Qi Baishi
Qi Baishi (1864-1957), a native of Xiangtan, Hunan, was a master of Chinese painting in the 20th century, one of the top ten calligraphers of the 20th century, and a world cultural celebrity.
Qi Baishi was born on New Year’s Day in 1864 (November 22nd in the second year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty) in Xingziwu, Baishipu, Xiangtan County, and on September 16, 1957 (August 23rd in the Dingyou year) ) died of illness in Beijing at the age of ninety-four. The clan name was Chunzhi, nicknamed Azhi, given name Huang, courtesy name Weiqing, nicknamed Lanting, Binsheng, and Baishishanren, so he lived under the name of Qi Baishi; there were also Qi Da, Mu Ren, Mu Jushi, and Hongdou Sheng. , descendant of Xingtang old house, borrowed mountain old man, owner of borrowed mountain chant hall, Jiyuan, Pingweng, owner of Jiping hall, president of Longshan, three hundred stone seal millionaire, owner of Baishu Lihua, etc. There are a large number of pen names and self-titles. He came from a poor family and only attended a short private school. He studied carpentry at the age of fifteen and became famous for his carving skills. At the age of twenty-six, he switched to painting from Xiao Xiangye and Wen Shaoke. At the age of twenty-seven, he started studying painting from Hu Qinyuan and Wen Shaoke. Chen Shaofan studied poetry, calligraphy and painting. At the age of thirty-seven, he became a disciple of Confucian Wang Kaiyun, and became mentors and friends with Wang Zhongyan, Li Songan, Yang Du and others. In his hometown, Qi Baishi lived successively in Xingdoutang, where he was born, Jieshanyin Hall of Meigong Temple, and Jiping Hall of Rujiachong. Since the age of 40, he has left his hometown for traveling. He has traveled five times and returned five times. He has traveled to Shaanxi, Henan, Beijing, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Guangdong and Guangxi. He has enjoyed famous mountains and rivers and met many famous people in the world, including Fan Fanshan, Xia Wuyi, Guo Baosun and others are all close friends. At the age of fifty-five, he fled the chaos and went north, settling in Beijing two years later. At that time, he worked with Chen Shizeng, Xu Beihong, Luo Yigong, Lin Fengmian and others. At the age of seventy-four, he traveled to Shu and met Huang Binhong and Jin Songcen.
Qi Baishi advocated that the beauty of art lies between resemblance and dissimilarity. During his declining years, he adopted the reform method and learned from painting masters such as Xu Wei, Zhu Da, Shi Tao, and Wu Changshuo, forming a unique freehand Chinese painting style with red flowers and ink. Ye Yipai is particularly famous for its work on fruits, vegetables, flowers, birds, insects and fish, as well as figures, landscapes and landscapes. Together with Wu Changshuo, it enjoys the reputation of "Southern Wu and Northern Qi"; with its simple folk art style and traditional literati The fusion of painting styles has reached the highest peak of modern Chinese flower and bird painting. I learned seal cutting from Ding Jing and Huang Xiaosong at the beginning, and later imitated Zhao Jushu, and took the Fahan seal. See the "Stele of Sacrifice to Sangong Mountain" and "The Stele of Tianfa God's Prophecy". A representative figure in the period of change. His calligraphy is widely used on inscriptions and inscriptions, and he is particularly good at seal script and running script. The poems do not ask for craftsmanship, and have no intention of Tang and Song Dynasties. They follow the natural method, and the writing is spiritual and unique. His paintings and calligraphy were praised by poets as the Four Wonders. He was diligent throughout his life, worked hard, worked hard by his own efforts, had a noble character, and was especially proud of his national integrity. He left behind more than 30,000 paintings, more than 3,000 poems, autographs and other manuscripts, and many volumes of handwriting. His works have been printed repeatedly in various forms.
Qi Baishi served as honorary professor of the National Peking Art College, honorary president of the Peking Art Writers Association, honorary professor of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, research librarian of the Central Museum of Literature and History, director of the Chinese People's Association for Foreign Culture, and honorary academy of the Chinese Academy of Painting. Chairman, Beijing Chinese Painting Research Association, Chairman of the National Artists Association; attended the National Congress of Literary and Art Workers of China twice in July 1949 and September 1953, and was continuously elected as a member of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles; elected to the first session in August 1954 Representative of the National People's Congress; had a close friendship with Chairman Mao Zedong and received interviews; in January 1953, the Ministry of Culture awarded him a certificate of honor and the title of "People's Artist"; in December 1955, the German Democratic Republic and the Academy of Arts and Sciences awarded him the Correspondence Academician's certificate of honor; in April 1956, the World Peace Council awarded him the 1955 International Peace Prize, and an award ceremony was held in September; in 1963, he was elected as a world cultural celebrity by the World Peace Council.
Qi Baishi
1864-1957
Qi Baishi: His original name was Chunzhi, and his nicknames were Weiqing and Lanting. Later he changed his name to Huang, and his nickname was Bingsheng, and his nicknames were Baishi and Baishi. For the elderly, please refer to the old people of Xingziwu, the descendants of the old house in Xingtang, the owners of the Shanyin Pavilion, Ji Ping, Qi Da, Mu Juquan, the old farmers in Xiangshang, the rich man with three hundred stone seals, etc. A native of Xiangtan, Hunan. His family was poor, so he studied for a year when he was young. He studied and studied painting while herding cattle and cutting firewood. In 1877, he became a carpenter's apprentice, and the following year he switched to carving and woodworking. He once copied "The Mustard Seed Garden Painting Biography" and used it to create new carving patterns. He began to study painting in 1888 and served as the president of Longshan Poetry Society. Since 1902, he has traveled to Shaanxi, Beijing, Jiangxi, Guangdong, and Guangxi. During the seven years of "five outings and five returns", he saw famous mountains and rivers. His painting style was transferred from Gong, his calligraphy was transferred from He Shaoji style to Wei stele style, and seal cutting was transferred from Ding and Huang to Zhao Zhiqian style.
In 1917, he entered Beijing for the second time and met Chen Shizeng, Yao Mang's father and others. He returned to Hunan the following year. He settled in Beijing in 1919 and began to implement reforms. In 1926, he taught at the National Peking Art College. During the Anti-Japanese War, he said that "paintings will not be sold to officials." In 1946, he resumed his career of selling paintings and making seals. In the same year, he went to Nanjing and Shanghai to hold solo exhibitions and served as an honorary professor at the Peking Art College. In 1952, he was appointed as an honorary professor at the Central Academy of Fine Arts. He has successively served as Chairman of the Chinese Artists Association, Research Librarian of the Central Museum of Literature and History, Chairman of the Beijing Chinese Painting Research Association, and Honorary President of the Beijing Chinese Painting Academy. He was elected as a deputy to the first National People's Congress. In 1953, he was awarded the title of "People's Artist" by the Central Culture Commission. In 1955, he was awarded the Honorary Certificate of Correspondence Academician by the German Democratic Republic and the Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1956, he won the 1955 International Peace Prize from the World Peace Council. In 1963, he was elected as a world cultural celebrity by the World Peace Council. He is the author of "Borrowing Mountain Poems", "Baishi Poems", "Autobiography of Old Man Baishi", etc. He has published nearly a hundred kinds of various painting collections including "The Complete Works of Qi Baishi".
Biography
The original name was Chunzhi, with the courtesy name Weiqing, and later changed to Huang, with the courtesy name Pingsheng, and the nickname Baishi. The nickname was borrowed from the owner of the mountain hall, and sent to Ping Lao Ping and Xingzi. Wu Lao Min, Mu Ren, Mu Jushi, etc., are from Xiangtan, Hunan. He is a famous painter, calligrapher and seal engraver in my country in the 20th century. He once served as professor at the Beijing National Academy of Art, honorary professor at the Central Academy of Fine Arts, honorary president of the Beijing Academy of Fine Arts, and chairman of the Chinese Artists Association. He was awarded the title of "Chinese People's Artist", won the 1955 International Peace Gold Medal of the World Peace Council, and was elected as a "World Cultural Celebrity" on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth in 1963, etc. There are "Baishi Poetry Grass", "Baishi Seal Grass", "Selected Works of Qi Baishi", "Collected Works of Qi Baishi", etc. handed down from generation to generation.
He worked as a carpenter in his early years, and later learned poetry, seal cutting, calligraphy, and painting from local intellectuals Chen Shaofan and Hu Qinyuan. So he made a living by selling paintings and engraving. In his middle age, he traveled many times to the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. Fan Zengxiang, the poet, wrote with sincerity and the interest of ancient folk songs. The seal making method is based on the Qin Quan, Han seals and Han stele foreheads. It is made with a single sword, bold and powerful. He Zizhen, Jin Dongxin, Li Beihai, "Tianfa Shenprophe" and "Sangong Mountain" were calligraphers. In his later years, he participated in the construction of monuments with Cao Zi. With the support of Chen Shizeng, painting underwent a "decline reform", which allowed him to navigate between the broad and the subtle. He has written many "good articles" that are "eternal masterpieces".
Qi Huang was a carpenter and a great artist who was outstanding in poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing. His artistic experience was legendary. Regarding these four skills, he considers seal cutting to be the first, poetry second, calligraphy third, and painting fourth.
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Two or three things in life
During the Anti-Japanese War, Xuan Tiewu, commander of the Peking Puppet Police and chief spy chief, celebrated his birthday and forced the traditional Chinese painting master Qi Baishi (1863-1957) to attend. Feast painting. Qi Baishi came to the banquet, looked around at the guests, thought for a while, spread the paper and waved. In the blink of an eye, an ink crab appeared on the paper. Everyone was full of praise, and Xuan Tiewu was overjoyed. Unexpectedly, Qi Baishi wrote a line of words on the painting with a slight stroke of his pen - "How long will the rampage last", followed by "General Tiewu", then raised his head and walked away.
A traitor asked for a painting, and Qi Baishi drew a tumbler with a white nose and a black gauze hat, and wrote a poem: The black gauze and white fan looks like an official, but it is half a ball of mud before it falls, and the makeup suddenly appears. Come and break, where is the heart and soul in your body?
In 1937, the Japanese invading army occupied Peiping. In order not to be exploited by the enemy, Qi Baishi insisted on staying behind closed doors and posted a notice at the door, writing: "If Chinese and foreign officials want to buy Baishi's paintings, they can use their representatives. There is no need to drive to the door in person. Officials never enter people's homes. Officials never enter people's homes. If you enter a private house, it will be unfavorable to the master. I would like to inform you that I will not accept you." Qi Baishi didn't think it was enough, so he drew another picture to express his feelings. The picture is very special. When people paint the sad greenery, they usually let it stand on a stone or a lotus path, peeping at the fish on the water. However, Qi Baishi was uncharacteristically not painting the sturgeon on the water, but painting the shrimp in the deep water, and He wrote an inscription on the painting: "Those who paint sad greenery must always draw fish. I only paint shrimps. If the shrimps don't float, what can I do about sad greenery?" As Pei Cui, the meaning is profound and thought-provoking.