Author: Yuan
Mr. Lu Xun once exposed the inferiority of our nation with indignation: "There are very few heroes who have always failed in China, few warriors who dare to fight alone, and few followers who dare to appease traitors;" When you see victory, you will gather, and when you see defeat, you will flee. "
However, "rare" does not mean "nothing"-Cai Yong in the Three Kingdoms period was a "clothes hanger for crying traitors".
Cai Yong, whose real name is Bo Shu, is from Chenliu County. Among ordinary people, I'm afraid Cai Yong's fame is not as good as that of his daughter Cai Wenji, who cried and sang eighteen beats of Hu Jia. But he is a famous historian, writer, calligrapher, musician and private book collector in academic circles.
When Cai Yong was a teenager, he was well-read and knowledgeable. He is a teacher with a wide range of interests. He likes poetry, mathematics, astronomy and is good at melody. He was a neo-Confucian who taught students before the end of the Han Dynasty and enjoyed women later, and his reputation was no less than that of Ma Rong and Zheng Xuan. He was invited by Situ Qiaoxuan at that time to join the army and go to the DPRK to sort out and collate the classics. He also personally wrote a book on the tablet, carved it and stood outside imperial academy, providing a model for the society, namely the famous Xiping Shijing (Xiping is the year number of Emperor Han Ling, AD 172- 177). Since the monument was erected, tourists have visited it every day, with more than 1,000 vehicles, which crowded the streets and blocked the lanes. It can also be seen that the ancients advocated learning more than modern people.
But Cai Yong's integrity has become a thorn in the side of the ruling party. He was framed, imprisoned and exiled. The official party member still refused to let him go and sent assassins to assassinate him all the way. But the assassin was moved by Cai Yong's Gao Yi and refused to do it. Officials bribed local officials to harm him, but the briber admired Cai Yong and told him the plot instead. In order to escape the persecution of eunuchs, he fled to the southeast of Wu Hui and lived there for twelve years. It was there that he heard the sound of good wood from the crackling sound of farmers burning firewood, and made the famous Wei Jiaoqin in the history of music with Mei Tong rescued from the fire stove. Famous scholars such as RoyceWong, one of the "Seven Scholars of Jian 'an" in the late Han Dynasty, were all his students. Because he later became the commander-in-chief, he was later called "Cai Zhonglang".
Mr. Lu Xun once said that his thoughts were quite liberated, and now his articles such as Xie Chu Fu and Jian Yi Fu are enough to make people feel scared. It is delicious to say that "color is like lotus, muscle is like honey"; Second, "there is no wife in the world, and it will be born after a thousand years." So people .................................................................................................................................................... ......................, if it weren't for the word "escape" in the title, people would really think it was a pornographic article written by a lothario.
"Dragon City Story" said: Cai Yong is also a very good wine. Whenever neighbors treat each other with wine and food, they go there gladly. After drinking wine, they get as drunk as a fiddler, often lying on the side of the road, hence the nickname "Wine Dragon".
All along, the orthodox evaluation of Cai Yong is not very good. In the feudal society of China, if you are not stable and conform to the rules, your evaluation will not be very good. In the Northern Song Dynasty, people still described Cai Yong as a disloyal and unfilial person. There are many plays about Cai Yong in early operas. In Ming Dynasty, Xu Wei's first book describing Song Yuannan's ci was Zhao Zhennv and Cai Erlang, and it was noted that "the old man abandoned his parents and his wife and died for it" (from Qian Nanyang's Preface to Pipa).
Cai Yong was written as "Chen Shimei", and he went to Beijing to take the exam. (In the Han Dynasty, when he was an official, he adopted the recommendation system, which was called "filial piety" and there was no need for examinations. This can also prove that the dramatist is a man who talks nonsense and has been greedy for fame and fortune for many years. Zhao Wuniang, his wife, keeps up appearances at home. After the death of Cai's parents, Zhao Wuniang went all the way to find her husband, but Cai denied it and trampled on Wuniang. Finally, Cai died of lightning strike. Later, even Li, a prostitute in Peach Blossom Fan, sang a tune from Pipa to warn Hou Gongzi not to learn from Cai Zhonglang when she bid farewell to Hou Gongzi in Taoyedu, Nanjing.
So what happened to Cai Yong in history? According to the biography of Cai Yong in the Later Han Dynasty, Cai Yong was deeply filial, and his mother was ill. Cai Yong is waiting on his deathbed and often can't even sleep. When his mother died, he kept vigil in the building next to her grave, and his every move was in line with etiquette. He lived in a mansion with his uncle and cousin, and lived in harmony, regardless of family property for three generations. "The township party has a high sense of justice." It can be seen that he has a good personality. However, why will there be this rumor about him in later generations? -is also very simple, because Cai Yong himself and Dong Zhuo mixed together.
Cai Yong was not Dong Zhuo's cronies, but it happened that when Dong Zhuo suddenly died in the city, his cronies "fled in defeat", and the birds and animals were scattered, but they cried over the corpse. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms says that Wang Yun "ordered Cai Yong to be hanged in prison", which is not a historical fact. According to the Biography of Cai Yong in the later Han Dynasty, Cai Yong died in prison before being convicted. It seems to be suicide-a gentleman can be killed but not humiliated, otherwise, how could he "(the king) allow himself to regret it"!
Why is Cai Yong crying Dong Zhuo? The Biography of Cai Yong records that he was persecuted by the official party in the court of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty and was "punished" (his brother's hair was bare). He was shackled and exiled to the north with his family (the county is now Dengkou North of Inner Mongolia). After holding Chaogang, Dong attached great importance to Cai Yong and forced him to be an official. In fact, Cai Yong, an intellectual, likes to "live in seclusion, ponder over the past and pay no attention to the present", and he is even more afraid of avoiding the powerful forces of evil. As early as the Han Emperor, the eunuchs and others heard that Cai Yong was good at drumming, so they told the Han Emperor to call him to Beijing, ask Chen to leave the prefect and urge him to send him. Cai Yong had to leave, but when he arrived at Yanshi, he died of illness. But this time, the violent Dong Zhuo couldn't let him dodge: either he was recruited into the DPRK or he died. After all, Cai Yong didn't have the courage to make unnecessary sacrifices. So, he went to Beijing. In order to buy the hearts of scholars all over the world, Dong Zhuo really respected the world-famous Cai Yong. "Three days, three episodes of the weekly calendar", promoted to the third level, officially worshipped the left corps commander and sealed the Gaoyang township. Cai Yong also knew that Dong Zhuo was unpopular and tried to "escape from Shandong" many times, but ultimately failed.
How many times did Cai Yong cry because of Dong Zhuo's gratitude? The biggest weakness of intellectuals is that they are easy to get emotional. According to the later Han Dynasty, it is called "the feeling of passion, which cannot be forgotten in the world".
According to my conscience, Cai Yong is a good man, but a good man can't be appreciated by a good man. It happened that a bad guy like Dong Zhuo wanted to "see him". Such a tragedy happened to Cai Yong alone!
Cai Yong went to sacrifice Dong Zhuo in tears at this time, which shows that he is a loyal and good man. In history, of course, Wang Situ is also a good man, but good people just don't forgive good people!
Besides, not all good people are good, and not all bad people are bad. Dong Zhuo in history is not as disgusting and useless as written in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. As soon as he came to power, he reversed the dark situation of eunuch politics and rehabilitated Chen Fan and Dou Wu. Later, Cai Yong, Zheng Tai, He Yong and other incorruptible celebrities were employed one after another. The ancients said, "Don't cover a virtue with one evil", so we shouldn't cover a virtue with a hundred evils. Cai Yong doesn't know right and wrong, but he knows right and wrong too well. In his mind, one is affirmative and the other is negative, which is why he went to cry for Dong Zhuo, who was shouted by everyone.
In a sense, Cai Yong's courage is admirable, and Sima Qian used it to speak for Li Ling. According to historical records, it is common to cry for corpses in the Han Dynasty. For example, Tian Chou cried Liu Yu under the knife edge of Gongsun Zan, and followed Cao Cao to cry Yuan Shang; Yuan Gu's old officials also cried and offered sacrifices to Yuan Tan and others. At that time, there was no law to punish the crime. I'm afraid the punishment for "crying traitor" was aggravated later, and it was finally regarded as a "traitor". As a result, there are fewer and fewer "diners", and the world can't understand Cai Yong more and more.
Lu Fangweng has a poem to express it:
Zhaojiazhuang, an ancient willow in Xie Yang,
Zheng Zuochang, a blind man with a negative drum.
Who is in charge behind you,
Mancun heard about Cai Zhonglang.
Cai Yong has no son behind him, only one daughter. I, Cai Yan, am Wenxi, a famous talented woman in the history of China. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty said that she was "knowledgeable, eloquent and fickle." However, it seems that she can't escape the fate of an unlucky jealous little woman. This Cai Wenji is doomed to failure. First I married Wei Zhongdao in Hedong, but soon I became a widow. Because he didn't give birth to a son for the Wei family, he relaxed and went home to visit his relatives. However, during the Xingping period, the world was in chaos, and it was abducted by the Huns and dedicated to the South Xiongnu. He lived in Alakazam for twelve years and gave birth to two sons. Later, Cao Cao took charge. Cao Cao had an old friendship with Cai Yong in Beijing, and regretted that Cai Yong had no children, so he sent an envoy to the Xiongnu, redeemed Cai Wenji with gold and silver, and remarried her to Dong Si of Tuntian. Cai Wenji later wrote more than 400 dictation books from the 4,000 books destroyed by Cai Yong with superhuman memory. "This article can't be mistaken." Chatting with Cai Yong under the spring is gratifying. Who says women are inferior to men?