Chang Yu (1900101October14-1966 August 12), born in Shunqing, Sichuan (now Nanchong).
When I was young, my family was very rich. 19 19, Zhang Yu went to Paris by studying in France. He is familiar with Xu Beihong and Lin Fengmian, but Chang Yu's view of art is different from theirs. He didn't go to the Academy of Fine Arts for further study. He often painted while watching A Dream of Red Mansions, or played the violin in a cafe. Chang Yu insisted on his own way in art and pursued spiritual freedom. He experienced ups and downs, and he was unknown and unappreciated all his life. Today, the West recognizes him as a world-class painter, known as "Franco Modigliani of China".
Chinese name: Chang Yu.
Alias: There are often books.
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of birth: Shunqing, Sichuan
Date of birth: 1900 65438+ 10 65438+April.
Date of death:1August 1966 12.
Occupation: painter
Main achievements: painting creation
Representative works: blue and white potted chrysanthemum, five naked women, naked women with bent legs.
outline
Chang Yu, born in Shunqing (Nanchong), Sichuan Province, was born in June 1900 and June 14. He studied painting with Zhao Xi from June 19 10. He is good at calligraphy and entered Shanghai Fine Arts on June 19 17. Chang Yu went to France from the age of 20 (1920) and worked and studied in Paris. 192 1 organized "Tiangou Club" with students studying in France such as Xu Beihong and Zhang Daofan. He lived in Paris most of his life until he died at the age of 67. Since then, his works have often been exhibited in salons and major galleries. 1938, he returned to China briefly, and then moved to new york, where he lived for two years. And exhibited his works at new york Museum of Modern Art on 1948. At the same time, the museum printed colorful "vase flowers" postcards. 1948 returned to France, 1966 died in Paris. The National Museum of History in Taipei has collected more than 40 oil paintings by Zhang Yu. Since 1978, his retrospective exhibitions and academic research have been held regularly to publicize his achievements in China's art history in the 20th century.
The life of the character
1900 65438+1October 14 was born in Sichuan. 19 19 went to Japan.
1920 Work-study program in Paris.
192 1 year, we organized the "Tiangou Club" with students studying in France such as Xu Beihong and Zhang Daofan. 1925 works were selected for French autumn salon.
In 193 1, he illustrated the French version of Tao Qian's poems.
1932 is listed in the third volume of Dictionary of Contemporary Artists' Life:
1933 held an art exhibition in Amsterdam.
1938 returned to France in the same year because of his brother's funeral.
65438-0948, went to the United States from France and lived in new york.
/kloc-held an art exhibition in new york in 0/950 and returned to Paris the following year.
1955 works participated in the independent salon in Paris.
1964 Held a solo exhibition in Taiwan Province Province at the invitation of the Ministry of Education.
1965 held a solo exhibition at a friend's house in Paris.
1966 died of gas poisoning in Paris apartment.
Talent style
Exhibition, solo exhibition and painting style
1925 works were selected for French autumn salon. In 193 1, he illustrated the French version of Tao Qian's poems. 1932 was included in the third volume of Dictionary of Contemporary Artists' Life. 1933 held an art exhibition in Amsterdam. 1938 returned to France in the same year because of his brother's funeral. 65438-0948, went to the United States from France and lived in new york. /kloc-held an art exhibition in new york in 0/950 and returned to Paris the following year. 1955 works participated in the independent salon in Paris. 1964 held a solo exhibition in Taiwan Province province at the invitation of the Ministry of Education. 1965 held a solo exhibition at a friend's house in Paris. 1966 died of gas poisoning in Paris apartment. He is one of the early famous overseas painters and an anomaly in the field of modern Chinese painting, because he is good at painting, but he paints with urchin psychology and game mood. He doesn't pay attention to the theory of calligraphy and painting, and paints his likes and dislikes and moods at will. Painting is a natural catharsis of feelings for Chang Yu. Chang Yu entered another brand-new field of western art from China's most familiar art, based on China's painting, constantly groping for the pursuit, led by Parisian art factions and artists, and finally achieved Chang Yu's concise and fluent special painting style.
The value of the work
Auction record
20 1 1 On May 30th, 2008, in the auction of "Modern and Contemporary Art" held by Rove (Hong Kong), Chang Yu's "Five Naked Women" set a new record for China oil painting at the price of1280,000 Hong Kong dollars (about RMB1070,000 yuan), breaking Christie's.
20 19, 1910.5, Sotheby's 20 19 Autumn Auction of Modern Art was held in Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Center. Chang Yu's "Naked Girl with Curved Legs" started at HK$100000, and was finally sold at HK$1720000 plus commission.
Five Naked Women is the largest oil painting with naked women as the theme in Chang Yu's life. This painting was first exposed in 1988 "China-Paris: Retrospective Exhibition of Early French China Painters" in Taipei Municipal Art Museum, and it is also the cover and back cover work of the album "Selected Works of China: Chang Yu" edited by Chen Yanfeng. 1October 23rd, 20 1965438+ Christie's "Night Auction of 20th Century and Contemporary Art" in Hong Kong, Chang Yu's masterpiece "Five Naked Women" started at HK$1900,000, and was finally sold at HK$ 266 million with a commission of HK$ 303.9 million, surpassing Sotheby's in Hong Kong.
Works and related auctions
Chang Yu's female body works show a different angle from ordinary people. He showed his inner scenery with the outline of a naked woman. There are not many slim naked women in his works, and most of them are plump women. Even slim and graceful women are full of fat, muscular and attractive.
In the overseas Chinese community in Paris, there was a saying that Chang Yu, a French painter studying in China, admired Ms. Jiang Biwei, the wife of Xu Beihong. When Xu Beihong was in Paris, he was often suspicious and unhappy because of trivial matters in his life, especially the occasional contact between his wife Jiang Biwei and Chang Yu, which often made him feel bad. So some people say that Mr Xu is "narrow-minded" and Chang Yu is his "rival in love".
In today's China painting world, Chang Yu's and Xu Beihong's paintings stand side by side, each leading the way, and once set a new record for China's oil painting auction alternately. At Sotheby's Spring Auction in Hong Kong, Chang Yu's oil painting "Gentleman in the Flower" sold for HK$ 2,865,438+2,000, which broke the auction record of China painter's oil painting in one fell swoop. Xu Beihong's masterpiece A Mountain of Yugong was auctioned by Beijing Hanhai Company and successfully changed hands for 33 million yuan. Later, the price of Chang Yuqing's flower pot and chrysanthemum was raised to HK$ 53.3 million, setting a new record for the auction price of Chang Yu's works. So some people say that Xu Beihong and Chang Yu were rivals in love, and they are still fighting behind their backs.
Chang Yu went to Paris while studying in France. He didn't go to the Academy of Fine Arts for further study, but painted in a cafe. Chang Yu experienced the ups and downs of life, and instantly changed from a playboy to a tramp. He insisted on the idea of "going his own way, not clinging to the secular world" in art. 1966 died in Paris because of a gas leak, and he was still unknown and unappreciated.
Personality assessment
World-class painter, Franco Modigliani, Chinese style.
Personal life
Chang Yu died tragically in Paris and pursued spiritual freedom all his life.
For domestic people, Xu Beihong is well known, while Chang Yu is little known among the people and even in the industry. Zhang Yu 190 1 (another 1900) was born in Nanchong, Sichuan, and his family was rich when he was young. 19 19 (1920, also 192 1) Changyu studied in France and arrived in Paris. He is familiar with Xu Beihong and Lin Fengmian, but Chang Yu's view of art is different from theirs. He doesn't go to the Academy of Fine Arts for further study. He often paints while watching A Dream of Red Mansions, or plays the violin in a cafe. He takes another painting road-learning about the context of modern French painting from the painting world, galleries and Parisian life, and engaging in artistic creation on this basis, and insisting on this concept all his life.
In the 1930s, his brother Changyu died in Nanchong, Sichuan, and the economic situation took a turn for the worse. Unexpected changes made Chang Yu suddenly poor from a playboy and lived a hard life. He used to make pottery, make a living by supplementing art with business, and engage in sports promotion activities in Paris and Berlin, but he didn't achieve much. Chang Yu's economic situation deteriorated at the beginning of the 1938 European War and continued to hold exhibitions on a regular basis. In the 1930s, I participated in French autumn salons and French independent salons, especially French SalondesTuileries, which had a high status in Europe. Chang Yu has a great influence in Paris. According to the old overseas Chinese in Paris, Chang Yu should have become famous by then, but Chang Yu failed to become famous in the end.
In the late 1940s, Chang Yu stayed in new york for a year and a half, but his works were not sold. He returned to Paris and continued to devote himself to artistic creation. Chang Yu's works were later selected for the French Independent Salon, but the response was mediocre. Life in Changyu has become more difficult and lonely. 1966 August 12 in the early morning, Changyu was found dead in his studio in panas because of a gas leak. Chang Yu spent his life in obscurity in Paris.
Most of Chang Yu's animal works show the vast land, endless ancient roads, or the desolate situation with yellow sand all over the road. In the boundless empty and distant sky, there is only a lonely animal as small as a drop in the ocean, and all the viewers feel the loneliness and sadness of this foreign wanderer in his later years.
intelligence
From nudity to scenery, Chang Yu's mental journey
While struggling to make a living in Paris, Chang Yu insisted on painting. Judging from Chang Yu's painting style, he has never changed his personal creative thinking. Chang Yu's early paintings were mostly nude, with oil painting, watercolor painting, ink painting and charcoal pen, with white and pink as the main tones. His style of painting is free and easy, which makes people feel that Chang Yu is trying to break through the shackles of the traditional pattern while following the traditional techniques of China. Wang Jinyu, a critic, thinks that Chang Yu's fashion consciousness and pioneering spirit in painting are obvious to all, which is different from Xu Beihong's advocating realistic painting. He chooses personalized and abstract artistic expression in nude theme creation, which embodies simple and smooth painting style.
Chang Yu's female body works are the expression angle of a pervert's nude painting. He expressed the scenery in his heart with the outline of naked women. There are not many slim naked women in Chang Yu's works, and most of them are plump women. Even slim, slim and graceful women's bodies are full of fat and muscles, which makes them attractive. The back female body in his paintings has unique characteristics. Some women in the painting look at people with one eye, thoughtful and embarrassed, and their brow is mixed with cold eyes and disdainful expressions. In some works, women's bun is the most eye-catching, and her posture is ashamed and resentful, which is quite self-pity of the author.
Landscape animal works
Chang Yu's landscape animal works are also very special in creativity and artistic conception: most of the paintings show the desolate scenes of vast land, ancient roads or yellow sand. In the boundless empty sky, there are only lonely animals as small as a drop in the ocean. Animals sometimes run, sometimes walk slowly, or meditate, or wander. Where are they going? Where are their hearts? Where is the township pass? All the audience felt the loneliness and sadness of this exotic wanderer in his later years.
Chang Yu's life is so rough that paintings can't be sold at all. For the sake of artistic ideal, he didn't create according to the secular point of view, so that when he was smoked to death by gas in his home in Mon panas, he was still poor. Although Chang Yu is not well-known in China, he is being appreciated by more and more people in Taiwan Province, France and Europe. Chang Yu, a Franco Modigliani figure in China, was down and out before his death. In the 1940s, Chang Yu wanted to hold a solo exhibition in Taiwan Province Province, and dozens of representative works arrived in Taiwan Province Province ahead of schedule, but they could not make it because of the passport problem at the time of visa. Fortunately, many of Chang Yu's representative works have stayed in Bao Dao, which has become an important evidence for contemporary people to understand the mental journey of this painting master.
Chang Yu's still life works are a mirror of his inner world. Most of the flowers in the painting are lonely and powerless, and the residual flowers are out of rhyme and magnificent. They are as lonely and helpless as a child who has lost his mother, which makes people feel sad.
Personality influence
right of use
In 1980s, many art dealers in Taiwan Province province became rich because of Chang Yu's legacy, and some people with conscience went to Paris specially. Under very difficult conditions, they found migrant workers in China restaurant under the building where Chang Yu lived, all of whom were over 60 years old. After listening to their stories, the art dealer finally found the hastily buried tomb of Chang Yu in a poor cemetery in Paris. According to friends, the year when the art dealer went was also the time when Chang Yu's bones were about to be removed by the owner of the cemetery. The cemetery in Paris has a fixed age. After Chang Yu died, his friends clubbed together to buy a cemetery, which was the same year. I don't know if this is providence or coincidence. At this time, the Taiwan Province provincial art dealer came to Paris and bought the right to use Chang Yu cemetery for another 20 years. Chang Yu, who has been poor all his life, can close his eyes for a while.
The influence of Europe
When Changyu 1966 died in Paris, his works appeared in bundles in the auction market in Paris, and the price was only a few hundred francs. After the 1980s, the price of a leaflet has risen to tens of thousands of francs. The famous Paris galleries Sild Gallery and Oriental Gallery held two solo exhibitions of their works after Chang Yu's death, and their influence gradually expanded. The retrospective exhibition of Chang Yu's works held by Ji Mei Museum pushed Chang Yu's propaganda to a climax and made Chang Yu's influence in Europe more extensive and in-depth.
Tragic figure
Chang Yu is a typical tragic figure among early French exiled painters. He is a Chinese-style Franco Modigliani and a great painter who created freely for his own artistic beliefs and made great achievements. Time flies, pearls and jade are covered with dust, and we have the responsibility to wipe them off and give them jewelry. Changyu is an indelible oriental pearl.
Chang Yu's back-shaped female body has unique characteristics. Some women in the painting look at people with one eye, thoughtful and embarrassed, with cold eyes and disdainful expressions on their brow. In some works, women's bun is the most eye-catching, and her posture is ashamed and resentful, which is quite self-pity of the author.