Celebrate National Day, pronounced huān dù guó qìng
National Day
National Day, also known as National Day and National Day Memorial Day, refers to a day established by a country A statutory holiday commemorating the country itself, usually the country's independence, the signing of the Constitution, or other significant anniversaries. On this day, various celebrations are held in every country. In ancient China, the emperor's accession to the throne and birthday were called "National Day". The oldest National Day in the history of the world is that of San Marino. As far back as AD 301, San Marino designated September 3 as its National Day. The National Day of New China refers specifically to the People's Republic of China.
Celebrations
Holiday arrangements
Since 1998, National Day has been the "Golden Week" holiday in mainland China. The legal holiday period for National Day is 3 days, and the two weekends before and after are adjusted to be holidays together, for a total of 7 days; for overseas institutions and enterprises in mainland China, it is 3-7 days; for the Macao Special Administrative Region, it is 2 days, and for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for 1 day.
Military Parade Ceremony
Every fifth or tenth anniversary of the New China, there will be celebrations and military parades of different sizes. The most influential and representative ones in history are the founding ceremony and the founding of the People's Republic of China. Six military parades for the 5th, 10th, 35th, 50th and 60th anniversaries.
Since the founding ceremony of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, China has held fourteen National Day military parades.
In the ten years from 1949 to 1959, China held 11 National Day military parades.
In September 1960, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council implemented the policy of "strictly practicing frugality and building the country with diligence", reformed the National Day ceremony system, and implemented "a small celebration every five years, a big celebration every ten years, and a big celebration every ten years" Hold a military parade."
In 1964, the military parade regulations issued by the Ministry of National Defense listed military parade provisions for the first time. Subsequently, due to the "Cultural Revolution" and other reasons, the National Day military parade was not held for 24 consecutive years.
In 1984, based on Deng Xiaoping's proposal, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to resume military parades and held a large-scale National Day military parade on the 35th anniversary of the National Day in 1984.
In 1999, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to hold a military parade to mark the 50th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. A large-scale military parade was held in Tiananmen Square on October 1, 1999.
The 60th anniversary military parade was held on National Day in 2009.
The Founding Ceremony
The Founding Ceremony was held on October 1, 1949, and history was fixed at the Tiananmen Gate Tower. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, Lin Boqu, Secretary-General of the Central People's Government, announced the start of the founding ceremony of New China. Chairman Mao Zedong solemnly announced in a Hunan accent: "The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China was established today!"
The military band then played the solemn and passionate national anthem "March of the Volunteers"... as it resounded through the sky. The national anthem sounded, the gun salute roared, Mao Zedong solemnly pressed the flag-raising button, and the first bright five-star red flag of New China slowly rose on the flagpole in front of the Tiananmen Gate Tower...
After the national flag was raised and the gun salute was fired, Mao Zedong read out the "Announcement of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China" and decided to change Peking to Beijing as the capital of the People's Republic of China. Facing the joyous sea of ??300,000 people, facing the rebirth of the phoenix in China Earth, Mao Zedong declared: The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China "accepts the Communist Party Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference as the policy policy of this government"...
At 4 p.m., Secretary-General Lin Boqu Announced the official start of the military parade. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, wearing a brand-new military uniform made of woolen material, stepped down from the Tiananmen Gate and took an open-top car. Accompanied by the parade commander-in-chief Nie Rongzhen, he inspected 16,400 officers and soldiers of the army, navy and air force. After the review, Zhu De issued the "Chinese People's "Order from the People's Liberation Army Headquarters", he required all commanders and fighters in the army to quickly eliminate the remnants of the Kuomintang's reactionary army and liberate all unliberated lands. Subsequently, the grand parade and mass parade kicked off.
Nie Rongzhen led the review troops of the navy, army and air force through Tiananmen Square from east to west at the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China and accepted the review by party and state leaders.
The first to goose-step through Tiananmen Square was the 155-member People's Navy formation that made its debut. This is a young force. In the history of the 14 grand military parades of the Republic of China, the Army was at the forefront in 13 of them, but the only one in the Founding Parade was the Navy. The naval corps was the first to pass the Tiananmen reviewing stand, and Li Guanying, holding the "August 1st" military flag, became the first soldier in the military parade at the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China. This was followed by a multi-service infantry force composed of more than 8,000 officers and soldiers, including 40 formations including submachine gun battalions, light machine gun battalions, heavy machine gun battalions, infantry regiments, communications battalions, and combat defense gun battalions, passing through Tiananmen with great momentum. Following the infantry phalanx were artillery divisions pulled by large American trucks and tank divisions composed of motorized infantry, armored infantry and tanks. Most of the equipment of the troops being reviewed was seized from the enemy during the War of Liberation and the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. They record the illustrious military exploits of the people's army. In this square formation, some artillery carts pulled by mules and horses were also deliberately arranged to show that the artillery force developed and expanded from mules and horses. Following closely behind were the cavalry division troops from the Chahar Grassland. The cavalry division is composed of 3 cavalry regiments, followed by an artillery battalion that pulls field artillery. There are 1,920 military horses in total, organized into 6 columns, passing in a queue of 6 horses in parallel, and divided according to the color of the horses. "Red Horse Company", "White Horse Company", "Black Horse Company". This was the first time the cavalry passed through Tiananmen Square. The cavalrymen were astride their horses, holding steel spears and raising their sabers, all of them looked majestic.
When the torrent of steel from the Chariot Division rumbled across the square, the newly formed People's Air Force flew over Tiananmen in batches in two-plane and three-plane formations. The flying war eagles caused a wave of high. A wave of cheers passed.
Planes being reviewed at the Founding Ceremony
When the military parade was being planned for the Founding Ceremony, Nie Rongzhen, the commander-in-chief of the military parade, proposed to Chang Qiankun, director of the Aviation Bureau of the Central Military Commission: organize a flying team to pass through Tiananmen and accept Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai , Liu Shaoqi and other leaders of New China reviewed.
After collecting the information, the Aviation Administration gathered some aircraft in good condition at Nanyuan Airport and formed a flying squadron. The main aircraft types include: P-51 Mustang fighter, Mosquito bomber, C-46 transport aircraft, PT-19 trainer aircraft and L-5 liaison aircraft, with a total of 17 aircraft, but it is still not enough.
Zhou Enlai then proposed that since the P-51 Mustang fighter jets were faster and more numerous (nine), they could fly in front of the queue. The slower PT-19 trainer aircraft and L-5 liaison aircraft flew behind. After the P-51 Mustang fighter jet finished flying, it circled the field, quickly followed the PT-19 trainer aircraft and the L-5 liaison aircraft, and passed over Tiananmen for the second time to be inspected. In this way, the number of aircraft that people saw during the celebration was not 17, but 26.
In addition to flying twice, when the fleet of aircraft under review passed through the sky, four of them were carrying live ammunition, which was unprecedented in the history of world military parades. The reason is that the aircraft being reviewed was still on combat duty at the time.
The founding ceremony of the People’s Republic of China is brought forward
The original date of the founding ceremony of the People’s Republic of China was New Year’s Day in 1950. At that time, a delegation from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, headed by Liu Shaoqi, Secretary of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, paid a secret visit to the Soviet Union. During his visit to the Soviet Union, Stalin once asked Liu Shaoqi: When do you plan to announce the establishment of the central government? Liu Shaoqi truthfully told Stalin based on the opinions brewed by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China before going abroad: We are currently concentrating our efforts on solving the problems in the provinces of South China. The establishment of the central government will not be until January next year, and the specific time may be arranged on New Year's Day. After hearing this, Stalin suggested: Of course, when solving major problems, we must be prudent and seize the opportunity, but more importantly, we must not miss the opportunity. I would like to remind you to pay attention to preventing the enemy from taking advantage of the so-called anarchy to cause interference. This is an extremely vicious move and must be guarded against.
Liu Shaoqi was keenly aware that this was a well-intentioned and very important advice. So a report was made to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. After carefully considering Stalin's suggestions and analyzing the international and domestic situation, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China quickly made a decision: on October 1, 1949, the Central Government of the People's Republic of China was established. At the same time, a grand ceremony, the Founding Ceremony, was held.