Li Ling, named Shao Qing, was a famous general in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He was trusted by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and appointed him as the riding captain, leading the army to resist the invasion of Xiongnu. Li Ling is good at riding and shooting, and he knows the art of war. At that time, it was trusted by the court.
Unexpectedly, in the battle with Xiongnu, Li Ling had no choice but to surrender to Xiongnu because he was outnumbered. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very angry when he heard that Li Ling had surrendered. He thought that Li Ling had betrayed his trust in him, and the ministers in the DPRK also accused Li Ling of having no backbone.
Only a surname made Sima Qian think differently. He said: "I have never had any friendship with Li Ling, but I can see that he is loyal, filial to his parents and friendly to soldiers. He often wants to save the country's disaster at all costs. So I think Li Ling was forced to surrender this time with less than 5,000 troops against tens of thousands of enemy troops. In the end, due to heavy casualties, he ran out of ammunition and was cut off from his way home. Moreover, I also believe that he surrendered this time, not because he was greedy for life, but because he wanted to wait for a favorable opportunity to serve the country in the future. "
Sima Qian was right, but Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty thought that he was defending Li Ling, regardless of right and wrong, put him in prison and executed a "corrupt criminal".
Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also killed Li Ling's family. Li Ling was very sad when she learned that, so she married and had children in Xiongnu, and she didn't return to her hometown until she died, failing to realize her wish to die for her country.
In the Western Han Dynasty, there was a man named Zhao Yu, a litigator of Qiu Zhou Yafu. By chance, Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, saw that his writing was sharp and meaningful, and thought that few people could match him at that time.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty greatly appreciated it, so he appointed Zhao Yu as the suggestion, and later he was promoted to Dr. Taizhong, who was responsible for formulating national laws together with Dr. Zhang Tang.
In order to bind officials with strict legal provisions; According to the will of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, they supplemented and revised the original legal provisions.
At that time, many officials hoped that Zhao Yu would be merciful and amend the legal provisions to allow room for manoeuvre, so they invited him to have dinner with Zhang Tang, but Zhao Yu never thanked them. After several times, many people said that he was a big official; Look down on people.
After a period of time, Zhao Yu and Zhang Tang, after careful consideration and research, decided to enact laws such as "knowing the crime, not raising it" and "officials committing crimes" to restrain on-the-job officials and prevent them from running amok.
As soon as the news came out, officials asked them to persuade Zhao Yu not to make the law too strict.
The officials came to Zhao Yu's home with heavy gifts, but Yu Zhao met them and just chatted everywhere. Ignoring the suggestions of officials asking him to amend the law, after a while, the officials got up and left when they saw that they couldn't go on. But before he left, Zhao Yu simply returned the heavy gifts they brought.
In this way, people really think that Zhao Yu is a very honest and upright person. Someone asked Zhao Yu, don't you consider what people around you think of him? He said: "I cut off the requests of friends or guests in this way, so that I can decide and handle things independently and do things according to my own will without interference from others." "
After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu launched a five-year Chu-Han war.
One day, Xiang Yu called Liu Bang to beat him out before the battle. Liu Bang replied, "I was first ordered by Chu Huaiwang to stay with you, and agreed to establish the Guanzhong King first. But after I decided to pass the customs, you broke your word and asked me to be the Hanwang of Bashu. This is your first accusation. On the way to save the Zhao army, you killed the general and called yourself the general. This is your second crime. You disobeyed Chu Huaiwang's orders and hijacked the vassal's military forces without authorization. This is your third crime. " Then, Liu Bang exposed Xiang Yu's crimes of burning Qin Gong, digging up Qin Huang's tomb, plundering property, killing Zi Ying, the surrendered king of Qin, burying 200,000 people alive in Qin Jun, and killing Yidi. When talking about the tenth count, Liu Bang said: "As a courtier, killing the king and those who have surrendered is unfair to the court and disloyal to the Covenant made, which is unacceptable to the world. You have committed such ten crimes, and I raised a rebel army to beg you to be a traitor. How dare you challenge me! "
Hearing Liu Bang's words, Xiang Yu trembled with anger and ordered the archers to shoot arrows at Liu Bang. As a result, an arrow hit Liu Bang in the chest, and the Han army had to delay.
Wu Zhao is the queen of Tang Gaozong. After the death of Emperor Gaozong, she went to court to listen to politics. Soon after, he abolished Zhongzong and changed his name to Zhou, calling himself Zetian, which is what we generally call Wu Zetian. When she came to the court to listen to politics, Prince Zhongzong had grown up and could handle the affairs of the country, but the Emperor of Heaven still refused to let go. At that time, many ministers were very dissatisfied and wrote to stop it; One of the ministers, Su Anheng, also went to play a book to advise the emperor.
The recital said: "The prince is very old now, and his talents and virtues are good, but you still covet the throne of the emperor and forget the mutual affection between mother and son." Time can't delay you. I thought that God and the people were inclined to the Li family. Although you are still sitting safely in the emperor's seat, you must always know a truth, and things will be reversed when they are full! " There is a saying in Guanzi that "extremes meet, and life is called a cycle", that is to say, when something goes to extremes, it will definitely change and produce completely different results.
Son, this is an exhortation, which means enough is enough, not too much, which is the same as throwing out the container when it is full.
If a person is too greedy, he will be accused of "extremes meet" for the sake of status and wealth. In fact, this sentence also contains a little jealousy.
Mi Fei, a famous painter and painter in Song Dynasty, lived a bohemian life, pretending to be crazy and selling stupidity, and was called Mi Dian. His paintings and calligraphy have a great influence on later generations.
It is said that Mifei likes to collect ancient precious calligraphy and painting, but the collection method is often deceptive. As long as he finds out who has ancient calligraphy and painting, he tries his best to borrow it, saying that it is ornamental, but it is actually copying. He can copy the original exactly, then return the copy to others and keep the original himself. Sometimes I borrow other people's rare ancient paintings, calligraphy and paintings, carefully copy them, and deliberately mix the original and the replica for others to choose. Because he copied it realistically, others often accept it as the original.
In addition to defrauding other people's calligraphy and painting treasures, Mifei also took heinous means to possess them. On one occasion, Mi Fei met Cai You, a calligraphy and painting collector, on the boat. Cai You showed him the original work of Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher in Jin Dynasty. He refused to let go as soon as he saw it. He must exchange a painting with Cai You. Cai You disagreed, begged and pestered, and finally threatened to throw himself into the river. Cai You had no choice but to agree to the exchange.
At that time, people disdained Mi Fei's possession of other people's calligraphy and painting by improper means, and thought it was theft and robbery. Su Shi also said in Postscript of the Second Rhyme of the Two Kings of Mi Fei: Whoever steals the past and seizes the present laughs like a fool.
In the past, people described rich and powerful people seeking other people's property. Now refers to the use of various methods to seek property.
After investigating the flood situation in various places, Dayu felt that it was impossible to fundamentally solve the problem by using soil to block water. More importantly, draw the water out. To this end, he vigorously dug ditches to let water flow into the sea of Wang Yang.
Yu led the people to work hard in the wild for thirteen years, and visited his home three times without entering. Finally, he finally overcame the flood, made the river unobstructed, flowed eastward to the sea, dredged the lake and stored energy for irrigation. The flooded land has now turned into fertile land. In the early Warring States period, there was a water conservancy expert named Bai Gui, who was also very famous. There are cracks, leaks and seepage in the river bank, and he can repair it as soon as he arrives. Later, he was invited to be the prime minister of Wei, and the monarch of Wei trusted him very much.
On one occasion, Mencius came to Wei, and when Bai Gui met him, he showed that he had extraordinary water control skills, and even boasted that "my water control skills have surpassed Dayu!" Mencius was very knowledgeable and retorted on the spot, "You are wrong. Dayu regards the whole world as a big ditch, which is channeled along the water. As a result, all the water flows into the sea, which is beneficial to oneself and harmless to people. At present, water control is only to build dikes to stop rivers and treat neighboring countries as big ditches. As a result, all the floods flowed to other countries, benefiting others and harming others. How can this water control method be compared with Dayu? "
Beggar-for-neighbor means: treat neighboring countries as big puddles and discharge your own floods there. Metaphor is to seek only one's own interests and pass on difficulties or disasters to others.
A long time ago, there was a child named Kong Rong. There are six brothers in his family, and he ranks sixth. Everyone calls him Xiao Liuer, because he is lively and easy-going and everyone likes him.
Although there are many brothers in the family, my parents are very strict with each of them: study hard; Be polite to people; Speak kindly; In any case, brothers should be humble to each other, not just thinking about themselves; Others have difficulties to help. Kong Rong is young, but he clearly remembers what his parents said. He likes to do things, always rushing to sweep the floor and serve dishes, which is very likable.
When Kong Rong was four years old, one day, one of his father's students came to see the teacher and Jenny and brought many pears. The guest asked Kong Rong to share the pears with everyone. After his father nodded in agreement, Kong Rong Jr. stood up and distributed pears to everyone. He first brought the biggest pear to the guests; Then choose two big ones for mom and dad; Then I gave the big ones to my brothers; Finally, he took the smallest pear among many for himself.
The guest asked Kong Rong why he picked up the smallest one. Kong Rong replied: "I am the youngest, of course I want to eat the youngest." The guest listened to Kong Rong's answer and was full of praise. Dad nodded with satisfaction.
Educational significance:
He told people to learn to honor the elderly, know how to respect, learn to share, be polite and not selfish. Now, because of doting, it is easy to make children neither too big nor too small, and they are in the state of "little emperor" or "little princess".
In the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a man named Chen Yaozi who was very good at archery. At that time, everyone knew that he was an archer who hit every shot, so everyone admired him. After getting everyone's praise, Chen Yaozi felt that his skill was a Chinese odyssey, so he became complacent.
One day, Chen Yaozi performed his stunt at the shooting range. An arrow broke a thin and soft willow branch. The audience cheered loudly and asked him to do it again. At this moment, an old man selling oil passed by. After reading it, he smiled and said, "What's the big deal? It's just that he has good skills! " Chen Yaozi was furious and shouted, "Old man, how dare you despise me?" The old man replied, "I dare not despise you." I just know what I have done well from decades of experience in pouring oil, and I will find out the truth of the trick. " With that, he took a gourd from the oil shoulder, put a square hole copper coin on the mouth of the gourd, then made a spoonful of oil, held the oil spoon high and poured it into the gourd. The falling oil goes straight through the money hole and into the gourd like a line. After the oil poured out, I picked up the copper coins for everyone to see. There is no oil stain around Qiandong, and everyone is amazed. The old man smiled and said to Chen Yaozi, "I am useless, but practice makes perfect." Hearing this, Chen Yaozi turned away without saying a word.
Later, people derived the idiom "Practice makes perfect" from this story to show that if you are familiar with what you are doing, you can find a better way to do it.
When the Song Dynasty gradually declined, the northern Jin Wushu took the opportunity to attack the Central Plains on a large scale and occupied many sites in the Song Dynasty. Yue Fei led Yue Jiajun to stubbornly resist the nomads from the army, while Qin Gui advocated peace. Qin Gui seized Song Gaozong's weakness of cowardice and indecision and tried his best to publicize the benefits of peace. Song Gaozong agreed, but Yue Fei and many ministers and generals disagreed. Qin Gui is determined to get rid of Yue Fei, but it is not an easy task.
One day, Qin Gui was sitting at home under the east window, still worried. His wife, Wang Jian, said, "I am afraid of death under Yue Fei's command. According to the law, he should be beheaded, and it was the generals who pleaded with Yue Fei to avoid death. He must hold a grudge. Why not let him report Yue Fei? "
Qin Gui sent someone to find Wang Gui and lured him to falsely accuse Yue Fei of "rebellion". I didn't expect Gui Wang to refuse. Qin Gui and his gang tortured him and threatened his family's life, but Wang Gui gave in. Qin Gui finally killed Yue Fei.
Later, when Qin Gui visited the West Lake, he fell ill and died. Seven days after his death, the king hired a Taoist priest to make a Dojo for him and cross over his dead. The Taoist hated killing the loyal man, so he pretended to salute for a while, and then said to the king, He is being tortured in hell, and the devils of Yan are interrogating him. "The King of Qin said to me,' Please tell my wife that something is wrong. "
Metaphor plot has been exposed.
Bian Que, a famous doctor, once went to see Qi Huangong. He stood by for a while and said to Huan Gong, "You are sick. Now your illness is still between the muscles. If you don't treat it quickly, your illness will get worse! " "Huan gong smiled and said," I'm not sick. After Bian Que left, Huan Gong said to people, "These doctors like to treat people who are not sick and take this as their own credit. "
10 days later, Bian Que went to see Huan Gong again and said that his illness had developed into a muscle, which would get worse if he was not treated. Huan Gong ignored him. After Bian Que left, Huan Gong was very unhappy.
Ten days later, Bian Que went to see Huan Gong again, saying that his illness had transferred to his stomach, and it would be more serious if he didn't treat it quickly. Huan Gong still ignored him.
Ten days later, when Bian Que went to see Huan Gong, he looked at him and turned away. Huan Gong felt very strange, so he sent messengers to ask Bian Que. Bian Que said to the messenger: "The disease lies in the texture of the skin, which can be achieved through the power of ironing;" Diseases on the skin can be treated with needle stones; Can be cured by fire in the stomach; If you get sick to the bone marrow, it is the responsibility of the company, and there is nothing I can do. Now I go deep into the bone marrow, so I won't ask any more questions.
After five days, Huan Gong was in unbearable pain all over, so he quickly sent someone to invite him, but he had fled to the State of Qin. Huan Gong died soon. If a good doctor treats a disease, it will be cured in time when it is on the epidermis. This is to deal with it in time at the first sign. Things have a beginning, so saints always deal with them as soon as possible.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a famous musician named Gong in the State of Lu. He is very accomplished in music and good at playing the piano. His piano sound is beautiful, and people are often intoxicated with it after hearing such beautiful piano sound.
One spring, he took his harp for a walk in the field in the suburbs. The warm spring breeze blew the fragrance of grass in front of him, which made him feel very comfortable. He looked around and found a big bull grazing not far away. He was in high spirits and had a whim to play a song for this bull, so he plucked the strings and played an elegant Song of Clear Horn for this bull.
Although the music played in the palace was very pleasant, the grazing cows ignored this elegant tune and kept eating grass with their heads down. Because the bull can hear the sound of the strings, but it can't understand the wonderful artistic conception in the song.
Gong was helpless when he saw that the wonderful piano sound could not impress this cow who didn't understand music. After a while, he came up with another idea. Gong stroked the strings, and a series of strange and messy sounds popped up, some like buzzing mosquitoes and flies, and some like the cry of a lost calf (dú). At this moment, Daniel seemed to suddenly understand something, wagging his tail and listening.
Later, people used the metaphor of "casting pearls before swine" to tell a profound truth to a stupid person, or to tell experts to outsiders, wasting time; Now it is also used to laugh at people who talk without looking at the object.
Classic children's idiom stories
The classic idiom story of kindergarten middle class 12 tells us that it is not too late to mend. Figuratively speaking, finding a way to remedy the problem can prevent further losses. It is common to make mistakes and suffer setbacks. As long as we can learn lessons seriously and take remedial measures in time, we can avoid making bigger mistakes and suffering greater losses.
Once upon a time, there was a herder who kept dozens of sheep, herded them during the day and drove them to a sheepfold surrounded by firewood and stakes at night.
One morning, the herdsmen went to herd sheep and found that one sheep was missing. It turned out that there was a hole in the sheepfold. At night, a wolf got in and took a sheep.
His neighbor advised him, "Fix the sheepfold quickly and plug the hole."
He said, "Why repair the sheepfold when all the sheep are lost?" I didn't accept my neighbor's kind advice.
The next morning, he went to herd sheep and found that another sheep was missing. It turned out that the wolf got into the sheepfold from the hole and took away another sheep.
Herdsmen regretted not directly accepting their neighbors' suggestions and taking remedial measures in time. So he quickly blocked the hole, reinforced it as a whole, and made the sheepfold firmly.
Since then, the shepherd's sheep have never been taken away by wolves.
The story of herders tells us that mistakes and setbacks are common. As long as we can learn lessons seriously and take remedial measures in time, we can avoid making bigger mistakes and suffering greater losses.
Classic Idiom Story Kindergarten Middle School 13 Lv Meng was a general of the State of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. He has strong martial arts and outstanding military achievements, but he doesn't like reading. At first, Sun Quan, the king of Wu, said to Lv Meng, "You are in an important position now, so you should read more books." Lu Meng said that military affairs are busy and there is no time. Sun Quan said, "Do I want you to be proficient in classics and history and become a learned man? I just want you to read some books, increase your knowledge and broaden your horizons. You said military affairs were busy. Are you busier than me? I often take time to study and feel that I have gained a lot. " Lv Meng then began to use his spare time to read.
Later, when Lu Su was going to Lukou and passing through the jurisdiction of Lumeng, Lu Su felt that Lumeng was a lout and didn't want to see him. Someone advised him: "General Lu is not what he used to be. He should go and see him. " So Lu Su came to see Monroe. When everyone was enjoying themselves, Monroe asked Lu Su, "Now the general has a great responsibility. How should we guard against Guan Yu?" Lu Su said, "I haven't decided yet. Let's talk about it then. " Lv Meng said: "Although Wu and Shu have formed an alliance, Guan Yu is a tiger and a wolf. How could he not prepare earlier? " So he planned five strategies for Lu Su.
Lu Su was very surprised and said, "Your talent and strategy are no longer the Amon of Wu!" Lv Meng said: "For ambitious people, you should keep your eyes open for a few days and take another look at him!" " "
"Sit up and take notice" is a metaphor for re-understanding things.
During the Warring States period, vassal states often waged wars for land. The Daqin Empire sent general Bai Qi to attack South Korea and occupied a piece of land in South Korea. There is still a piece of land near the wild king to join this team. Seeing that the wild king was easily captured, local officials wrote to Zhao, expressing their willingness to join the party and hoping to get Zhao's protection.
The ministers of Zhao had different opinions on whether to accept the submission of Shangdang, and everyone had a heated debate. Ping Yuanjun Zhao Sheng said: "We can get such a big place to join the Party without a single soldier. Why not? " Pingyang Jun objected, "It's because you can get benefits without effort, and it's easy to get them. I am afraid it will bring catastrophe. " Because the prince of Zhao didn't want to lose this piece of fat, he supported Ping Yuanjun's idea and sent him to take over Shangdang and put Shangdang into the territory of Zhao. When the Daqin Empire knew it, it thought that Zhao was deliberately targeting himself, so it ordered the army to attack Zhao. As a result, Zhao's 400,000 troops were all annihilated, and Handan, the capital of Zhao, was besieged. Later, Ping Yuanjun took Mao Sui to the State of Chu, and persuaded the King of Chu to unite with the State of Zhao against the State of Qin. Finally, Chu sent troops to lift the siege of Handan, Zhao.
King Zhao's greed for the immediate interests of Shangdang land almost led to the demise of Zhao. Later generations described their behavior as "greedy".
Classic idiom story of kindergarten middle class 15 once Dayu blocked the spillway, dredged the Yangtze River and Yellow River, and connected Kyushu. There are 300 big rivers, 3000 tributaries and countless canals and streams. Dayu personally picked up the basket and shoveled water, and finally gathered the water on the ground to return it to the rivers. Yu is a great saint, and he still works hard for world affairs personally.
According to legend, in Yao's time, there were 300 big rivers and more than 3,000 tributaries in China, and there were small rivers everywhere. In the event of a flood, fields and houses are often washed away, and people's lives are very painful. Later, Dayu took on the heavy responsibility of river regulation. He personally took the tools of water control, worked with people to open the water channel and dredge the flood, and finally collected the surface water to make it belong to the big river. Because I was so tired, there was no meat on my legs and the hair on my calves was polished. My body is often soaked in heavy rain, and my hair is messed up by strong wind. In the face of the storm, I work hard every day, only hoping to eliminate the flood as soon as possible and let people all over the world live and work in peace and contentment.
According to Zhuangzi Tianxia, Mozi called Yu "a heavy rain and a strong wind". Therefore, it is necessary for later Mohists to make clothes out of sheepskin and coarse cloth, wooden shoes and sandals, work day and night, and regard their hardship as a code of conduct. He also said: "If you don't do this, it won't conform to Yu Xia's proposition and you won't be worthy of being called a Mohist school."
Later, "hurricane plus rain" was used to indicate that the journey was very hard and it was extremely hard to run outside. It can also be used as "rain and hurricane".
At the end of the Warring States Period, there was a big businessman named Lv Buwei in the State of Qin. King Zhuang of Qin helped Zhao when he was doing business, and betrothed his concubine to his wife. After Zi Chu acceded to the throne, he was named Wen Xin Hou and lived in Guo Xiang. King Zhuang Xiang died of illness after only three years in office. His 13-year-old son Zheng (born to Zhao Ji) succeeded to the throne, the famous Qin Shihuang in history, who was honored as Guanzhong, and all administrative power was in his hands.
It was very popular at that time to train scholars. The famous Four Childes of the Warring States have thousands of followers, and Lv Buwei also has three thousand followers. As his think tank, he came up with various ways to consolidate his regime. These men and women have everything, and everyone has their own views and experiences; Write all this down. Together, it became a masterpiece of more than 200,000 words and was nominated as Lv Chunqiu.
Lv Buwei thinks this book is a classic of Qin's unification of the world. At that time, Lu announced a book in Xianyang, Qin Dou, saying that anyone who could add or subtract a word in the book would be rewarded with 1000 yuan (a catty of gold). For this record, see Historical Records: Biography of Lv Buwei. Later people derived the idiom "in a word" from this story to describe the high value of an article, or to praise the excellent rhetoric and rare words used in an article.
One summer, Cao Cao led his army to crusade against Zhang Xiu. The weather is unusually hot, the sun is like fire, and there is not a cloud in the sky. The troops walked on the winding mountain road, and the dense trees and rocks scorched by the sun on both sides made people breathless. By noon, the soldiers' clothes were soaked, the marching speed slowed down, and several weak soldiers fainted on the side of the road.
Cao Cao was worried that the marching speed was getting slower and slower, and that the fighter plane would be delayed. However, at present, tens of thousands of people can't even drink water. How can we speed up? He immediately called the guide and asked him quietly, "Is there a water source near here?" The guide shook his head and said, "The spring is on the other side of the valley. It's a long detour. " Cao Cao thought for a moment and said, "No, it's too late." He looked at the forest in front of him, thought for a moment, and said to the guide, "Don't say anything, I'll think of something." He knew that even if he ordered the troops to speed up at the moment, it would not help. A brainwave, the solution came. He grabbed the horse by the stomach and quickly rushed to the front of the team. Pointing at the front with a whip, he said, "Soldiers, I understand that there is a large area of Merlin in front, where the plums are big and delicious. Let's hurry around this hill and get to Meilin! " Hearing this, the soldiers seemed to eat it in their mouths, and their spirits were greatly boosted, and their pace could not help but accelerate a lot.
In ancient times, there was a woman named Liang. She took two children and lived with her brother's family.
One day, my brother and sister-in-law went to work in the fields, and Gu Liang looked after his brother's son and two children at home alone. While she was washing clothes in the yard outside the house, a fire broke out in the house. The fire blocked three children in the house, and the situation was very critical.
Gu Liang rushed into the room desperately, trying to save her brother's child first, but because of the smoke in the room, she couldn't tell which child was her little nephew, so when she took the child out, she found that it was her son who was saved. At this time, the fire is getting more and more fierce. If she goes in to save the child, her life will be in danger. She was anxious like a cat on hot bricks, beating her chest and crying, thinking, how can this win? If I can't save my brother's children, my own children will be saved. In this way, doesn't every family know that I am a selfish little man? Then I will never face my brother and sister-in-law again! No, even if I rush in and burn to death, I will save my nephew! So, she risked her life and rushed into the thatched cottage that had turned into a sea of fire again. As a result, the child was not rescued and she was burned to death.
Later, people used "household name" to express the meaning of some well-known people, stories or events.