. Soon, Dong Qichang used it to bribe storyteller Qian Er to rap this fabricated story, and the rumor quickly fermented. After Dong Qichang knew it, he asked Fan Chang for accountability, but Fan Chang refused to admit it. He also ran to the Chenghuang Temple to call names and defend himself. Perhaps the God of Town God effectively punished Fan Chang. Perhaps it is Fan Chang's own guilt and fear. Soon Fan Chang died of sudden illness. Fan's mother thought it was forced by Dong Jia anyway, so she took her daughter-in-law Gong Shi and her grandson Dong Shi and other maids to Dong Jia Jia to cry. Dong Jia certainly has a point. You have committed your own crime and vowed to anger the God of the Town God. What am I going to do? You fought back against the Fan family's invasion of the house. Fan's son was humiliated and risked his life to sue Dong Jia to the government for "cheating". It was the spring of the forty-fourth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (16 16), and the East Mansion was surrounded by incited scholars. The two sides fought and the scene was chaotic. In the end, hundreds of pavilions with carved beams and painted buildings in Dongfu were burned to the ground. /kloc-On October 9th, villagers burned down Dong Qichang's bookstore in Bailongtan, and sank the plaque of Dong Qichang's calligraphy "Pearl Pavilion" into the river, which was later called "copying Dong Huan" by the people. Dong Qichang took refuge in Suzhou, Zhenjiang, Danyang and Xing Wu, and it was not until six months later that the incident subsided. In the first year of Taichang in the Ming Dynasty (1620), Zongshen died and Zhu Changluo acceded to the throne as Guangzong. Guangzong acceded to the throne, and Dong Qichang was appointed as Taichang Shao Qing, in charge of national commerce. During this period, he was ordered to write a Record of Zongshen. In the fifth year of the Apocalypse (1625), Dong was appointed as the minister of Nanjing Ritual Department and retired in. Chongzhen five years (1632). After Chongzhen succeeded to the throne, he made great efforts to govern. Two years (1629), Wei Zhongxian died, and the political situation became clear. Dong Qichang was 77 years old when he became an old official and took charge of Zhan's affairs. In six years (1633), Zhou Yanru of North Korea was pushed out of the cabinet by Wenti Ren. Encouraged by the remnants of Wei Zhongxian, Wen Style Ren started a party struggle, excluding Lin Dong. In the seventh year (1634), Dong Qichang sought an official position. In August of the tenth year of Chongzhen, Dong Qichang died in Songjiang apartment at the age of eighty-two. He was buried in Dongshi Tomb in Yuyang Bay, Wuxian (now Jiangsu). In the first year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1644), the Nanming Axe King regime awarded Dong Qichang the same "Wen Min" as Zhao Mengfu, and later called him "Dong Wenmin".
Achievements of calligraphy art:
Dong Qichang's calligraphy absorbed the essence of ancient calligraphy, but did not deliberately imitate it. Dong Qichang's calligraphy works have the beauty of "Yan Gu Zhao Zi".
Dong Qichang's calligraphy achievement is also very high. Dong's calligraphy attainments are the highest in cursive script, and he is also quite conceited about his regular script, especially small script. Although Dong Qichang was in the era when calligraphy was popular in Zhao Mengfu and Wen Zhiming, his calligraphy was not blindly influenced by these two calligraphy masters. His calligraphy combines the calligraphy styles of Jin, Tang, Song and Yuan, and forms its own system. His calligraphy style is elegant and ethereal, elegant and self-sufficient. The brush strokes are elegant and plain. Use a pen accurately, always keep a positive face, and rarely use a pen that is depressed and dull; In terms of composition, word for word, line for line, branch layout, density symmetry, and strive to catch up with the ancient law. Ink is also very particular, dry and wet, wonderful. Calligraphy in Dong Qichang can be said to be a masterpiece of ancient law. "Six types" and "Eight types" were all refined under his hand. At that time, it was "famous in foreign countries, lacking in volume, spreading among the people, and competing for beauty." ("Ming history? Biography of Wen Yuan). Until the middle of Qing Dynasty, Kangxi and Qianlong took Dong Shu as the patriarchal clan system, and admired and favored him. They even copied Dong's books themselves, often listed on the right side of the seat, and read them in the morning and evening. Kangxi once wrote a long postscript praising his ink: "Huating Dong Qichang's calligraphy is very different. Its elegance and roundness are popular between Chu and Mo, which is beyond the reach of many scholars. Every time you are not careful, you will be unique, such as a breeze blowing and Wei Yun winding, which is quite natural. Taste its structural fonts, all from the Jin people. Gai spent most of his life in Ge Tie, in Lanting, winning teaching, and he was able to move his wrist, but his pen rotation seemed clumsy. ? Yan Zhenqing, Su Shi and Mi Fei are all famous for their grandeur and preciseness, but they are all Jin people. Zhao Mengfu is the second largest king. Its prosperity and origin are integrated, so it is necessary to copy the ideas of various schools, and the spirit of beauty and embellishment is unique. Cursive scripts are also arranged vertically and horizontally, which I appreciate very much. Its use of ink is wonderful, and the shade is unique. "He copied the most, and every time he said that his natural posture and skill were excellent, and it was hard." It is said that Kangxi also wrote "Shu Dong" by himself, which made Shu Donghong popular for a while, and there was a craze for Manchu people to learn from Shu Dong. For a time, the pursuit of fame and fortune almost always took Shu Dong as a shortcut to official career. On the occasion of Kangxi and Yongzheng, his calligraphy had a far-reaching influence, which was unmatched by other calligraphers.
Dong Qichang didn't leave a book monograph, but his experiences and opinions in practice and research can be found in a large number of inscriptions and postscript. Dong Qichang has a famous saying: "Jin people's books take rhyme, Tang people's books take method, and Song people's books take meaning." This is the first time in history that calligraphy theorists defined the aesthetic orientation of calligraphy in Jin and Tang Dynasties with three concepts: rhyme, method and meaning. These viewpoints have played a good role in explaining and guiding people to understand and learn classical calligraphy. Dong Qichang was diligent in painting and calligraphy all his life and enjoyed a long life. Therefore, many works have been handed down, including Pipa Xing by Bai Juyi, Poems of Haicheng, Imperial edict of III, Poems in cursive script, Postscript of Jiang Yan's Piles, Poems Before and After Nikuanzan's Red Cliff, and so on.