The Eight Great Writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties are the collective name of eight writers who were famous for their prose in the Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Che (collectively known as Sansu), Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong. Among them, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan were the leaders of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty; Ouyang Xiu and San Su were the core figures of the ancient prose movement in the Song Dynasty; Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong were the representatives of Linchuan literature. The waves of innovation in ancient Chinese literature they set off successively gave a new look to the outdated development of poetry and prose.
Han Yu
Han Yu (768-824), also known as Tuizhi, was a litterateur, philosopher and thinker in the Tang Dynasty who lived in Heyang (now Mengzhou City, Jiaozuo, Henan Province). people. His ancestral home is Changli, Hebei Province, and he is known as Han Changli in the world. In his later years, he served as the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, also known as the Ministry of Personnel. His posthumous title is "Wen", also known as Han Wen Gong. He and Liu Zongyuan were both advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. They advocated learning the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, breaking parallelism into prose, and expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese. Su Shi of the Song Dynasty said that he "went down from the eight dynasties of literature". He was a man of great help to the people of the world. He was loyal and offended the wrath of his master, and he bravely won the command of the three armies" (eight dynasties: Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Wei, Qi, Zhou, Sui); People in the Ming Dynasty praised him as the head of the eight great writers of prose in the Tang and Song dynasties, and together with Liu Zongyuan, he was called "Han Liu"; Du Mu put Korean writing alongside Du poetry, and called him "Du Shi Han Bi". He is the author of forty volumes of "Han Changli Collection", ten volumes of "Waiji", "Shi Shuo", etc. Han Yu is also a master of language. He is good at using the words of his predecessors and pays attention to the refinement of contemporary spoken language to create. There are many new sentences, many of which have become idioms that have been passed down to this day, such as "adding insult to injury", "getting wrong at every turn", "disorganized", etc. In terms of ideology, he is the founder of the concept of "Taoism" in China and a milestone in respecting Confucianism and opposing Buddhism. Characters.
Liu Zongyuan
Liu Zongyuan (773-819), courtesy name Zihou, was a writer, philosopher, essayist and thinker in the Tang Dynasty. His ancestral home was Hedong (now Shanxi). Yongji area in Yuncheng). He was known as "Liu Hedong" and "Mr. Hedong". Because he was the governor of Liuzhou, he was also called "Liu Liuzhou". Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu were called "Han Liu" and Liu Yuxi were called "Liu Liu". , together with Wang Wei, Meng Haoran and Wei Yingwu, were called "Wang Meng Wei Liu". He was a Jinshi in the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), and he wrote more than 600 poems and articles in his life. Da Shi died at the age of less than 50.
Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072), a politician, writer, historian and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, named Yongshu. In his later years, he was also known as the Drunkard (Liu Yi), a collection of 10,000 volumes of books, a collection of 1,000 volumes of inscriptions and inscriptions from three dynasties, a harp, a chess game, a pot of wine, and a Drunkard. Fengren was born in Mianzhou (now Mianyang, Sichuan). He was a Jinshi of Tiansheng. He became an official after his death. He was a supporter of Fan Zhongyan's Qingli New Deal and a leader of the poetry reform movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Shi's brothers, Zeng Gong and Wang Anshi were all his disciples in poetry, poetry and prose. They are all the best at the time. The poems are fluent in reasoning and lyrical, and they are one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". The style of poetry is similar to prose, focusing on momentum but being smooth and natural; He revised "New Tang Book" and wrote "New History of the Five Dynasties". He also liked to collect epigraphic texts and compiled them into "Collected Documents of Ouyang Wenzhong".
Su Xun
p>Su Xun (1009-1066), named Mingyun, was born in Meishan, Sichuan. He was fifty-eight years old and became a scholar at the age of twenty-seven. There are many talents, but none of them are successful. Nai Xifen wrote the article, closed his door to study, and then understood the Six Classics and hundreds of schools of thought. He wrote thousands of words in a short time, and he was the same as his two sons Shi and Zhe. When he arrived in the capital, Ouyang Xiu published twenty-two chapters of his works such as "Heng Lun" and "Quan Shu", which were passed down by the scholar-bureaucrats. Together with Yao Pi, the commander of Xiangcheng City in Chenzhou, he compiled the Longli Book of Rites, which is one hundred volumes of "Taichang Yinge Rites". The book is completed and died. Xun wrote twenty volumes of "Jiayou Collection" and three volumes of "Posthumous Methods", both of which have been handed down to the world in the "Biography of the History of the Song Dynasty". Su Xun is the "Su Laoquan" mentioned in the "Three Character Classic" who "starts to get angry at the age of twenty-seven". Although Su Xun got angry late, he worked very hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled studying with his father when he was young, and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father.
Of course, without Su Xun's diligent study, it would not have been possible for Su Shi to receive a good tutor at a young age, let alone Su Shi who "learned a lot about classics and history and wrote thousands of words a day" before he reached his prime.
Su Shi
Su Shi (1037-1101), also known as Zizhan and Hezhong, also known as "Dongpo Jushi", was given as a posthumous title by Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty. "Wenzhong", a native of Meishan, Sichuan, was a famous writer, calligrapher, painter, essayist, poet, poet and representative of the Bold School in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Shi has made great achievements in poetry, lyrics, prose, calligraphy, painting, etc., and is recognized as one of the most outstanding people in literature and art in China's thousands of years of history. His prose is also called "Han Chao Su Hai" with Han Yu, "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, his poetry is called "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian, and his poetry is called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji. He is known as "the first all-rounder in ancient China" ". Su Shi, his father Su Xun (1009-1066), and his younger brother Su Zhe (1039-1112) are all famous for their literature, and are known as the "Three Sus" in the world. In the second year of Jiayou's reign (1057), he and his younger brother Zhe became Jinshi. His works include "Dongpo Seven Episodes", "Dongpo Yuefu", "Dongpo Zhilin", etc.
Su Che
Su Che (1039-1112), courtesy name Ziyou, Han nationality, was from Meishan, Meizhou (now part of Sichuan). In the second year of Jiayou's reign (1057), he and his brother Su Shi were admitted to the Jinshi Department. During the Shenzong Dynasty, three departments of regulations were established for the system. Because he opposed Wang Anshi's reform, he became an official in Henan. During the reign of Emperor Zhezong, he was called Secretary Provincial School Secretary. In the first year of Yuanyou, he served as the admonition of Yousi. His officials, Yushi Zhongcheng, Shangshu Youcheng, and his subordinates, disobeyed Zhezong and the officials of Yuanfeng. They came out of Ruzhou, demoted to Junzhou, relegated to Leizhou, and moved to Xunzhou. After Emperor Huizong was established, he moved to Yongzhou and Yuezhou to become a Taizhong doctor, and then settled in Xuzhou where he became an official. He calls himself Yingbin Yilao. After death, his posthumous title was Wending. One of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, he is as famous as his father Xun and his brother Shi, collectively known as Sansu.
Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi (1021-1086), whose courtesy name was Jiefu, was also known as Banshan in his later years, and whose nickname was Badger Lang. He was granted the title of Duke of Jing, and was also known as Wang Jinggong. He was a native of Linchuan in the Northern Song Dynasty (today's Shangchi Village, Dongxiang County, Jiangxi Province), Han nationality. An outstanding politician, thinker, writer, and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was one of the eight great masters of ancient prose in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He was born in a family of minor officials. Father Yi, whose courtesy name was Shuizhi, was a military judge in Linjiang and served several prefecture and county magistrates in various places in the north and south throughout his life. Anshi was good at reading, had a strong memory, and received a good education. In the second year of Qingli (1042), he ranked fourth in the Jinshi Ranking and served successively as a judge in Huainan, magistrate of Yin County, Tong magistrate of Shuzhou, magistrate of Changzhou, and officials in Tidian Jiangdong Prison and other places. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), when Shenzong ascended the throne, he ordered Anshi to know Jiangning Mansion and was summoned to become a Hanlin bachelor. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in political affairs. From the third year of Xining, he was appointed Tong Zhongshu Menxiaping, the reformer of the family, to implement new laws twice. After Xining resigned as prime minister in the ninth year, he lived in seclusion and died of illness in Zhongshan, Jiangning (now Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province). He was given the posthumous title "Wen". "The prime minister's belly can punt a boat" refers to Wang Anshi. Hailed by Lenin as "China's greatest reformer in the eleventh century.
Zeng Gong
Zeng Gong (1019-1083), August 25th of the third year of Tianxi Day - April 11th, the sixth year of Yuanfeng), named Zigu, known as "Mr. Nanfeng" in the world, was of Han nationality, from Nanfeng, Jianchang (now Jiangxi Province), and later lived in Linchuan (now west of Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province). The grandson of Zeng Zhiyao and the son of Zeng Yizhan. He was a Jinshi in the second year of Jiayou (1057). He was one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties" and one of the "Seven Great Masters of Nanfeng" (Zeng Gong, Zeng Zhao, Zeng Bu, etc.). Zeng Yu, Zeng Hong, Zeng Xie, Zeng Dun)