politics
Yang Wanli is a patriot and a politician. He advocated the war of resistance and opposed kneeling for peace. In many "books", "strategies" and "miscellaneous things" written by the emperor, he lamented Chen Jiazhi's illness many times and tried his best to eliminate the mistake of surrender. His patriotism was beyond words. In the face of the ruin of the Central Plains and the fact that only half of the country is left, he pointed out: "As a country under the sun, one cannot but forget the enemy, and the worries of the world are even worse!" (A Thousand Strategies on National Conditions) warns rulers to always remember that only by preparing, seeking and defending the enemy can they win. He not only boldly criticized Xiaozong's defeat after his departure, "the courage of the day before yesterday became timid, and the sharpness of the day before yesterday became dull" (ibid., Jundao), but also resolutely opposed some people's active and prudent strategy of "keeping and taking it" ("Ask Chen Ying for a book"), striving for progress steadily, consolidating national strength first, and then recovering their strength in order to win the final victory. He attached importance to and sympathized with the people, saying, "The people are the fate of the country and the enemy of officials." Linking the fate of the country with the people, criticizing officials will only crush the people and arouse their hatred, anger and resistance. Therefore, he reminded Guangzong to save money, accumulate wealth, win the hearts of the people, make the people rich, and then make the country peaceful and rejuvenate. This is the plan (Zhuanzi). Yang Wanli is a straightforward person with a fresh personality. Xiaozong dismissed him as "not in the law", while Guangzong called him "also full of temperament" (Volume 4 of Helu).
He was upright in the court, daring to speak out when something happened, criticizing the current abuses and being reckless, so he was never of great use. Throughout his life, he regarded the official wealth as our exhibition and spurned it anytime and anywhere. When I was doing Beijing Palace, I prepared to go home from Hangzhou in advance, locked it in a box and hid it in my bedroom. My family was not allowed to keep things, so as not to leave my job and go back to my hometown with my luggage, so I had to "publicize it every day". This is in stark contrast to those who struggle for promotion and suffer from loss. Yang Wanli is an honest official, not disturbing the people, not greedy for money and things. When the Jiangdong transshipment agreement expires, he should still have more than 10 thousand yuan. He left it all in the official library and came back penniless. Retreat above Nanxi, in the area of my old house, just to avoid the wind and rain. At that time, the poet Ji Xu praised him as "clear as water, poor with gold" ("Vote for Yang Chengzhai"), which is a true portrayal of his poor life.
poetic sentiment
Yang Wanli's poems had a great influence at that time: "Who is the master in today's poetry world, Cheng Zhai's poetry method is being implemented." (Jiang Teli's "Xie Yangcheng Zhai President's Sentence") "The four seas become Zhai to dominate the poetry world." (Xiang Anshi's "Two Poems of Pan Yang with Rhyme")
Yang Wanli learned extensively from his predecessors, but he never stood still, but was determined to surpass him. He said, "I didn't know there were predecessors in the pen." He added: "I am ashamed of tradition, and the writers have their own affairs." Huang (Tingjian) and Chen (Shidao) rested under the fence, and Tao Yuanming and Xie (Lingyun) by going up one flight of stairs left. " (Postscript Xu Long's Poems) It is with this pioneering and innovative spirit that he refused to lean on people's backs and followed suit, and finally "took off all his fur and expressed his thoughts alone" (Wu Zhizhen and Wu's Song Poetry), instead of turning all the way, becoming a unique poetic style. The beginners of Jiangxi Poetry School focus on the rhythm of words. After the age of 50, the style of poetry has changed, from imitating predecessors to imitating nature, creating his unique "sincere style" Chengzhai pays attention to the so-called "living method", that is, he is good at capturing fleeting interests and expressing them in humorous and simple language. For example, "Ba Fengbo": "Fengbo advised you to have a glass of wine, why bother to play a bad drama and shock poetry!" It fully embodies the characteristics of Chengzhai style.
Yang Wanli's poetry works are eclectic and varied, ranging from the heroic momentum of "returning a thousand troops to the Three Gorges, penetrating the heavenly heart and the moon cave" to the "graceful posture, describing people's feelings, and then describing details, and wonderful music" (Postscript of Yang Tingxiu's Stone Man Peak by Zhou Bida). His "truth rate" poems are novel, strange, vivid, lively and humorous. Especially in Liu Kezhuang's Preface to Jiangxi Poetry School and Liu Qi's Gui Juan Ba, they are full of praise for their "flowing beauty". Take a nap in early summer, for example: "Plum teeth are sore, and bananas divide the screens. I slept for a long time and thought mercilessly, watching children catch willow branches. " It is very emotional and called "outside the heart" (Volume 4 of He Lu). Another example is playing with a pen, playing with fire, going to the seaside to watch, and playing with the moon in summer nights, all of which are ingenious, thoughtful and have a strong artistic appeal. Yang Wanli paid great attention to the advantages of learning folk songs and absorbed many lively poems of colloquial people. He often "pretends proverbs and enters from the mouth" (Jiang Hongxiang's Tang poems), thus forming a popular, simple, natural and vivid language feature.
Yangwanli calligraphy
Yang Wanli left a lot of poems to express his patriotic feelings and worries of the times. When he was the companion of Ambassador He of Jin State, he witnessed the great rivers and mountains of Song Dynasty and the Chinese people who perished in Jin State with his own eyes, and his heart was full of great shame and sorrow for the country's subjugation, so his patriotic poetry creation was the most concentrated and intense. For example, the famous quatrains on the fourth day of the Huaihe River: "The ship is far from Hongze Beach, and people are not happy to go to the Huaihe River. Why do you say that the frontier boundary is calculated by distant rivers, and the boundary north of Huaihe River is the end of the day! (1) "It's hard to talk with the waves when ships on both sides of the strait go against the tide. Only the gull warbler is free, flying from the north to the south "(3) sang the sympathy of patriots and the broad masses of the people in the disaster. For another example, when he saw that the Golden Hill Tunhaige had become a special place to make tea for the gold ambassador, he uttered a cry of pain: "The great river is a shame to others! The sadness of Jinshan section to others! " (Snow Ji Xiao Deng Jinshan) lashed the humiliation and incompetence of the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty. In addition, such as The First Mountain in the Southeast of the Fetal Army, The Crime of Remembering You, Poems of Zhang Weigong, Shao Shi, Su Mu Niu and Qin Ting, etc. , or reposing the thoughts of home and country, or calling for the resumption of the Anti-Japanese War, or praising the generals who resisted gold, or satirizing traitors and traitors, are all masterpieces that directly express patriotic thoughts. Most of Yang Wanli's patriotic poems are not as bold and straightforward as Lu You's, but they suppress the pride in his chest and condense thousands of layers of molten pulp underground, and most of them are written in a deep and gloomy way. For example, "Crossing the Yangtze River": "Bring a bottle to draw water from the heart of the river, and try to make tea first." On the surface, it seems to be the pleasure of drinking water and frying tea by yourself, but in fact it contains deep and painful feelings of shame and indignation, which must be appreciated by climbing Jinshan with reference to snow and fog. Yang Wanli once said: "whoever talks about swallowing a moon meal is a guest. When there is trouble in it, it leads to the main heart." Many of his lyric works about scenery and mountains and moons are also poems about patriotic feelings. For example, two poems on the Zhang Yu River on the night of September 15, a close look at the two quatrains that lack Guangxi University in the north and Maonan nationality in the south, without the help of the ancients, the quatrains of drinking fruit under the moon and jathyapple in Zaowan are full of twists and turns, which are meaningful and contain deep depression and resentment for the country's ruin and the failure of the Central Plains. In his later years, he had a painful self-narrative in Reading Poems at Night: "Two windows and two horizontal volumes, one reading and one touching; Only in the middle of the night is it known to the eternal heart. " The profound meaning contained in his poems is worthy of careful chewing by future generations. "If my fingers don't touch mud, my hair cone will be proud?" Yang didn't pretend to be a scholar-bureaucrat. He loved the countryside all his life, sympathized with the peasants and wrote many poems reflecting their lives. Such as Compassion for Peasants, Peasants' Sigh, Autumn Rain Sigh, Compassion for Drought, Dubaisha Bamboo School Song, Song of Four Seasons Dancing and Song of Transplanting, all of which have high ideological and artistic quality.
essay
There are also many excellent works in Yang Wanli's prose. He is good at writing and learning from Liu Han (Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan). Its dense chestnut is deep and elegant, especially like Liu Zongyuan. Friends admire Yang Wanli for this, and he thinks so. [ 1]