The story of the war of words between Zhuge Liang and Confucianism is 1 Zhuge Liang (18 1-234), whose name is Wolong (also called), Han nationality, Yang Du native, Xuzhou (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), prime minister of Shu and Han in the Three Kingdoms period, outstanding politician, strategist and San. When he was alive, he was named Hou of Wuxiang. After his death, he pursued loyalty to the marquis of Wuxiang. Because of its military ability, the Eastern Jin regime was posthumously named King Wu Xing. Representative prose works include An Example and A Book of Commandments. He once invented the wooden ox, the flying horse, the Kongming lantern and so on, and transformed the crossbow, called Zhuge Lian crossbow, which can hit all targets with one crossbow. In the twelfth year (234), Yu Jianxing died in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan, Baoji). He was chased as a loyal minister, so later generations often regarded Zhuge Liang as the marquis of Wu and Zhuge Wuhou. Zhuge Liang did his best and died. He is a representative of loyal officials and wise men in China traditional culture.
Story version 1:
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao seized the emperor to make the princes, and most of the more powerful warlords were wiped out by him. Only Liu Bei and Sun Quan have the possibility of development and expansion, and Cao Cao knows that it is still difficult to annex these two forces at once. So Cao Cao sent people to Soochow with letters, trying to join hands with Sun Quan to destroy Liu Bei. Most of Sun Quan's advisers advocated Cao Cao's self-protection, and only Lu Su advocated Liu Kang Cao. However, Lu Su knew that it was difficult to convince Sun Quan and the civil servants in Soochow, and specially invited Zhuge Liang to be a lobbyist. Lu Su introduced Zhuge Liang to a group of counselors in Wu Dong. These people are not ordinary people, but they are all learned people. Zhang Zhao, the first counselor of Wudong, first made a fuss, saying: I heard that Liu Bei visited your home three times before inviting you out of the mountain, thinking that having you would be like fishing in troubled waters and trying to seize the nine counties of Jingxiang as the base. But Jing Xiang has been got by Cao Cao. What do you think? Zhuge Liang thought that if Zhang Zhao was not stumped first, there would be no way to convince Sun Quanlian and Liu Kangcao. Zhuge Liang said: Liu Bei took Jingxiang's territory easily, but he didn't want to seize the inheritance of the same clan. Cao Cao took advantage of it. Now we are stationed in Jiangxia, and there are other grand plans. How do idle people know this? In matters of state affairs and social security, people with real talents and practical knowledge should come up with good ideas. The speaker, sitting and talking, can't figure out a way when he meets something, but he can only be laughed at by the whole world. In a word, Mr. Zhang was speechless.
Later, a counselor asked: Cao Cao stationed millions of troops and will list thousands of people. You say you're not afraid, you brag. Zhuge Liang replied: Liu Bei retreated to Xiakou and waited for an opportunity, but the soldiers had enough food and grass, and the Yangtze River had natural dangers to defend, but it was your shame to persuade Sun Quan to surrender to Cao. The counselors of Soochow challenged Zhuge Liang one by one, as many as seven, and Zhuge Liang refuted them.
Zhuge Liang's anti-Confucianism argument is actually a prelude for Zhuge Liang to persuade Sun Quan to confront Cao Cao. At that time, in Wu Dong's camp, there were two factions, namely capitulationists and hawks. The representatives of the capitulators are Zhang Zhao, Gu Yong, Yu Fan, Bu Zhi and Xue Zong. It is impossible to convince Sun Quan, the marquis of Wu, without persuading a group of civil servants and advisers who spread Cao Cao's threat theory and Cao Bing's invincible theory in Sun Quan's ear all day and clamored for surrender. But it is not easy to convince these knowledgeable people! See how Zhuge Liang won the debate step by step!
The first round: Zhao was from the end of Jiangdong, and Mr. Jiuwen was in charge of himself. Music. What is the fruit of this language? Kong Ming said: This is a great achievement in life.
The second round: Zhao Yue: Recently, I heard that Mr. Liu Yuzhou was in the cottage. Fortunately, Mr. Liu thinks he is like a duck to water and wants to sweep Jingxiang. If you belong to Cao Cao today, what do you think?
If so, Mr. Wang's words and deeds are also the opposite. Mr. Wang compared himself with Guan, enjoying himself, Guan Zhong loved Huan Gong, unified the princes, and ruled the country and the world; Guanzhong, Le Yi, really? If you are stupid and straightforward, don't take it amiss!
Story version 2:
In the 43rd chapter of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang talks about anti-Confucianism, and Lu Zi respects people's opinions. Let's talk about the story of Zhuge Liang's anti-Confucianism: The prelude to Battle of Red Cliffs, the millions of heroes of Cao Cao Group are rich in funds, and they want to hunt Jiangdong with Sun Quan. It was Liu Bei who hunted, really in Jiangdong. Liu Bei is a typical entrepreneur. He just got Zhuge Liang. With a good team, he should do a lot. But he abandoned Xinye, went to Fancheng, lost in the sunshine, ran to Xiakou, had no place to live, and even lost his wife. If Liu Biao's son, Liu Qi, hadn't taken him in, he would have been able to operate temporarily, otherwise I'm afraid he would have declared bankruptcy. Now it is being hunted down by Cao Cao Group, and the newly-started small enterprises are in danger.
Cao Cao Group broke Yuan Shao and took Liu Cong. According to Jingzhou, Xiangyang is unstoppable.
Wu Dong is a typical family business, which has developed to a considerable scale after three generations, and Sun Quan is a loyal entrepreneur. Now Wu Dong has been acquired by Cao Cao, a financial expert in mergers and acquisitions. Sun Shi & Sons Company has limited funds on hand, so there is not much room for negotiation. Liu Bei's only way out is to cooperate with Sun Quan in opposing Cao Cao's annexation. Zhuge Liang said: "Cao Cao is strong and difficult to reach his opponent." It is better to vote for Dongwu Sun Quan as a support. " . If the north and the south are deadlocked, we will benefit from the middle. Why not? However, because the employees of Sun's Group are selfish, now the enemy only cares about himself and completely ignores Sun Quan's interests. So Zhuge Liang and Lu Su consulted with Sun Quan.
Before Kong Ming met Sun Quan, Lu Su had analyzed Sun Quan's situation and told Sun Quan clearly that if your company was annexed by Cao Cao, you would have to work for Cao Cao in the future. At most, he is just a senior wage earner, doing nothing. Now you are the boss and have your own business. General managers can have such jobs even when they arrive at Cao Cao, and their quality of life has not changed. So they are not very active to Cao. Su Su said, General, do you want to go home safely? You can't ride a car, you can't ride a horse, and you've never been a man, so you can't be lonely in the south! This sentence deeply touched Sun Quan.
In order to increase the odds, Sun Quan also knew to cooperate with Liu Bei. In order to increase their bargaining chips, Zhuge Liang's Ma Su and Sun Quan specially arranged a group of negotiators from Sun Group to confront Zhuge Liang head-on. The war of words between Zhuge Liang and Confucianism kicked off. At the beginning, a group of more than 20 civil and military personnel, including Zhang Zhao, Gu Yong and Emei Dai Bo, sat up in full dress. Have the upper hand in the negotiation. Zhang Zhao deliberately made things difficult for Zhuge Liang, tried his best to dig the sore spot of Zhuge Liang and criticized Zhuge Liang for nothing. Zhang Zhao is Sun Quan's number one adviser. If you don't refute him, Zhuge Liang will not achieve his goal this time.
But Zhuge Liang listened, but he smiled dumbly and said, Wan Li flies high. Can the bird know his ambition? How do you understand Liu Huangshu's Wan Li ambition? There is a plan to establish a national plan to protect national security. Non-discussion, false name deception: no one can sit down and talk; It's no use improvising. Sincerely smile at the world! When these words were said, Mr. Zhang was speechless. Suddenly reversed the whole negotiation. Then Zhuge Liang explained one by one from Liu Bei's capital (armament) that it could not be right, because he wanted Sun Quan's intention, Bu Zhi was silent, and Xue Zong was ashamed of the monarch's righteousness. He couldn't answer Liu Bei's personal background, which made his achievements speechless, and he bowed his head and was frustrated because of his personal academic school, but he couldn't make Cheng Deshu wrong because of his knowledge. All the negotiators turned pale when they saw Kong Ming's answer. Zhuge Liang took the situation to the extreme step by step, and finally fought Confucianism and won a great victory. Later, Sun Quan vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, cooperated with Liu Bei, and defeated Cao Cao in Chibi.
Historical evaluation of Zhuge Liang;
Chen shou: Zhuge Liang is also the prime minister, comforting the people, showing etiquette, appointing officials, taking power from the system, being sincere and fair; Although those who are loyal to the times will get revenge, those who violate the law and neglect their duties will be punished by their relatives, those who confess their feelings will be released, and those who are eloquent will be slaughtered. Good without reward, evil without fiber without degeneration; Ordinary things are concise, based on physics, with real responsibility for fame and fortune, hypocrisy and contempt; Finally, people who are afraid and love each other in the national territory, although the criminal law is harsh and there is no complaint, are trying to persuade them clearly. It can be said that he is a talented person who knows how to govern the country, and he is a horse of Xiao. But after years of mobilization, it still failed, and the cover strain will be slightly, which is not its strength!
Zhun Yuan: The law is strict, but the people of China are happy about it, and they do their best without complaint. Its soldiers come and go like guests. They don't fight or hunt, just like in the country. Its use of troops is also like a mountain, advancing and retreating like the wind. On the day when the soldiers came out, the world shook, but people were not worried. For decades after Liang's death, China people have been singing and thinking, such as the thinking of the Zhou Dynasty, and Confucius' peace can also make Zhuge Liang in the south think.
Si Mahui: Confucian scholars and ordinary people, do they know current events? People who know the times care about Jie Jun. There are Wolong and Feng Chu.
Liu Bei: There is Kong Ming in solitude and water in fish.
Sun Quan: The Prime Minister was given a legacy, and the country and the people were punished. Although Yi Yin was above the emperor, the Duke of Zhou was above the Four Tables. Prime Minister Zhuge, who is far away from home, is attached to the old country with his wings, and he believes in Yin and Yang, sincerely moves heaven and earth, and has repeatedly vowed to make things salty for the people.
Meng Huo: Gong, Tianwei also, southerners are no longer rebellious.
Jia Xu: Zhuge Liang is good at governing the country.
Ye Liu: Zhuge Liang is good at dealing with people.
Yang Hong: Zhuge Liang can make full use of his time and people.
Ma Liang: Your brother should praise the world in time, and his career is glorious, far away. It is appropriate to change her husband's consideration with elegance, judge her own value with clarity, and be simple with talent. If it is the harmony between light and distance, it is the world of virtue, which makes time close to hearing, the world conform to the Tao, the sound of harmony is high, the sound of righteousness is positive, and it is beneficial to things. The two have nothing to do. This is the harmony between strings and teeth.
Zhang: Public rewards are far away, punishment is not near, nobles get something for nothing, and punishment is inevitable. The reason why this sage and fool forgot his body is also.
Sima Yi: The first genius in the world! Think more, not less. Bright is ambitious, but you don't see opportunities. You plan more, but decide less. You are a good soldier and have no right. Although you raised hundreds of soldiers, you fell into my painting, and the painting was broken.
Yang Opera: Loyal to Wu, contribute to the riverside, climb Wu, and endow me with the true world. He was left behind by Ah Heng, who improved his martial arts prose, taught Chen Dejiao, changed his ways in charge, and was wise and foolish, and got carried away. After four generations of exile in Youzhou, he repeatedly came to the imperial court of the enemy country, showing his power and learning from a big country, and hated it.
Long: Kuang Liangde, Fan Yuanjin, Ji Yourong.
Liu Chan: Only your body has been endowed with the skills of both civil and military skills, and you are clear and sincere. You have been entrusted to an orphan, and you have been helped by me. After that, there will never be prosperity, peace and chaos; Therefore, the Sixth Division has been reorganized and impressed, and Weizhen has been barren, and will make great contributions to Iraq and Zhou Zhirong. Why don't you hang up? Things are going to be awkward. You're dying! I am heartbroken and heartbroken. Fu Chongde made meritorious deeds, and Ji was born in posthumous title, so he will shine brilliantly in the future and make an immortal publication. Today, the general army is specially ordered to present the seal of the Prime Minister, and you are named the loyal minister Wu Hou. The soul has a spirit, and Jiazi is glorious. Alas! Alas!
Sima Yan: Fortunately, this person helped me, so I don't have to go to work today!
Changqu: Governing the country with courtesy for the people, no complaints, no abuse of lynching, no tears.
Wang Tong: Zhuge Liang will not die, and the rites and music will flourish.
Wang Bo: So Zhuge was in the army. He made plans for commanders. He was trained in the army. When he rented a left-handed car, he took a strange list of fields. Cao Cao hung thousands of soldiers and walked at night for 300. The axle load does not continue, and unity does not smell, but the birds also surrender without a fight? Sitting in a crowd of100000 people, there is no goal. What is the difference between driving dogs and sheep and shooting tigers? So I know that the strain will be slightly, and I am not the director of Wuhou.
Du Mu
Sun Qiao: Wu Hou died nearly 500 years ago. Until now, the songs and behaviors of Han Liang people are still very strong, and they have loved the people for a long time.
Shangqi: Let official books and temples eat food, and it will become an unpublished canon. Every time there is a popular grass movement in Yamanouchi, it looks like a powerful god. In the old days, if there was a drought, the people of the whole country could pray for rain for the clouds, which means that survival and no one are well-being, life and death are both ancient and modern. Death and immortality are more expensive than life.
Reuben: If you haven't collected great honors, God will seize their souls. Sincerely unforgettable, the ice is in the sun and the moon, and the ferocity does not come away. It turned into a thunderstorm.
Where to go: Kong Ming has the ambition to make contributions, and the amount of reactive power; There is beauty, but yuan uses wisdom. Therefore, it is urgent to move many people to make contributions through hard work. Every time you fail, you are exhausted. If this Kong Ming is lost, he will use Shu.
Su Shi: Dense as ghosts and gods, swift as thunder. It's impossible to get in and get back. Don't attack by day, don't attack at night. Too many can't be enemies, and too few can't be bullied. Before and after the meeting, command all localities. Move the nature of the five elements and change the order of the four seasons. People also? God also? Ya Xian? I don't know, really Wolong also!
Hong Mai: There are thousands of people in Zhu Gekongming, and the soldiers are divided into two ways, all by virtue and restraint. For three generations, nothing.
Chen Liang: Confucius governs Shu, and Wang also governs Shu. Yizhou disciple Kong Ming.
Chen: Wolong Detu Wang. The northern expedition went south, and Weibin Lushui. It's hard to deal with two dynasties. The star fell into the army, and the hero was gone.
Emperor Kangxi: Zhuge Liangyun: Do your best until you die. Only Zhuge Liang can be such a minister.
? Emperor: Zhu Gekongming is a first-rate figure under three generations. About his life, it is also called "public loyalty". Public without me, loyalty without me, self without me, and then the ambition is clear and the economy is reasonable.
Zeng Guofan: Gong is both a prime minister and a marshal. Everything in the palace and camp is comprehensive. For example, Guo, Fei and Dong are in charge of the palace and camp, which almost refers to those who stay in Chengdu. In government affairs, the office is autonomous, and all departments are subordinate to the government and make their own decisions in the army.
Wang Weixin: A peerless scholar, the third generation, the first person since Han Dynasty.
Sun Yat-sen: Zhuge Liang is very talented, so he can establish a good government in western Shu, and he can make a northern expedition from six places in Qishan, and he can compete with Wu and Wei.
Qian Mu: A Zhuge, let the Three Kingdoms shine on future generations, just like the Han Dynasty.
The story of Zhuge Liang's debate with Confucianism 2 Jian 'an 13. Sun Quan saw that Cao Cao's army was gradually advancing southward and its power was growing stronger, so he wanted to unite with Liu Bei to defeat Cao Cao. So he sent Lu Su, a counselor, to meet Liu Bei in Jiangxia with a gift.
Lu Su's purpose had long been guessed. Kong wanted to jointly deal with Cao Cao, so he accepted Lu Su's invitation and crossed the river to see Sun Quan. On the boat to Jiangdong, Lu Su said to Kong Ming, "When you meet General Sun, don't scare him with Cao Cao's words." Kong Ming reassured Lu Su that he would take care of it. At this time, Sun Quan has received a letter from Cao Cao about his * * * attack on Liu Bei, and is calling civil and military officials to discuss. Zhang Zhao and other civil servants advocated surrendering to Cao Cao, and all the advisers echoed his opinion, but Sun Quan still hesitated.
Sun Quan asked Lu Su for advice in the backyard. Lu Su said: "Those people's opinions are all because they are afraid of death. Don't listen to them! I have invited Zhuge Liang to come here, and your master will know the truth about Cao Cao as long as he asks. "
The next day, Lu Su invited Kong Ming to the hall. Knowing that Kong Ming had come to persuade Sun Quan, Zhang Zhao teased him with words: "I heard that Liu Bei visited Mr. Cao in the thatched cottage three times, and when invited, he said that he was like a duck to water, but now Jingzhou and Xiangyang have become Cao Cao's territory. I wonder how Mr. Liu planned it? "
Kong Ming thought that this Zhang Zhao was Sun Quan's first counselor. How can I convince Sun Quan if I don't refute him first? So he said calmly, "In my opinion, taking Jingzhou and Xiangyang is a piece of cake, but Liu Huangshu is a benevolent person and can't bear to take the position of Liu Biao."
Zhang Zhao said: "With your help, Liu Bei can conquer the East and the West, and seize the country and occupy the county;" After you helped me, I was slightly hit by Cao Cao, ran away, lost Xinye and Fancheng, and was beaten in Dangyang County. Finally, I fled to Xiakou and lived in the fence, leaving no room for my husband. Isn't this worse than before? "
Hearing this, Kong Ming said with a smile, "How do ordinary birds know the ambition of Wan Li's great Pengfei? After Runa fell, Liu Huangshu took refuge in Liu Biao, with only one thousand soldiers, only three generals, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun. Moreover, Xinye is a remote small county with few people and food and weak walls. It was in this situation that Xia Houdun was burned and Coss was submerged, which frightened them. Isn't this a lie? Besides, being outnumbered, winning or losing is a common occurrence for military strategists. In the past, Emperor Gaozu was defeated by Xiang Yu many times, but in the end, the next battle was successful and Xiang Yu was destroyed. Isn't this the trick of Han Xin? And Han Xin didn't always win when he followed Gaozu. There is a general arrangement for the country's policies and operational arrangements, which those who scare people by fame and status can't understand. This kind of person talks big, no one is as good as him; But once he is told to deal with things, he has no skill and can only attract the ridicule of the whole world! "
Kong Ming's remarks made Zhang Zhao unable to answer a word. At this time, Yu Fan, a counselor of the State of Wu, sneered: "Liu Bei was defeated in Dangyang County, and now he is trapped in Xiakou. He has no choice but to ask for help Mr. Wang also said that Cao Cao had nothing to be afraid of. This is really a big story and a lie! " Zhuge Liang said, "There are only a few thousand soldiers in Liu Huangshu. How can it stop millions of savage enemies? Retreating to the gorge is waiting for a good opportunity. Now the soldiers in Jiangdong have no worries about food and clothing, and the Yangtze River has natural hazards, but some people are not afraid of being laughed at and are bent on making their master kneel down to Cao Cao. In contrast, Liu Huangshu is really a hero who is not afraid of Cao Cao! " After hearing this, I blushed and was speechless. Counselors also bowed their heads in shame.
Just then, Huang Gai, a general of Soochow, burst into the hall and shouted, "Cao Cao's army is approaching the border. Everyone doesn't want to deal with the enemy, but they bicker here! " He also said to Kong Ming, "Mr. Wang is a genius of the times, so there is no need to argue with these people. Tell our general Sun your opinion. " So Lu Su and Huang Gai took Zhuge Liang and went to see Sun Quan together. Seeing that Sun Quan was distinguished, Kong Ming knew that he could only provoke with irony. Kong Ming said that there were more than 1.5 million Cao soldiers and one or two thousand general counselors. Sun Quan asked Kong Ming what to do, and Kong Ming said, "Please consider your own strength, or surrender." Sun Quan asked Kong Ming why Liu Bei didn't surrender. Kong Ming said that Liu Bei was an uncle and a contemporary hero. Even if he was unlucky, he would not surrender to Cao Cao. Sun Quan thought Zhuge Liang meant that he was inferior to Liu Bei, so he angrily walked into the backyard.
Lu Su blamed Zhuge Liang and said, "You underestimate our master." Zhuge Liang laughed and said, "I didn't expect General Sun to be so modest. I have my own plan to break Cao Cao. If he doesn't ask me, why should I say? "
Lu Su went to the backyard to see Sun Quan. Sun Quan said to Lu Su, "Kong Ming looks down on me too much!" Lu Su said, "I reproached Kongming so much, but he laughed at his master's inferiority. Kong Ming doesn't want to talk casually about the plan to break Cao Cao. Will your master ask him himself? " Hearing this, Sun Quan immediately lost his temper and said happily, "It turns out that Kong Ming had long planned to break Cao Cao, and he deliberately provoked me with words." Sun Quan invited Zhuge Liang to host a wine reception in the backyard. People continue to talk about it. Kong Ming analyzed the weakness and the truth of Sun and Bao Cao. Sun Quan was so happy that he immediately decided to unite with Liu Bei to resist Cao Cao.