What is the definition of a scholar? Can scientists be considered literati? Do calligraphers and painters count? Does a musician count? Please don't copy, I read an encyclopedia.

Personally, literati usually refers to people who write articles and poems. The humanistic quality of ancient painters and calligraphers is generally good. Ancient scholars are not called scholars if they can't write well. It is often said that literati. Ancient scholars were all scholars, studying poems and songs. Up to now, there seems to be no specific concept. When scholars say they think of writers like Qian Zhongshu and Shen Congwen. So I think calligraphers and painters can be regarded as literati, but it is not appropriate for scientists and musicians to be called literati (of course, if scientists and musicians are good at poetry, writing and painting, this is another matter ...)