Qi Jiguang, a famous general of the Ming Dynasty, a national hero and a military strategist. The courtesy name was Yuanjing, his nickname was Nantang, and his later nickname was Mengzhu. His ancestral home was Weihui, Henan. He later moved to Dingyuan (now Anhui) and then to Dengzhou (now Penglai), Shandong. He was born in Luqiao (now southeast of Jining, Shandong) on ??the first day of the tenth month in the seventh year of Jiajing (November 12, 1528). Born as a general, he liked to read military books since childhood, practiced martial arts diligently, and determined to serve the country. At the age of 17, he inherited his father's position and served as the commander of the Dengzhou Guard. In the twenty-fifth year, he was in charge of farming. Starting from the 27th year, he led the soldiers of the guard station to guard Jimen (today's northwest of Changping, Beijing) for five consecutive years. He returned in the spring and autumn. In October of the 28th year, the Chinese martial arts examination was held. In the 29th year, he went to the capital (today's Beijing) for a military examination. At that time, the leader of the Mongolian right-wing Tumote tribe, Anda, led his army to threaten the capital. He went to Chen to guard the imperial strategy and was temporarily appointed as the general flag board to oversee the defense of the nine gates of the capital. In the 32nd year, he was actually assigned to command the Qianshi. He led the soldiers and horses of the 24th Guards Station of the three battalions of Dengzhou, Wendeng and Jimo in Shandong to train the navy, reorganize the armaments and fight against the Japanese pirates who invaded the coast of Shandong. He wrote a poem to express his ambition: "It is not my intention to be a marquis, but I hope the sea will be peaceful" ("Zhi Zhitang Collection"). In July of the 34th year, he was transferred to Si Qianshu, the commander of the Zhejiang capital, and the manager of the field. The following year, he was promoted to a general in the capital department with his resourcefulness and ability, and guarded the three prefectures of Ningbo, Shaoxing and Taizhou. In Longshan (now part of Ningbo), Jinyun, and Tongling, he fought three battles with Japanese pirates and won three victories. Taking advantage of the victory, he pursued the escaping Japanese pirates and was ambushed. He calmly responded to the challenge and commanded decisively, forcing the Japanese pirates to flee into the sea. In actual combat, he realized that the Ming army's combat capabilities were low and difficult to fight against Japanese invaders, so he wrote many times to request the training of new armies. In the thirty-seventh year, he lost the battle in Cengang (now part of Zhoushan) and was dismissed from his post. The anti-Japanese war took effect. In March of the following year, under the control of Tan Lun, deputy envoy of the Zhejiang Prosecution Department, he led troops to rescue Taizhou. In May, the Japanese pirates who invaded Taozhu (now Linhaidong) were wiped out. In September, we went to Yiwu to recruit 4,000 farmers and miners (some say 3,000). Weapons were distributed according to age and size, and they were organized into groups for training. In the 39th year, in view of the characteristics of the Ming army's wide variety of weapons and equipment, the numerous coastal terrain and the scattered small groups of Japanese pirates, the "Yuanyang Formation" was created that was suitable for both offense and defense. There were 12 people in each team, long and short weapons were used alternately, and both assassins and guards were considered. , because the enemy changed their formation according to the location, they repeatedly defeated the Japanese pirates. Taking advantage of the break in combat training, he wrote the "New Book of Jixiao", which elaborated on the theories and methods of troop selection, formation, drills, and expeditions, etc., and used this to train the Qi Jiajun, making the Qi Jiajun famous all over the world. He was appointed as the staff general of the three prefectures of Taizhou, Jinhua and Yanzhou (today's Jiande East), where he rectified the military equipment of the garrison, supervised the construction of warships, and strictly guarded the coastal defense. In the past forty years, there were more than ten thousand Japanese pirates and hundreds of ships swarming in Xiangshan, Ninghai, and Taozhu areas in eastern Zhejiang. Qi Jiguang established the strategy of "extermination and annihilation" to destroy the Japanese. He concentrated the navy and army on Ninghai first, and then wiped them out one after another. All battles were successful, more than 1,400 Japanese pirates were captured and killed, and more than 4,000 Japanese pirates were burned to death or drowned. This is known as the "Great Victory in Taizhou" in history, and the Japanese pirates in Zhejiang were basically eliminated. Promoted to the capital commander. Another 3,000 Yiwu soldiers were recruited to participate in suppressing the Fujian and Guangdong uprising refugees who entered Jiangxi. In the forty-one year, the Japanese invasion of Fujian became increasingly serious. Qi Jiguang was ordered to lead 6,000 elite soldiers into Fujian to fight against the Japanese. When they arrived in Ningde, they took advantage of the low tide and led the soldiers to cover the mud with straw and cross the sea to attack the Japanese nests on Hengyu Island (today's east of Ningde), killing more than 2,600 Japanese Japanese. He transferred his troops to Fuqing and captured Niutian (southeast of today's Fuqing) late at night. He was called "Qi Hu" by the Japanese pirates. Taking advantage of the victory, they advanced to Putian, the prefectural city of Xinghua. They silenced their flags and drums, took the enemy by surprise, captured Lindun (south of Putian), and successively destroyed three major Japanese nests in Fujian. He took charge of Zhejiang Province, was promoted to the governor of Qianshi, and served as deputy commander-in-chief, guarding the coastal defense of Fujian and Zhejiang. In the forty-second year, new Japanese invaders increased day by day and surrounded Xinghua, taking Pinghaiwei (southeast of Putian) as their nest. Qi Jiguang went to Yiwu for the third time to recruit 10,000 troops. He was ordered to lead the middle route army to cooperate with Yu Dayou, the Fujian general soldier on the right, and Liu Xian, the Guangdong general soldier on the left route. They conquered Pinghaiwei, killed more than 2,200 Japanese, seized more than 3,900 pieces of equipment, and rescued prisoners. More than 3,000 men and women were plundered. Soon, he was promoted to the general of the Fujian Army, guarding Fujian and Wenzhou and Jinhua in Zhejiang Province, and supervising the navy and army affairs. In the winter of the same year, more than ten thousand Japanese pirates surrounded Xianyou (now part of Fujian). Qi Jiguang led only 6,000 troops. He implemented a delaying strategy, waiting for reinforcements, and defeated them one by one to break the siege of Xianyou. The following year, they took advantage of their victory and pursued them to Wangcangping in Tong'an County and Caipoling in Zhangpu County, where they annihilated thousands of Japanese pirates. In the forty-fourth year, he led the navy and army to Meiling (in today's Zhao'an territory) to encircle and suppress the pirate leader Wu Ping, who was colluding with the Japanese pirates, and forced him to flee to Nan'ao Island (today's waters bordering Fujian and Guangdong).
Xuan teamed up with Yu Dayou, the commander-in-chief of Guangdong, to attack Nan'ao Island, capturing and killing more than 1,200 of Wu Ping's men, burning or drowning more than 5,000 people, destroying nearly a hundred ships, and Wu Ping escaped (one said he threw himself into the sea). He was ordered to take charge of the military affairs of Chaozhou (now Chao'an), Huizhou, Guangdong and the Shenwei Camp in Jiangxi, and was responsible for the important task of protecting the thousands of miles of coastal defense from Wenzhou, Zhejiang to Huizhou, Guangdong. He fought bloody battles with Tan Lun, Yu Dayou and other famous anti-Japanese generals for more than ten years, and basically eliminated the Japanese invasion along the southeast coast. In December of the first year of Longqing (1567), Qi Jiguang was transferred to the capital to train soldiers and horses. The following year, he was appointed deputy general of Shenjiying as the governor and Tongzhi. Jiance spent three years training 100,000 elite border troops on chariots, infantry and cavalry to strengthen the defense of the northern border. He was ordered by the Prime Minister to control the military training affairs of Jizhou Town (governing Santunying, northwest of today's Qianxi County, Hebei Province), Changping, and Baoding, and to control the officers and men below the commander-in-chief of the three towns. Later he was appointed as the commander-in-chief. After inspecting the border situation and the enemy's and our military situation, the thousands of miles of defense lines in the jurisdiction were divided into 12 routes, with east and west assisting defenses and separate unified routes. In the winter of the same year, he led his troops to Qingshankou (now Qianxi Northeast of Hebei Province) and defeated Dong Hu and Chang'ang of the Mongolian Duoyan tribe. In three years, he was promoted to right governor and also supervised the military affairs of Jizhou, Yongping and Shanhaiguan. The following year, please set up a martial arts school. In the Zhizhitang of the Marshal's Mansion, he taught strategy, general skills, and military training to his generals. Around five years ago, he wrote "Records of Military Training", advocating that generals should be trained first, emphasizing that generals must cultivate their morals, talents, knowledge, and arts, and advocating the establishment of Wuxiang (military academy) to train and cultivate mastery of tactics through practice. good general. In six years, three transport camps were built, six chariot camps were built, and 1,109 chariots were built, which were located in Miyun, Jianchang (now northeast of Qian'an), Zunhua and other places. In the winter of the same year, about 100,000 chariots, infantry and cavalry troops were assembled for seven days of actual combat exercises on the edge of the Great Wall, followed by multiple days of review, which was a feat in the history of ancient military training. From the first year of Wanli (1573) to the third year of Wanli's reign, he built 1,337 enemy towers. He led his troops out to the fortress many times to defeat Dong Hu, who was harassing the border, and forced him to kowtow to plead guilty. With the help of guarding the border, he became the governor of the left. In the seventh year, he led his troops out of Shanhaiguan to assist Li Chengliang, the commander-in-chief of Liaodong, in defeating the Mongolian Han leader Tumen Zasak Tuhan, and received meritorious service and Shaobao. The following year, he created his own steel wheel fire and buried it under the enemy's platform along the edge to kill and injure enemy soldiers and horses. After 16 years in the town, border preparations were strengthened and Jimen was safe. In the eleventh year, he was excluded and transferred to Guangdong. In the thirteenth year, he was framed and returned to Dengzhou. He died of illness on the eighth day of December in the fifteenth year (January 5, 1588) at the age of 61. There is "Zhizhitang Collection" left in the world. Qi Jiguang spent his entire life as a soldier and made outstanding achievements in fighting against Japanese invaders. Pay attention to military training, especially good at educating generals, strict military discipline, and clear rewards and punishments. During the anti-Japanese war, a mandarin duck formation with both offensive and defensive capabilities was established to attack Japanese pirates flexibly and skillfully. Guard Jizhou, build cities and forts, and fortify roads to effectively resist the Mongolian cavalry. The "New Book of Ji Xiao" and "Record of Military Training" written by him are famous military books in the Ming Dynasty and are valued by military strategists.