On the Manuscript of Mathematician 1
On Mathematician Manuscripts II
On Mathematician Manuscripts III
On Mathematician Manuscripts 4
Stories about mathematicians 1:
Lagrange (1736— 18 13) is a famous French mathematician, mechanic and astronomer, a pioneer of variational method and the founder of analytical mechanics. 18th century is known as "the greatest hope in Europe and the greatest mathematician in Europe".
Lagrange was born in Turin, Italy. As the eldest son, his father wants him to study law. However, Lagrange has no interest in law and loves literature.
Lagrange,/kloc-the greatest mathematician in Europe in the 8th century, until 16 years old, he was still very partial to literature and had no interest in mathematics. /kloc-when he was 0/6 years old, he accidentally read an article introducing Newton's calculus, discussing the advantages of analytical methods, which aroused his infinite admiration and admiration for Newton, so he made up his mind to become a Newton mathematician.
After entering the Royal Artillery Academy in Turin, Lagrange began to teach himself mathematics in a planned way. Thanks to his hard work, he made rapid progress and began to teach mathematics in this school before graduation. At the age of 20, he was officially appointed as an associate professor of mathematics in the school. From this year on, Lagrange began to study the problem of "minimax". He adopted the method of pure analysis. 1758 In August, he wrote to Euler about his research method, and Euler spoke highly of it. From then on, the two masters began to communicate frequently, and in this process, a new branch of mathematics-variational method was born.
1759, on the recommendation of Euler, Lagrange was nominated as a member of the Communication Academy of Berlin. Then, he was elected as a foreign academician of the Academy.
1762, the French Academy of Sciences offered a reward to solve the problem of why the moon rotates and always faces the earth with the same face when it rotates. Lagrange wrote an excellent paper, successfully solved this problem and won the Academy Award. Therefore, the name of Lagrange spread all over Europe and attracted the attention of the world. Two years later, the French Academy of Sciences put forward the so-called "six-body problem" of the perturbation problem between Jupiter's four satellites and the sun. Faced with this problem, Lagrange is fearless. After several sleepless nights, he finally found the answer by approximate solution, thus winning the prize again. This award won him a world reputation.
1766, Lagrange succeeded Euler as the director of the Institute of Physical Mathematics of the Berlin Academy of Sciences. During his 20 years as director, Lagrange published many papers and won many awards from the French Academy of Sciences: 1722, and the paper "On the Three-body Problem" won the prize; 1773, his paper "On the Long-term Equation of the Moon" won another prize; 1779, Lagrange's paper "Studying the Perturbation Theory of Comets by Experiments of Planetary Activities" won the double prize.
During his work in Berlin Academy of Sciences, Lagrange made extensive and in-depth research on algebra, number theory, differential equations, variational methods and mechanics. One of his most valuable contributions is in the theory of equations. His book "Solving N-degree General Equation by Algebraic Operation (N >；; 4) The conclusion "No" can be said to be the basis for Galois to establish group theory.
Most notably, Lagrange completed the greatest classic work since Newton-On Indefinite Analysis. This book was written after 37 years of painstaking efforts. When it was published, he was over 50 years old. In this book, Lagrange wrote the universe into a rhythmic melody composed of numbers and equations, which developed dynamics to the peak and unified the two branches of solid mechanics and fluid mechanics. He established a beautiful and harmonious mechanical system by using the variational principle, which can be said to be the basis of the whole modern mechanics. Great scientist Hamilton praised this masterpiece as a "scientific poem".
18 13 April 10, Lagrange died of illness and completed his brilliant scientific journey. His rigorous scientific attitude and work style of striving for perfection affect every scientist. His academic achievements also provided rich nutrition for the growth of world famous mathematicians such as Gauss and Abel. It can be said that in the following 100 years, many important discoveries in mathematics were almost related to his research.
Story about mathematicians 2:
"People went to Yaochi unexpectedly, and they thought about it all night. It's rare to be together for a lifetime, but once you reach the age of 100, you will never be together forever ... "This is a poem written by mathematician Su Wei for his late wife Su (Matsumoto) at the age of 100. Mizi is a great Japanese woman and one of the first foreigners to obtain China nationality. Sue accompanied her through 60 years of ups and downs and achieved a touching farewell at the turn of the century.
Mathematician Su got married in Sendai after his international breakup.
1924 In the spring, Su, as the only international student from China, applied for the mathematics department of the famous Northeast Imperial University in Sendai and was admitted with the first place. Imperial University is a famous university in Japan. Sue won the first prize every year, and there are still some research projects going on, so he naturally became a celebrity in the school.
At this time, he paid special attention to another famous person in the school, Miko Matsumoto. Mizi is the daughter of Professor Matsumoto of Imperial University. She is not only outstanding in appearance, but also proficient in flower arrangement, calligraphy and tea ceremony. She also likes music, especially the guzheng. After a party, Sue saw it. I have always admired Sue, especially her wisdom and sincerity. Later, the two often spent the whole year together.
1927, the Department of Mathematics of Northeast Imperial University of Technology hired graduate student Su as an algebra lecturer, which made him the first foreign student to be a lecturer in the history of the university. The relationship between two people has been an open secret at school, and many people bless them; However, those who are always pursuing are jealous and say, "Sue is a hillbilly from China, and her family is very poor. Besides, people who study well may not succeed in the future. You won't have a good life with him. " But Mizi was unmoved. Sue can't stand the hostility of some boys. She doesn't want to be pestered by others. After discussion, they decided to get married as soon as possible.
My mother is a kind-hearted Japanese housewife. She thinks that Sue can entrust her life. Although Professor Matsumoto also likes Sue very much, he thinks that he is from China after all and comes from a humble background, so he has always disapproved of this marriage. At Mizi's insistence, Professor Matsumoto finally compromised. 1928, young people from other countries finally got together and tied the knot in Sendai. From then on, Miki Matsumoto changed her husband's surname to Sumiko.
Follow my husband to China.
Mizi became a housewife wholeheartedly. In order not to affect Su, she even gave up her specialties such as guzheng and calligraphy, leaving only tea ceremony and flower arrangement, because these two hobbies are good for Su's body and mind. One year after marriage, that is, 1929, Mizi gave birth to a girl. 193 1 At the beginning of the year, there were 4 1 research papers on affine differential geometry and related aspects, which appeared in mathematical journals in Japan, the United States and Italy, and became a well-known figure in Japanese and even international mathematics circles. The Matsumoto family all wanted Sue to stay and work in Japan, and Tohoku Imperial University also sent him a letter of appointment. Sue has her own difficulties. Before going abroad, he met his senior Chen, and after returning home, he set up a first-class mathematics department in his hometown. Now, Chen has finished his studies and returned to China ahead of schedule, and his stay has become a difficult problem for him.
Careful Mizi has long discovered that he sighs all day and doesn't want to have tea and rice at all. One night after dinner, Sue, who never smokes, smoked a stuffy cigarette and asked him what was on his mind. Sue told the whole truth. He doesn't want to stay in Japan for selfish reasons. To his surprise, Mizi heard his plan and didn't stop it. Instead, she encouraged him to say, "Qing, I support your decision. First of all, I love you, and you love China, so I also love China. I support you to go back to the place we all love, and I will follow you wherever you go. " In a few short words, Sue was particularly moved: she is a woman who knows everything! With the support of his wife Su, he returned to Hangzhou alone. The conditions of Zhejiang University are far worse than he imagined. Not only is the monthly salary stated in the letter of appointment far from that of yenching university, but because of the shortage of funds in the school, although he was rated as an associate professor, he didn't get a penny for four consecutive months. Fortunately, my brother, an engineer in Shanghai Arsenal, helped me in time, otherwise Sue would have to make a living by pawning. In order to support the family, Sue plans to go back to Japan.
The wind reached the ears of Shao Peizi, president of Zhejiang University. That night, the talented educator knocked on Sue's door: "You can't go back! You are our baby ... "Under the feeling be nasty, President Shao blurted out this sentence. Sue couldn't believe her ears. "Really, absolutely, you are our baby!" President Shao said excitedly. It was this sentence that magically dismissed Su's plan to return to Japan: "Well, I won't go." A few days later, President Shao personally raised 1200 yuan for Su, which solved his urgent need. During the summer vacation, Sue, who had some savings, went to Japan to meet her family.
1On July 7, 937, Japan launched a full-scale war of aggression against China. Su, He's life in China has just begun, and their life has been ups and downs. After the "August 13th Incident" this year, Japanese planes bombed Shanghai and Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas indiscriminately, and the environment of Zhejiang University was very dangerous. The school held a meeting all night to discuss and decided to move. At noon, Sue was packing in the department when a postman sent an urgent telegram. Soda came out and wrote a few short words on it: "Imperial University Hall decided to hire Su Hui as a professor of mathematics again, with good treatment." Sue said angrily, "You invaded our country, and you still want me to go?" He turned pale with anger and decided not to give any answer.
A few days later, an official of the Japanese Consulate in Hangzhou found Sue's home. Su happened to be away, and the official thought it was a Japanese woman, so he said, "As a Japanese, I wonder if my wife would like to come to the consulate to taste the delicious food in her hometown?" We are waiting wholeheartedly. " Mizi immediately refused to say, "I have been used to life and food in China since I married the Soviet army." The messenger had to leave.
A few days later, someone came to lobby Sue: "Your wife is Japanese and you are a Japanese son-in-law. The Japanese won't treat you badly. " Sue immediately asked, "You mean, you want me to be a traitor?" This is like a sword, leaving the other side speechless. When the couple made all the preparations for moving together with the school, they suddenly received an urgent telegram from Sendai: Professor Matsumoto is in critical condition! Sue handed over the telegram. He has a good relationship with his father-in-law, but he can't go back to visit his old man's house because of national issues. He wants Mizi to go back to Sendai alone to visit his father. After listening to his words, I bowed my head and thought about it, and then said something that shocked Sue: "I'm not going back. Anyway, I support you! Always follow you! "
Farewell to the century in trouble
The difficult migration began. Sue carries the burden, with books and lesson plans at one end and young children at the other. Mi Zi holds simple clothes in one hand and the older children in the other. Because of the bad road conditions, in order to avoid the Japanese bombing, and there is no means of transportation, most of the time I walk like this. However, what is even more embarrassing is the harsh interrogation along the way. Because they are Japanese and enemies, every time they pass through the checkpoint, the military and political personnel on duty always review the Su family repeatedly. Sue's explanation didn't help. Later, the headmaster, Zhu Kezhen, was so fond of talents that he got special permission from the war zone chief, only to avoid this time.
After a long journey of more than 2,600 kilometers, teachers and students of Zhejiang University arrived in Meitan near Zunyi, Guizhou, and set up a temporary school building. Life was very difficult at that time, and the son born in Su Gang died of malnutrition. Holding her son's body in her hand, Mizi was very sad, but the Japanese woman's perseverance made her not complain. At that time, Sue was the head of the Department of Mathematics, but he didn't even have a good dress. He often wears patched clothes to the podium. When he drew geometric figures on the blackboard, his classmates pointed to him and said, "Look, Mr. Su's clothes are all triangles, trapezoid, squares and spiral curves!" " Michiko knows about it. She felt that she didn't fulfill her responsibilities as a wife, so she pawned the wedding anniversary jade that her grandmother gave her and added a new dress to Sue. Sue was surprised: "How can you pawn such a valuable thing in exchange for my clothes?" Redeem it quickly! " Mizi smiled sweetly: "I don't want my husband to be wronged." Not long after the school settled down, I caught up with the exam and made a defense report. One night, a student named Xiong came to Sue's house in a hurry. He was afraid that the report of the seminar the next day would not pass the official consultation. Sue said discontentedly, "How can you have a good job when you are cramming for the Buddha's last minute?" The bear's face flushed. Mizi heard the sound and quickly put on her clothes and dodged. After Sue's guidance, Xiong returned to the dormitory for a busy night, and the paper finally passed the test the next day. Bear came to America and became a famous professor. More than 40 years later, he returned to China to visit Su Lao and said with deep affection, "Thanks to my husband's painful scolding." He was also very grateful to Mizi for his kindness: "Otherwise, I really don't know how to get out of that door!"
1982, Mizi was finally bedridden because of years of overwork. Sue arrives at the hospital at 4: 30 every afternoon, and is carefully cared for by medical staff. 1In May, 1986, Miko Matsumoto passed away quietly at the age of 8 1. Before she died, her greatest wish was to let Sue not be sad, but to live well. After his wife's death, Sue always took his wife's photo with him and said meaningfully, "I deeply understand the phrase' live in my heart'. It's like my wife is still walking in the garden with me, giving lectures in the pulpit and attending meetings together ... "In 2003, Sue, a centenarian, finished her last journey in the memory of her dead wife.