In the aforementioned "problems (1) and (2)", Li Wentian's negation theory based on the Qing Dynasty and Guo Moruo's further negation theory are mentioned. The general contents are as follows: In the early spring of 353 A.D., Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Orchid Pavilion, "Why bother to be sad when drinking happily", Shen Qizhi in Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Orchid Pavilion, is a false trust in later generations, and the two sentences in Jin people's Happy Narration of Laozi and Zhuangzi and Preface to the Orchid Pavilion are consistent with "Buddhist language". It is about six years since the Lanting site was destroyed and the Preface to Lanting was questioned. However, Guo Moruo never mentioned this matter, and whether it is related to politics is "inconclusive", but this can be shelved. As the "academic discussion" of predecessors, why "should there be a result?"
How clever Guo Moruo is. It is said that in his childhood, he became familiar with himself and "never read a book". That's not bad. It's strange that the ass is not swollen. Guo Fu knew there were no books, but he was complained by his brother, and he was inevitably reprimanded. Guo Fu found the book, but Guo Moruo memorized it from beginning to end. A board for free. It turns out that Guo Moruo read a book, but after reading one page, he pulled another. It's gone after reading the book. People doubt that it has the ability to read at a glance, so Guo Fu has to do so. Later, he became a rare writer, historian and calligrapher in China. As far as the study of "Oracle Bone Inscriptions" is concerned, I'm afraid no one can match it in modern times. I remember a story. It was his disciples who saw two strange "symbols". The first symbol is "add a horizontal line to the word' worm'" and the second symbol is "two horizontal lines", but neither can be solved. Guo Moruo asked for it. The old man explained: this is "boundless romantic", but this "boundless romantic" can't be called "boundless romantic"? The old gentleman thinks that "a bug is as blind as a bat". The disciples were all surprised. Now there is the word "world famous mountain" at the entrance of Mount Emei, which was written by Guo Moruo. Looking at its four words, it is also worthy of being a "calligraphy giant." I'm afraid no one can match it. Especially the beginning of the word "name", just like the finger of the Buddha mother, is shocking. The word "mountain" is even more calm, just like the portrayal of the towering fairy mountain. Speaking of which, I might as well take another trip and walk into the "world famous mountain". About a mile up, it is the "National Security Temple". This "National Security Hall" used to be "Huizong Hall", but now the three-character plaque of "National Security Hall" was written by Kangxi. Then why did Kangxi get the book National Security Temple? In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, he left without saying goodbye and followed an empty door. Later, in order to find his whereabouts, Kangxi searched everywhere, only knowing that the clue was "into an empty door." Mount Emei was originally a land of Buddhism. How could it be spared? So there was the story of "Kangxi went to Emei". For the political struggle after Shunzhi's departure, Liang wrote "Seven Swords Down the Tianshan Mountains", which is the background of his statement. Others say that after Zhang's defeat, the remnants of Dashun Army fled to the "Green Valley" of Emei Mountain, and often contacted the "Hongye Villa" (Nanchong) where Zhang's remnants lived, and had contacts with Wu Sangui, the king of the day. Because of this, it is inevitable that Kangxi will go to Emei. Let's talk about entering the national security temple. On the left, there is a horizontal plaque of "Fa Yu Dong Chui" written by Mr. He Zhiyu (No."Yiquan"), a hundred calligraphers today. This Mr. He Zhiyu is very accomplished in Buddhism. According to his research, "Pure Land Sect" was created by people in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which is the same as that of Wang Xizhi.
The purpose of prolonging the last paragraph has been made clear. I'm afraid it's difficult to describe it at the same time, so I mention it here.
Let's go back to the problem of Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting. Presupposition the establishment of Guo Moruo's negative theory. Accordingly, among the "story problem", "author problem" and "law post problem", the first two "problems" can be classified into one general content; "The problem of legal posts" is not in this topic.
According to predecessors, Chinese learning can be summarized as follows:
Academic thought is the soul of a nation. It seems empty and thin, but in fact, the direction of progress depends on it. China is an academically developed country. For thousands of years, academics have been classified and each has its own essence. If you want to elaborate, it will be tens of millions of words. What I am talking about here is only the outline of ideological change and its relationship with the whole culture. Accordingly, China's academic thought can be divided into three periods:
① From ancient times to the Han and Wei Dynasties.
(2) From the introduction of Buddhism to the late Qing Dynasty. Among them, it is divided into Buddhist periods; Neo-Confucianism period.
(3) Since the spread of western learning to the east.
Nowadays, people who study pre-Qin philosophers mostly focus on their philosophy. This is really wrong.
Scholars in pre-Qin period have two sources: (1) degenerated from ancient religious philosophy. (2) It was conceived by various specialized officials. The former emphasizes metaphysics, while the latter emphasizes politics and society. History of Literature and Art says that all the scholars' learning originated from Wang Guan. "A Brief Introduction to Huainan" says that scholars' learning is due to the disadvantages of saving time. One says its cause, and the other says its fate, which are not as good as ancient philosophy. In particular, it can be seen that the pre-Qin philosophers paid more attention to politics and society than to metaphysics. This means that only Zhang can be seen nearby. The philosophical thoughts that degenerated from ancient religions are as follows: (1) The establishment of the concept of yin and yang is due to the phenomena of men and women, birds and beasts in nature, and the existence of heaven, earth, sun and moon. (2) Ancient industries were divided into five categories: water, fire, wood, gold and earth. Real life affects philosophical thinking, so matter is divided into five elements. (3) Ideological progress, I feel that the Five Elements Theory is not very reasonable, but I admit that the essence of everything is one, which is called Qi. (4) At this point, the combination of Yin and Yang is not the foundation of the universe. Because the last is always unique, and only the only one can be the last. Is to establish a unique concept, which is called Tai Chi. (5) Know that quality and strength are not two different things, and the so-called existence is only hidden. (6) Because of change, the root of the universe has become a force. (7) This motivation is quite mechanical. Once started, its direction is not easy to change. So it means cautious. The forces of nature are enormous. Only obey, not resist. So be natural. So expensive. (9) The direction of this force is cyclical. So it means to make a fortune. So, you know white and keep black, and you know public and keep mother. (10) Since the original entity of everything is constantly changing, everything is just one thing. Heaven and earth are also one of all things, so Hui Shi should advocate universal love, saying that heaven and earth are integrated and the theory of things can be unified. On homotopy, class also. (1 1) Because everything is one thing, we can still deduce the general source of heterogeneity. The so-called "poverty is the mission." These thoughts have had a profound influence on later generations. Scholars of all ages regard this as the golden rule. Admittedly, such a broad statement is not easily misunderstood. Because his theory has a broad outline, it can be interpreted in many ways, that is to say, there seems to be no harm in keeping his theory as a grand outline. However, some misconceptions that can no longer be applied have to be corrected. For example, according to the circulation theory, the ancients obtained it by observing the phenomenon of hot and cold day and night. This theory can be applied to nature, although it may be incorrect. If you transfer to social science, you will be misunderstood. It is obviously evolutionary, and it is cyclical in any case.
Political and social views of pre-Qin philosophers. They are farmers, Taoists, Mohists, Confucianists and Legalists.
Farmhouses represent the oldest ideas. As long as you look at Xu Hang, you can understand this. There are two opinions about Xu Xing: (1) The government has no authority. (2) Price does not distinguish between quality. If it is not based on the customs of the oldest and most humble society, we must never have this idea. Chapter One: Mencius and Teng Wengong.
Taoism represents the rebellious thoughts of a nomadic and aggressive society. Leading the Han people is called Huang Lao. Liezi and Tian Rui have two books, The Book of the Yellow Emperor and Lao Zi. There is another sentence from the Yellow Emperor. Mo Lifeng has a Yellow Emperor book. Also very much like Lao Tzu. The book Laozi (I) is mostly composed of three or four rhymes. (2) The terminology used is extremely special. If there are men and women, there will be no roles for men and women. (3) The book means that women's rights are higher than men's rights. It is worthy of its antiquity. This must have been passed down from mouth to mouth since ancient times, and I never wrote it myself. The Yellow Emperor is a man with superb martial arts and should be the chief of a militant tribe. Aggression against the nation is generally too rigid and folded. Such as Yiyi and Yi Yin, are all suitable examples. So there is a reaction in thought, so we should teach it to be soft. Laozi also advocates inaction. The meaning of the word inaction was misunderstood by later generations. For training. Miscellaneous Notes on the Book of Rites: Confucius said, "Zhang is not relaxed, and civil and military affairs are indispensable." Loose but not open, civil and military do not do it. " This department is based on agriculture. Words are easy but not open, although civil and military can't turn seeds into grains. Jia Yi's "Training the People for Private Casting": "There is more and more money, and food is not for it." That's what it means. Barbarian tribes often long for efficiency and civilization, and their desire for efficiency and civilization often sacrifices the happiness of most people. (A) due to social organizations, it has changed. (2) Because people in the world are engaged in extravagance, they are all naked. Therefore, there is a reactionary thought that advises people all over the world not to lead people all over the world to change. People in the next place will "do what they want" and "make the town nameless and simple", which is exactly the same as today's people choking to death.
Mohism represents the culture of Xia Dynasty. Han Wenyi said that the ancient rituals of Mohist "thatched cottage is expensive and frugal" are often preserved in a simple way as a memorial after the progress of civilization. If there is wine, water is still used for sacrifice, which is an example. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Gong Yu brought a map of Zhang Mingtang with Mao on it. Visible, Han Zhi this statement is true. Raising three young people is based on fraternity. The third old man is more important, but he is someone else's father and brother. Shang Xian is the foundation of talent selection. For civilian use. Worship strict father as a ghost. People die like ghosts. Going with the flow is fatal. Life is destiny takes a hand Follow the laws contained in the four seasons, that is, the "monthly order". According to the "Monthly Order", there is something wrong with the decree. If Meng Chunxing has a summer vacation, there will be disaster. This is heaven's punishment. However, God has the will to observe people's actions at any time and reward them. This is the origin of Mozi's theory of heavenly wisdom. The so-called fate of his family contains the meaning of fate and is close to the mechanism. Seeing the world with filial piety is regarded as a sign. Ditto. "Obviously, this is the responsibility of the hall. Therefore, Han Zhi said that he was an official of the Qing Dynasty. See chapter 15. " "Of course, Lulan" said: "Duke Hui of Lu asked me to pay tribute to the suburban temple. The son of heaven ordered the stone suburbs to go, but it was for the public interest. Later, I studied in Lu and Mozi. "This is the official confirmation that Mohist thought comes from the Qing palace. It makes sense that ancient teachings can be preserved in temples in the Qing Dynasty. Mohist school pays the most attention to practicality. The classics, the classics, the big ones and the small ones all talk about profound philosophy. They are all written by famous artists and are all in Mohist books, which is why. But this is not what Mozi emphasized. Mozi's aim is universal love. Because of universal love, we should not attack. In addition, Mozi's life was simpler than that of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, because the summer period was earlier and after the flood, so Mozi's aim was frugality. Because you are expensive and frugal, you should be frugal, frugal and not happy. In addition, the Xia Dynasty was earlier and superstition was deeper, so Mozi had a view of astronomical phenomena and ghosts and gods. If you want to talk about providence and ghosts, you must die. What Mohism did was to change the ceremony of fierce famine and funeral.