Lecture 19: The Pen and Ink Gate of Wei and Jin Culture

Celebrities in the Wei and Jin Dynasties obviously wanted to subversively rewrite the original Chinese culture, but their behavior lacked social aura. They cried and laughed while playing iron and playing. Not only were ordinary people completely ignorant of it, but most of them It is also difficult for most scholars to understand and follow.

Xiang Xiu, a cultural follower who helped Ji Kang blacksmith, was afraid after Ji Kang was killed, so he chose a cold evening to pay his respects to the house where Ji Kang lived. All he heard was the whining flute sound coming from the neighbor's room. There were only these mediocre flute sounds in the world. There would never be Guangling San again. Xiang Xiu left in a hurry. Later, he became a man with a high position but did not do anything. As an official, Ji Kang no longer has a legacy among his students.

What’s even more amazing is that Ruan Ji’s son Ruan Hun has never been drunk once in his life. Ji Kang’s son Ji Shao is actually a loyal minister who died to protect Emperor Hui of Jin. Their appearance is at home. It cannot be preserved inside, let alone outside the door.

Although celebrities in the Wei and Jin Dynasties partially rewrote Chinese culture, their rewriting was in the long-term and in terms of quality, rather than actually influencing the cultural trend at that time. They delivered a poignant blow, poignantly etched in history but quickly forgotten at the time.

In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there was also a non-murderous, anxious and violent culture that was loved by everyone and has been preserved for a long time, that is calligraphy, especially the running script represented by Wang Xizhi .

To be able to produce such quiet and elegant art in such a chaotic era is really shocking to the greatest balance between heaven and earth. Therefore, after thinking about those inspiring stories, I must bring everyone to the forefront of Wei and Jin pen and ink, so that you can experience a great aesthetic in great turmoil amid the huge gap.

Aesthetically speaking, running script is a harmonious fusion of righteousness and a spiritual embrace of norms and freedom. This fusion and embrace is the dream of all artists. Unfortunately, most of them are restrained by each other, focusing on one and neglecting the other, and it is difficult to achieve a good state. In the 14th century, China’s running script came into being. What miracles did it create?

Over the next 1,700 years or so in China, countless literati copied Eastern Jin running script throughout their lives, not for their content, but for their aesthetic form. The proportions of Cao Kai in running script are also different. Jin Cao is called running script, while Jin Kai is called running script. The form is unknown. No matter what the ratio is, once the two are combined, there will be a series of risks. That is the clear spring passing through the rock, and that is the crane dancing wild geese. Ming, what’s amazing is that after seeing so many scenery, when I take a closer look, I see only some pure black flowing phenomena in front of me.

If you can see so many scenery from running script, you must have entered the deepest part of Chinese culture. However, running script is so popular that even a slightly educated Chinese can speak of it. Preface to the Collection of Wang Xizhi and Lanting , then you must enter that magical door.

Any art history is divided into two levels. The shallow level is a small street with many signs, densely packed vendors, and the deep level is some famous names. They are usually kept closed, and only after asking for a long time, After paying attention to it for a long time, I waited for a long time before opening a crack in the door and stepping in, only to find dense woods and deep corridors in the house.

How many outstanding calligraphers are there in the Wang family? Wang Xizhi's father Wang Kuang is one of them, but Wang Xizhi's uncles Wang Dao and Wang Yi have much higher calligraphy standards than Wang Kuang. In Wang Xizhi's generation, among his cousins ??Wang Xuan, Wang Qia and Wang Hui are all great calligraphers. .

Among them, Wang Yi’s sons Wang Xiong and Wang Min are still good at pen and ink. Boyuan Tie, which we can still hold our breath in the museum to catch a glimpse of, was written by Wang Xuan.

There are so many famous people in the Wang family who are of course a hot spot for choosing a son-in-law. One day, a prince named Xijian sent his disciples to choose a son-in-law. The prince had a daughter named Xixuan, who was both talented and beautiful. At the age of marriage. The young men in the east wing were all there and knew the origin of this disciple, so they all dressed up and greeted him with smiles. Only a young man on the bed in the east was eating with his stomach exposed, not caring at all about the disciple Taiwei.

After the disciple went back and described it to him, the Taiwei said that he was the one, so this frank young man became the Taiwei's son-in-law, and Dong Bed became the laudatory name for son-in-law in Chinese culture from then on. This frank young man The young man is Wang Xizhi.

After Wang Xizhi married Xixuan, they gave birth to 7 sons, each of whom was good at calligraphy. 5 of them can be officially recorded in history. Except for the youngest son Wang Xianzhi, his name will last forever, including Ningzhi, Huanzhi and Huizhi. , Cao Zhi, these four are all masters of calligraphy.

These sons inherited and developed Wang Xizhi from different aspects. Some people commented that they can get their rhyme through condensation, their body through exercise, their appearance through brilliance, and their origin through dedication. This comment of Dongguan Public Opinion may be good.

What is even more jaw-dropping is that many women in this family are also great calligraphers. For example, Wang Xizhi’s wife Xixuan was praised by celebrities around her as the most beautiful calligrapher among women. Wang Xizhi's daughter-in-law, also known as Wang Mingzhi's wife Xie Daoyun, is a well-known cultural leader. Her calligraphy is rated as graceful, elegant, rich and late. In this family atmosphere, Lian hired her to help raise her. The younger son's nanny, Li Ruyi, can actually write in cursive.

Li Ruyi and his wife Wang, who lived in the Wang family next door, were also masters of calligraphy, and their elegant pen and ink flowed like a stream. Can we imagine those sieges today, 1,700 years later? People who come in and out of this lintel hall rarely talk about calligraphy. No celebrity's handwriting will be hung in the halls of famous doors, but a note left on the doorstep in the morning will definitely become a national treasure that will be robbed for thousands of years at home and abroad once it is passed down.

No one takes calligraphy as a profession, and no one makes a living from calligraphy, but what appears is just an atmosphere of life. Having said so much, I should also recall the famous invitations left by famous people in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Among the large number of famous invitations, my favorite ones are Lanting Preface, Kuai Xue Shi Qing, and Ping An. My favorite Mid-Autumn Festival invitations are no matter when or where. As long as I see their photocopies, I will suddenly feel happy, all the gloom will be swept away, and all the troubles will disappear.