"Preface to the Lanting Collection" Study Guide
[Learning Objectives]
Knowledge and Ability
1. Understand the details of the Lanting Banquet Collection The origin and process, understand the reason why the author's emotions changed from joy to sadness, and the attachment and love for life hidden in the deep sigh.
2. Master the special phenomena of classical Chinese speech categories and sentence patterns that appear in this article.
Process and method
Through reading, students can understand the meaning of the text, and students help each other and cooperate to question and explore important classical Chinese knowledge.
Attitudes, emotions and values ??
Appreciate the natural beauty depicted in the article, learn to care for nature, and establish a correct and positive outlook on life.
[Learning Key Points]
Master the ambiguity of content words such as "Xiu", "Qi", "Ci", "Zhi", "Lin"" and so on, and accumulate the usage of word categories and special sentence patterns in the text.
Clarify the idea structure of the article and improve classical Chinese reading ability.
Appreciate the refined, beautiful, simple and fresh language in the article.
[Difficulties in Learning]
Deeply understand the author’s mental journey and view the issue of life and death correctly and positively.
[Class Arrangement] 2 Class Hours
[Knowledge Connection]
1. Problem Solving
This article is selected from "Book of Jin? Wang Xizhi" pass".
Orchid Pavilion is a scenic spot in the southwestern suburbs of Shanyin (now Shaoxing City, Zhejiang), which was governed by Kuaiji County during the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It has beautiful mountains and clear waters and elegant scenery. It was a place where celebrities and elegant people often gathered at that time. Orchid Pavilion is located at the foot of Lanzhu Mountain, 12.5 kilometers southwest of Shaoxing City. It is said that King Goujian of Yue once planted orchids in this area. In the Han Dynasty, it was the post pavilion, so it was named Orchid Pavilion. After several iterations, it was fully restored in 1980.
2. Common sense about the genre of preface
Preface is a style of writing, and there are two types. One is a gift preface, and the other is a book preface. The latter is usually written at the front of the book or collection of essays, and the content is mostly about introducing the content and features of the book, the process of writing the book, and the purpose of the bibliography. Some are similar to essays, some are similar to narratives, some are like expository essays, and some are written in the same style as prose. Most of these are written for collections of poetry and harmony. "Preface to the Lanting Collection" is such an article. "Preface to the Lanting Collection" is the preface to the Lanting Collection of Poems.
3. Author
Wang Xizhi (321-379), also known as Yi Shao, was born in Langxie (now Linyi County, Shandong Province) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Later he lived in Shanyin, Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Born into a wealthy family, he has an upright personality and strictly observes moral integrity. He started out as a secretary, later moved to join the army, and has a long history. He paid homage to the general of the Protecting Army, transferred to the general of the Right Army, became the internal history of Kuaiji, and was known as the King of the Right Army in the world. During his tenure in Kuaiji, there was a famine and he opened a warehouse to provide relief to the people. Because he had a falling out with his boss, Wang Shu, the governor of Yangzhou, he resigned due to illness. From then on, he traveled around the forest, focusing on the landscape and specializing in calligraphy.
Wang Xizhi is a famous calligrapher in ancient times. According to legend, Wang Xizhi learned calligraphy at the age of 7 and read the writings of his predecessors at the age of 12. When I was young, I studied Wei Shuo and thought I was not bad at it. Later, he crossed the Yangtze River to visit famous mountains and saw the calligraphy of famous artists such as Li Si and Zhong Yao. In Luoyang, he saw Cai Yong's Stone Classics and Zhang Chang's "Huayue Stele", and began to realize that he was not up to par. So he studied many monuments and his calligraphy skills greatly improved from then on. It created a new style of majestic and flowing style, pushing cursive writing to a whole new realm. His cursive writing best embodies this artistic beauty. Commentators say
His writing style is as floating as floating clouds and as strong as a frightened snake, and he is known as the "Sage of Calligraphy". Wang Xizhi is broad-minded and loves natural landscapes. His prose is clear, simple and long-lasting, which shows his literary skills.
4. Background of the times
The political terror of the two Jin Dynasties was that the ruling groups were fighting against each other, and massacres occurred from time to time. The scholar-bureaucrats were dissatisfied and generally respected Lao Zhuang and Zhuangzi, and pursued a quiet and laissez-faire life. The prevalence of metaphysics had a complex impact on the thoughts, lives and literary creation of scholars. The content of literary creation is depressing, with a strong sentiment of transcending the world and escaping reality. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the trend of talking about Lao and Zhuang's metaphysics was very popular, which was the time when metaphysical literature was rampant.
However, Wang Xizhi responded to the ethos of "purity and few desires, especially good at metaphysical language" and the formalism of pursuing parallel style, and wrote a beautiful prose "Preface to the Lanting Collection" with sincere words, simple and natural words, which not only made a great contribution in the literary world of the Eastern Jin Dynasty It occupies a place in the history of Chinese literature and enjoys a high reputation in the history of Chinese literature.
5. Background of the article
In order to ward off disasters on the third day of March every year, the ancients went to the waterside to play, which was called bad luck. On March 2, the 9th year of Yonghe reign of Emperor Mu of Jin Dynasty (AD 353), 51-year-old Wang Xizhi (then the internal historian of Kuaiji) invited his friends Xie An, Sun Chuo and 41 other people to gather at Lanting (to repair evil spirits). A unique poetry session. They made a drink of mourning from the Qushui River (sitting on both sides of the Qushui River, placing the wine glass on the clear stream, and letting it drift. Whoever stops in front of it will compose an impromptu poem, otherwise they will be fined with wine). At that time, each person was required to make four One Chinese poem and one five-character poem. Later, Wang Xizhi recorded the famous names and poems one by one and compiled them into a collection called "Lanting Collection". He also wrote a preface to this collection, which is the "Preface to the Lanting Collection". It is also called "Lanting Preface" in calligraphy. He is the best calligrapher in the world.
6. Heavenly stems: A, B, C, Ding, Wu, Ji, Geng, Xin, Rengui
Earthly branches: Zichou, Yinmao, Chen, Siwuweishen, Youxuhai
For example: Revolution of 1911, Reform of 1898, Xin Chou Treaty
[Tutorial process]
First lesson
[Self-study and doubt solving]
1. Give the phonetic notation for the following underlined Chinese characters.
縙( )Chou Kuaiji( ) >
2. Find and explain the characters
① Enlightenment within one room ( )
② Interesting and interesting ( )
3 , Translated sentences:
(1) Looking up at the vastness of the universe and looking down at the prosperity of categories, wandering your eyes and wandering your mind is enough to provide you with great audio-visual entertainment, which is a joy to believe.
Translation:
(3) The situation will be shortened and changed, and it will eventually end.
Translation:
(5) Although the world is different and things are different, the reason for the excitement is the same.
Translation:
4. Overall perception and sorting out ideas
(1) Find the words that change the author’s emotion from the text?
( 2) Fill in the blanks according to the content of the text and grasp the basic ideas of the article:
The first paragraph of the text describes the grand occasion of the Lanting Gathering. First, the time, place, and reason for the grand event were introduced. The sentence is . Then he described the people and scenes at the meeting: . Then it introduces the environment of the venue: , atmosphere: , weather: , and finally describes the behavior and mood of the participants: .
The second paragraph discusses based on the first paragraph and explains the origin of the poems in this "poetry meeting". Let’s start with the social and social affairs of society. It points out that although people have different lifestyles, hobbies and personalities, their emotions change with the situation. It is precisely this. This kind of unique emotion arouses people's desire to write poetry. The sentence to write down this emotion in poetry is.
The third paragraph explains the purpose of collecting the poems into a collection. Divided into two levels. The first layer expresses the feelings and inspirations received from reading the poems of the ancients. The sentence is . The second level explains the purpose of compiling poems into a collection, and its sentence is .
[Cooperative research]
1. In what order does the first paragraph of this article describe the Lanting event?
2. What did the author and others think of this event? It is fun to believe, and in what ways?
3. Read the second paragraph, and use the original sentence of the text or your own words to summarize the issues discussed in the second paragraph.
Why is the author? Painful?
4. Read the second paragraph. The author expresses his feelings after the banquet. The lyrical tone changes from joy to sadness. Why is there such a change?
[Training Operation feedback correction]
1. Explain the meaning and usage of ?
(1) At the beginning of late spring ( )
(2) Although there is no flourishing of silk and bamboo orchestra ( )
(3) Looking up at the vastness of the universe, looking down The prosperity of categories ( ) ( )
(4) The relationship between the wife ( )
(5) The tiredness of her ( )
(6 ) still have to be inspired by it ( )
2. Explain the underlined words:
(1) It is also a matter of cultivating bad luck ( )
(2) Observe the prosperity of the categories ( )
(3) So you can wander around with your eyes full ( )
(4) It is enough for visual and auditory entertainment ( )
(5) The relationship between the lady ( )
(6) The situation is short-lived and will eventually end ( ) ( )
(7) Life and death are also great ( )
3. Point out the special sentence types:
(1) Meet at the Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin, Kuaiji ( )
(2) Lead to the flowing water ( )
(3) Although there is no such thing as silk and bamboo orchestra ( )
(4) Looking up at the vastness of the universe, looking down at the prosperity of categories ( )
(5) When it is Be happy with what you encounter ( )
(6) Life and death are also big things. ( )
[Extension]
From the perspective of "life and death are also important", talk about your views on life and death?
[Study Summary]
Second Lesson
[Self-study to explain doubts]
1. Explain the underlined words:
(1) The solid knowledge that life and death are illusory ( )( )
(2) Qi Pengshang acted in vain ( )
(3) Therefore, the reason for being happy is the same ( )
(4 ) After reading, you will also be impressed by Si Wen (Yu: ) (Si: )
2. Point out the special sentence types:
(1) It cannot be described in mind ( )
(2) You will also be impressed by the gentleness ( )
(3) You know that life and death are false, and mourning is a vain attempt ( )
3. Point out the inflections of the parts of speech in the following sentences
All the wise men have come to an end: Life and death are also great:
One cup and one chant: A great audio-visual entertainment:
Qi Pengshang is an illusion: one death and life are an illusion:
Flowing water: wandering eyes and thoughts:
[Collaborative exploration]
1. In the third paragraph, from "Linwen laments" to "Death and life are an illusion, and Qi Peng's mourning is an illusion", what kind of thoughts and feelings does the author express?
2. Many people have It is said that this paragraph is based on "sadness", but is it really "sad"? How do you view Wang Xizhi's outlook on life? Combined with the text or historical figures, how do you understand Wang Xizhi's perception of life?
[Training operation feedback correction]
1. Complete the second exercise after class.
2. The sentence that is the same as the word "believe" in "believe in cola" is: [ ]
A. Faith is not beautiful, and good words are not believed
B. Be true to your words and be resolute in your actions
C. Letters are beautiful
D. Confucian scholars in the world prefer to believe in teachers but in ancient times
3. The term that has the same meaning as "yue" which cannot be ignored is ( )
A. Those who do not bribe will be ruined by bribing them
B. It is enough to be extremely powerful Audio-visual entertainment
C. Serve the Qin Dynasty and pay homage to the geniuses of the world
D. The monarchs and ministers stick to the Zhou Dynasty to get a glimpse of the Zhou Dynasty
4. The following sentences are translated correctly One of them is: [ ]
A. The appreciation for the place has become obsolete.
Translation: Faced with happy things, they become a thing of the past in an instant.
B. I know that life and death are false, and mourning is a vain attempt.
Translation: I already know that it is absurd to regard death and life as the same, and it is also vain to regard long life and short life as the same.
C. The lady’s relationship will last a lifetime.
Translation: People interact with each other and spend their lives quickly.
D. The future will look at the present, and the present will also look at the past.
Translation: When future generations look at the people of today, they should also look at the circumstances of their predecessors based on the people of today.
[Extension]
As a viewer, what are your feelings after reading this article?
[Summary]
[Extracurricular reading]
The ideal of life that blends Confucianism and Taoism
? Appreciation of "Preface to the Lanting Collection"
Everyone knows that Wang Xizhi's " "Preface to the Lanting Collection" is "the best running script in the world", and due to the numerous authentic legends and stories in history, this running script is as ethereal as a dragon, as if it were a thing in the sky. However, in addition to its sacred status in the field of calligraphy art, the content and ideas of "Preface to the Lanting Collection" have also been praised and praised by ancient and modern book critics. The philosophical thinking revealed between the lines is deep and free, and the understanding of the universe and life is mixed with sadness and joy. In the desolation, In his emotion, he powerfully expresses his persistent attachment to life, which is indeed a wonderful chapter in the history of literature and thought in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
The Wei and Jin Dynasties were a period of major changes in Chinese history. The prosperous cities and commodity economy of the Qin and Han Dynasties shrank relatively, while the manor economy since the Eastern Han Dynasty has been increasingly consolidated and promoted. In line with this natural economy, the gentry class, which is divided, divided, independent, inherited from generation to generation, and highly hierarchical, occupies the center of the stage. The manifestation of social changes in ideology and cultural psychology is the collapse of the dominant Confucian classics of the Han Dynasty. The cumbersome and pedantic Confucian classics finally collapsed under the impact of the turmoil of the times and the peasant revolution. What emerged instead was the world view and outlook on life of the wealthy gentry and landlord class. Various ideological trends that had been suppressed for hundreds of years emerged. At the same time, Buddhism, which had a considerable foundation in the Central Plains, also had a strong influence on the world. Scholars had a profound impact. In this way, a speculative and rational philosophical spirit is rediscovered, and ideological freedom brings a fresh breath to literature. Wang Xizhi's "Preface to the Lanting Collection" is one of the spokespersons of this trend of thought.
The preface explains the time and place of the banquet, and then describes the surrounding natural scenery. In Wang Xizhi's writings, Kuaiji Mountain is full of vitality: in the warm late spring, the high mountains and ridges are like beauties covered with green silk, the lush forests and tall bamboos, and the mood of spring is gloomy. Looking closely at the water in front of you, it is clear and bright, flowing happily under your feet. All this life is so lively and upright, and people in it, drinking and chanting, seem to be integrated into Kuaiji Mountain. In this paragraph we can see the influence of Taoist thought on the author: every plant, every tree, every mountain and every water is a life that is equal to human beings, and nature coexists harmoniously with human beings.
The author associates the scenery around him with the universe as the place where all things exist. The sky is clear and the air is clear, and the wind is gentle and gentle. Looking up at the vastness of the universe and looking down at the prosperity of categories, the author no longer focuses on the performance of specific scenery, but actively gets close to nature and expresses nature.
The mind wanders in the vast universe and is infected with the colorful natural life. The author's individual thinking is already in dialogue with Tianyu. The surprise, joy and intoxication generated by it make the author seem to feel the preciousness of this moment. The magic and weight of life.
The author here points directly to the essence of life from a philosopher's perspective and explores the circumstances of life's existence. It turns out that the transition from birth to death is an inevitable natural law. No matter how beautiful life is, it cannot escape the tragic ultimate situation of death. So, should we be passive and inactive as Lao Zhuang said? Should we believe in the prophecy of fate? Treat death and life as the same thing, and treat short life and long life equally?
Wang Xizhi gave The answer is negative: Although life will always come to an end, some people live inactively and even do harm to others; some people live vigorously and do whatever they want. Such a life may be just an infinitesimal speck of dust in the vast universe. Sand, but it still has its value. As Zang Kejia said in his poem: Some people are alive, but they are already dead; some people are dead, but they are still alive. Wang Xizhi took articles as an example. The lives of our predecessors have passed away, but the articles they left behind often make us mourn when we write them, but we cannot express them in our hearts. It can arouse the excitement of future generations and find close friends across time and space. This is the value of the lives of the predecessors who wrote the article? The dead people do not leave no trace in the world. In this sense, life is both limited and infinite. In the limited time, while people are still alive, the value of life is created; in the infinite time of death, the value of life will be passed on to future generations. Manifest. This worldly philosophy is clearly influenced by Confucianism: abandoning nothingness and not letting life pass easily. However, this kind of joining the world is very different from the Confucian joining the world: Confucianism takes the world as its own responsibility, and is somewhat fettered by fame and collective, while the joining of the world in "The Preface to the Lanting Collection" is based on the awakening of life consciousness and emphasizes the individual existence value.
Looking back at this time, the author's description of the natural scenery and his unrestrained thinking about the universe are actually showing his ideals of life. He believes that such a life is valuable: being cordial with friends Talk on the ground, get rid of the interference of trivial matters in the world, get close to nature, let your spirit fly in nature, pursue the freedom of the soul, and enjoy life to the fullest.
"The Preface to the Lanting Collection" is just like Wang Xizhi's running script, which accepts the natural harmony of Taoism, but does not become ethereal, and is not as eloquent and boundless as cursive script; it pursues the Confucian philosophy of worldliness, but liberates individuals from it. , which gives me precious freedom, instead of being as rigid and dull as regular script. The perfect combination of elegance and strength is Wang Xizhi's ideal of life and the essence of "Preface to the Lanting Collection".