Baishou Town, Yongfu County, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is about 9 kilometers south of Guilin City. There is a natural cave under Shouxing Mountain (also known as Gezu Mountain and Duihe Mountain), about 1 km northeast of the town. The cave is more than 1 meters high and 17 meters wide. It was called "Fuzi Rock" in ancient times and is now called "Baishou Rock". There are many ancient stone carvings in the rock, among which the largest stone carving "Hundred Days Map", known as "National Treasure", has long been famous at home and abroad, and has been listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in the autonomous region, and has been included in the book "China Dictionary of Places of Interest".
The "Hundred Days Picture" has been widely celebrated as a rare treasure since the Song Dynasty. Especially in the Southern Song Dynasty, the workshop specializing in rubbing and mounting the "1-year-old picture" lasted for a long time. The court dignitaries, scholarly families and ordinary people are proud of having a "hundred-year-old picture". Hanging it in the hall suddenly makes the door shine and guests compete to watch it! In ancient times, businessmen who traveled far or floated in the sea regarded the "longevity map" as a treasure to protect their safety!
According to legend, there was a Dansha well in front of Baishou Rock in ancient times, which was sweet and cool. There are often a pair of chubby children in vain, which is changed by the first bird essence in the Millennium. Liao Fu and his family who live here often eat this well water. Liao Shougao began to die in his 15 s, and hundreds of people in his family also lived a long life.
Later, a corrupt official heard about it, in an attempt to live forever. Also often eat this well water, and ordered people to dig up the "living first bird" to cook and eat it. Only to die! Danshajing also dried up and disappeared. Future generations will no longer need such a longevity prescription, and everyone will sigh for it. Therefore, someone once made a couplet in front of the Guanyin shrine in the rock:
Once upon a time, the story of the immortal was so good that the clear water and the sand were not found!
There are no immortals in Shouyan, but now I'm in the green hills and trees. I'm late!
In the second year of Shaoding in the Song Dynasty (A.D. 1229), Shi Wei, who was then the magistrate of Yongning County, felt this, and wrote this big birthday character on his birthday celebration day, and invited hundreds of elderly people in the county to write a small birthday character. He personally arranged and wrote it in the strokes of the big birthday character for years, and then hired famous craftsmen to engrave it on the stone wall in the rock, which became the "Hundred Birthdays Picture" today.
The "Hundred Days Picture" is 175cm high and 148cm wide. The strokes of the whole font are very compact and vigorous. It is in regular script but different from regular script. But more solemn, simple and mellow. Its hook is like a dew front, and its point is like a peach. It is neither open nor official calligraphy, but it looks like open calligraphy, official calligraphy and grass calligraphy. However, it is seamless, flawless and impeccable!
The 1 small birthday characters in the "1-year-old picture" have their own merits, different fonts and no similarities. Among them, Kai, Li, Zhuan, Xing, Cao, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, etc. are all-encompassing, and the style source is also indicated next to Xiaoshou. Among them, the dynasties are Shang Dingwen, Zhou Dingwen and Han Dingwen. According to geographical points (called country names in ancient times), there are Qili, Yanshu, Xixia Taishu and so on; In terms of fonts, there are Yi Zhuan, Gu Li, Gu Dou Jin Wen, Fei Bai Shu and so on. As far as calligraphers are concerned, there are Cheng Miao, Huai Su, Yu (Shinan), Cai (Xiang), Xiao Wang (Dedication) and Wang Xizhi's "Changing Goose Classic" style and so on. There are also words like tadpole, star, fire, tree, dragon, phoenix, treasure and so on. There are also corals, ivory, rhinoceros horn, pearls, bear's paw, jade laurel and so on in the "Jubaowen" with peach-shaped points, which are vivid and dazzling.
We can also see the profoundness and profundity of Chinese culture in the "1-year-old map", which is a testament to the absorption and compatibility of minority cultures, foreign cultures and religious cultures. The "Jade Emperor Astronomy" and "God Seal" in the picture are quite legendary. "Yaochi Baoyi", "Sili Buddhist Book" and "Western Brahma Book" have a strong Buddhist color. "Xixia Taishu" embodies the blending of Han culture and minority culture, while "Fei Zhang Fu", "Huang Ji Zhuan", "Qing Huang Jun Shu", "Xuan Li" and "Di Jun Yu Die" reveal the charm of Taoism. In the "Jubao Wen", corals, pearls and ivory can also vaguely see the historical track of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. In the inscription of "Hundred Days Picture", some unknown ancient calligraphers such as Xu Baigong, Xu Pope, Zheng Shangshu, Gao Jiaxian, Mrs. Qi and Mrs. Hua Kui can all be called famous calligraphers. Unfortunately, the sea of books is vast and the traces are hard to find. In particular, the female calligraphers in ancient China, except for a few names in the "Hundred Days Picture", are rarely seen at home and abroad.
excerpted from
longevity map of Lijiang Publishing House
Author: Liang Xicheng
Nothing is more important than "longevity". The world is big, and there is no wonder about it. However, it is also rare to occupy this "longevity and longevity". However, Yongfu people have taken all of this "blessing" and "longevity". "Blessing" is a calligraphy stone carving on the top of Fengshan in the county, and "longevity" is a famous "hundred-year-old map" at home and abroad.
the "longevity map" comes from the "Shouziyan" in Baishou Town, Yongfu County. Westbound along the Gui (Lin)-Rong (An) Highway, over a majestic mountain Jinzhu 'ao, along the winding and beautiful bank of the Longjiang River, and through Santailing, which turns around a hundred times, you suddenly see the green fields, the rivers, the green peaks and the bustling streets. This is the ancient city of Yongning Prefecture-the location of today's Baishou Town. On the bank of the Dongjiang River in the ancient city, a hill was inserted horizontally from the vast mountains, such as the Pentium black dragon, and suddenly stopped castration at the side of the road. The locals gave it an obscure name-Dui Heshan. The mountain is not very high, but it is magnificent, with rugged rocks, steep rocks and towering cliffs. Cycas sapiens on the mountain broke through the rocks, cascading lush and full of vitality. If it clears up after the rain, the green hills will be beautiful, and the clouds will be steaming and reflecting, which will be spectacular. In the northwest of this picturesque hill, kudzu vine is like a curtain, and caves are open-this is the "Shouzi Rock". There was a spring at the foot of the mountain, pure and moist, named Danshajing. Climb the stairs, but see Dan hanging to welcome guests, Dai Zhu is affectionate. Every mid-autumn season, the fragrance winds up and secretes people's hearts and lungs. A hundred steps away, and in a blink of an eye, there is a secluded place of Lingyan. The rock is more than three feet high, more than five feet wide and four feet deep. Legend has it that there was a dragon lying in the rock, and Pangu opened the sky, and there was a loud noise, which broke the dragon's dream, split the abode of fairies and immortals and flew away, leaving a "dragon bed". Probably the former residence of the dragon. The cave is secluded and dusty, and there is no heat in summer; The moss is moist, and the stalactites are beautiful. Whenever visitors come here, they feel relaxed and happy, and forget all their insults.
According to historical records, in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Taoist Ge Hongyun swam here and was intoxicated by the beautiful landscape of Zhong Ling. He took a rest in this cave, sucked the mountain spring every day, tempered the soul elixir at night, wrote a book and made a statement, and never returned for several years. So this mountain was called "Gezu Mountain", the spring water was called "Danshajing", the vine that hung like a curtain for climbing was called "Geteng", and this rock was called "Fuzi Rock".
There are many stone carvings in the rocks, including notes, biographies, inscriptions, poems and titles. Auspicious words, aphorisms, etc., are left by Zhu now and lived in dynasties. Famous is the word "Ningshou" written by Zhao Yuqian, a great calligrapher in the Yuan Dynasty, and the poem of Yu Dayou, the general commander of the Ming Dynasty, suppressing the peasant uprising of Zhuang nationality. Among many stone carvings, the word "Shou" carved by Shi Wei, a magistrate of a county in 1229 AD, is the most eye-catching. The word is 175 cm high and 145 cm wide, hanging on the top wall of the rock, with powerful brushwork and exquisite carving. It can be called a giant system carved in the Song Dynasty. In the strokes of the Chinese characters, there are 1 small birthday characters embedded, which means to live for more than 1 years. Xiaoshou's orthography, cursive script, official script and seal script are all different, and there are hundreds of words, and the source of style is indicated next to each word. The word "Shouzi" is too small and seamless, and its wonders are endless, which is really unique to the world. The day of the Eighth World Congress is "Hundred Days of Life".
There are several theories about the origin of the "longevity map".
firstly, it is said in "Bao Puzi" that "Liao Fudan's well, a few people eat delicious food and drink for a long time". "Yongning Prefecture Records" also has a record of clouds; "Liao Fuyongning people, according to legend, have a Dansha well, and those who drink this well are all over 1 years old." There are also records in "Geographical Records" and "Wide Records". These records all originated from a folk legend: in ancient times, build house, a family of Liao Fu, lived in front of the rock and drank water from Dansha well every day. All of them were pregnant and lived for more than 1 years, and Liao Fu himself was 158 years old, became an immortal and walked away. Feeling this legend, Shi Wei, a magistrate of a county, happily wrote the word "Birthday", searched the classics, extensively solicited quotations, and made a "Hundred Years' Life Map", which was only completed after years, and asked the craftsman Wang Yun to carve it in the rock.
Secondly, it is said that in the Southern Song Dynasty, the people in the east of ancient county (now Baishou Town) were repeatedly involved in lawsuits over farmland and water, and the official position could not be broken for decades. After Shi Wei, the magistrate of a county, took office, he led a bunch of officers to the village to find the old man to understand the situation. An old man arrived, about 5 years old, and asked about irrigation. The old man said, "I don't know about this, please ask my father." Shi Wei invited his father, who was about eighty years old, and asked about Tian Shui's lawsuit. He replied, "I don't know much about it, please hear about my father." Shi Wei hurriedly invited his father, and even the one with white hair was overdue. When asked about the cause of Tian Shui's lawsuit, the old man still answered. You have to ask my father about this. Surprised, Shi Wei asked, "Is there any respect for the old man?" The old man replied, "Of course." Shi Wei leads people to come to the door to urge them. Entering the triple thatched cottage, I saw an old man sitting in front of the hall, with a handsome face and a hair, over 4 years old. So Nishui's lawsuit was brought to an end. Afterwards, Shi Wei visited again, only to know that every family in the village had people over 1 years old, who worked hard and had food and clothing as usual. Shi Wei was greatly impressed, so he gathered local elders in Fuzi Rock to find out the secret of his longevity. * * * Xiang Fuze Township took catalpa, invited craftsmen to carve a "longevity map" in the rock.
thirdly, it is said that there was a magistrate named Gordon in the Song Dynasty, who was the most clever man and always wanted to be immortal. That year, the Lantern Festival was a beautiful book. Kochi Prefecture was watching the lights in front of the building and saw a pair of white, chubby, naked children playing in the crowd, with flashes looming on the top. Kochi Prefecture was very different, so he sent someone to arrest him and interrogate him. I sent people around to look for it, but I couldn't catch it, but I saw two blue flashes flying out of the east gate. Kochi Prefecture was busy with tracing and searching, but at the foot of Gezu Mountain across the river, those two flashes disappeared at the edge of Danshajing. The police hurried to report, and Gordon couldn't sleep all night. Thinking about it, I thought that the two white and fat children were transformed by the spirit in Danshajing. So early the next morning, I came to Danshajing with my men and ordered people to set up a water truck to dry the well water. At the bottom of the well, I saw a green slate. When I pried it open, I got a pair of Millennium Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, which was as thick as a wrist and was now human. Kochi was overjoyed, and when he returned to his office, he ordered the cook to wash the pots and stoves and steam them. I don't know that the cook is also a greedy person. He steamed Polygonum multiflorum, then secretly poured out the original soup and sent it to Kochi County with clean water. When the cook returned to steal the Polygonum multiflorum soup, he saw a wild cat stepping over the soup bowl, and all the Polygonum multiflorum soup was poured into the kitchen ash. Since Kochi Prefecture dug up Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, Jing Quan has dried up and suffered from famine for years. Kochi Prefecture failed to become an immortal, but lost their jobs. Later, Shi Wei succeeded Guxian County, and was deeply worried because of frequent disasters and restless places. I had a dream at night that a group of old men were crying and complaining to him. Shi Wei quickly asked him why, and the old people said, "We are a hundred centenarians in the local area. Because the former county magistrate Gordon dug up the Millennium spiritual root of Danshajing, it caused famine in all fields, and the people were unable to make a living, and the place was not at peace. Today, adults are specially invited to be masters of the country, to promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages, to strengthen the spiritual roots, to appease the local areas, and to benefit the township, then the people are lucky. " Shi Wei quickly asked what method could be used: the elders asked, "We would like to donate a small amount of money to make a picture of a hundred years of life, and ask adults to engrave it on the side of Dan Shajing, so that the place would be peaceful." Shi Wei woke up and studied the dream, that is, he sent people to four villages to search for it. Sure enough, he visited 1 elders, and everyone donated a birthday word, which was different. Shi Wei chose Yu Dan, a craftsman.
Although the above legends are different, one thing is the same, that is, the "longevity map" is still made by Shi Wei, a magistrate of a county, who collects the wisdom of all people. In the past 8 years, the "Hundred Days Map", as a rare treasure, is well known. Although the traffic in ancient times was extremely blocked, the dignitaries and ci poets in the past dynasties still competed for sightseeing. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, there have been workshops specializing in rubbing the "Hundred Days Picture" in all previous dynasties. Courtiers and dignitaries, scholars and officials, once they get a "hundred-year-old picture" and hang it in nave, it will suddenly be full of people and guests. Or those who are far away in business, or those who are floating in the sea, regard the "Hundred Days Map" as a treasure to protect their safety. According to legend, when Zheng He went to the Western Ocean in the Ming Dynasty, he was caught in a sudden storm and the oar broke and the mast broke. At a critical juncture, Russia saw an old man with a dragon bell on board, steadying the bow of the boat, and sailing forward despite the wind and waves. Zheng He urged the rest of the boat to follow him. Soon the sea was calm, and the old man suddenly searched for it. It turned out that the sailors on board had a picture of a hundred years' life, which everyone thought was a sign of a hundred years' life. "Yongning Zhou Zhi" contains a day: "Scholar-officials have expanded it with extraordinary methods, and recorded various lines, which can help Zhenjiang Lake to take risks of wind and waves, and there are many strange tests" and so on.
The "1-year-old map" has always been a good gift for people to celebrate their birthday. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the workshop of "Baishoutu" flourished for a long time. A "Baishoutu" with cinnabar rubbing can be worth "ten yuan in Long Yang, or five stones with white rice". During the Qianlong period, Yuan Guangwei, the year of Yongning, celebrated the birthday of his teacher, Shangshu, and once hired someone from 2 Long Yang to make a refined quilt, which was a "hundred-year-old picture" of flying gold. In the year of the Republic of China, when Chiang Kai-shek celebrated his 5th birthday, Huang Xuchu, the chairman of Guangxi Province, ordered someone to mount a picture of "Hundred Years of Life" as a birthday present for Chiang Kai-shek. It is said that this exquisite "centenary map" was later presented as a gift from the government to celebrate the birthday of Queen Elizabeth of England. Although the author has not studied this matter in detail, the influence of the "Hundred Days Map" overseas, especially in Japan, Southeast Asia and even Europe and America, is quite great. Many overseas Chinese regard the "1-year-old map" as a national cultural treasure and regard it as a family heirloom.
The reason why the "Hundred-year-old Map" has become a place of interest respected by the world lies in its unique artistic value. Song dynasty carving. The "1-year-old Picture" is a treasure in China's ancient calligraphy and rubbing rocks. The big longevity character of "1-year-old map" is a combination of four methods: positive, seal, official and official. Its structure is block letters, but the calligraphy is official seal. Its vertical goose head and dovetail fork of its hook are official, and its point is peach-shaped, which is actually official seal. The combination of the four methods is impeccable, unique and natural, and it is even more solemn, simple and mellow, and it is a rare masterpiece. One hundred little Shouyu, embedded in the strokes of the big birthday, are even more colorful. As far as the types of words are concerned. There are Gao Ding, Zhou Ding, Han Ding, Lu Zhuan, Yan Wen, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Jinwen and Tongshu. As far as calligraphers are concerned, there are Cheng Miao, Huai Suo, Yu (Shinan), Cai (Xiang), Xiao Wang (Dedication) and Wang Xizhi's "Changing Goose Classics", which almost cover all kinds of calligraphy styles of famous calligraphers in previous dynasties before the Song Dynasty. In a sense, the "1-year-old map" is also the evolution map of China's writing and calligraphy history, which can be regarded as a microcosm of the history of Chinese civilization.
"pictograph" is the earliest method of word formation unique to Chinese characters in China, and the legendary "Cangjie word formation" evolved from the original "circling" into characters. This can also be seen in the "1-year-old map", in which "fire" is like a burning flame, "tree" is like a vast forest, "phoenix" dances like Cai Feng, and "hydrology" twists and turns. There are also "Long Wen", "Xiang Zhuan", "Lion Wen", "Xing Dou Wen", "Ke Dou Wen", "Zhi Cao Wen", "Shi Wen", "Liu Wen" and "Ju Bao Wen", all of which have both form and spirit, and are ready to be seen, so that people can appreciate Chinese characters more while watching.
the development of national culture in China.