202 1-09-30
The Preface to the Orchid Pavilion depicts the scenery of Orchid Pavilion and the fun of gathering by Wang Xizhi and others, and expresses the author's sigh that events are not frequent, but "all shall be well." Then, the following is the full text and translation of Preface to Lanting that I collected for you. I hope you like it.
Full text:
Yonghe nine years, aged in Guichou, will gather in Lanting to repair things in late spring and early spring. A group of smart people never miss, but some of them are long and salty. There are mountains here, and there are bamboo cultivation in Maolin; There is also a clear stream, which reflects left and right, thinking it is a stream, followed by a row. Although it is not as prosperous as the string of silk and bamboo, it is enough to love.
It's sunny, sunny and breezy. Looking up at the size of the universe and overlooking the variety, it's enough to enjoy watching and listening. I believe in coke.
A lady's phase, throw her life, or arm in arm, talk about one room; Let the waves go because of the entrustment. Although the choice is different, calm is different. When he is happy with what happened to him, he gains something from himself, and he is self-sufficient. He doesn't know that his old age is coming. What he is tired of is that his feelings are advancing with the times and his feelings are sentimental. I'm happy about it. It's a thing of the past between pitches, so I still have to be happy about it. The situation is short-lived, and it will end in the end. The ancients said, "Life and death are great." It hurts!
Every time I look at the reasons why the ancients were excited, if I unite, I will lament the article, which can't be compared to the things in my chest. Knowing that a dead life is a false birthday and the destruction of Peng Qi is a mistake. Look at the present in the future or look at the past today. Sad husband! Therefore, as soon as people go public, they record what they say. Although the world is different, they are happy and they are one. Later visitors will also be impressed by Sven.
Translation:
Yonghe nine years, ugly. On the fourth day of late spring and early March, we met in Lanting, Shanyin County, Huiji for a drink. All the respected people here attended the meeting, and all the young and old people gathered together. Lanting is surrounded by mountains, with lush trees and dense bamboo rafts. There is also a clear and swift stream, like a green ribbon, set off from left to right. This stream is a winding stream, which is located on its side. Even without the grand occasion of orchestral ensemble, just drinking and writing poems is enough to make people speak freely. On this day, Enigma is sunny and breezy, and it can look up at the vast universe, bend down, inspect a variety of things, enjoy the overall situation, open your mind and try your best to see and hear. It can really be said that it is a great pleasure in life.
People are close to each other and spend their lives between stadiums. Some people like introspection and are satisfied with an interview in a room; Some people depend on external things and live a bohemian life. Although their internal or external choices are very different, and their quiet and active personalities are also different, when they encounter gratifying things, they will be complacent, feel happy and self-sufficient, and forget the coming of aging. When you are tired of what you have got and things change, you will inevitably feel infinite emotion. The joy gained in the past will soon become a historical relic, and people can't help but feel sorry for it. What's more, people's life span depends on nature, and it will eventually come down to exhaustion! The ancients said, "Life and death are important things." How can this not make people sad!
Whenever I see the feelings expressed by my predecessors, I will inevitably sigh in front of their articles, but I can't figure out what is going on. Of course, I know it is wrong to confuse death with life, and it is absurd to equate long life with early death. Future generations look at today's people just like today's people look at their predecessors. This is the sad thing. So I will list the names of the participants and record their poems. Although times are different and actions are different, the motives that trigger people's feelings will undoubtedly be the same. Later generations will probably feel the same way when they read these poems.
interpret
Wang Xizhi, whose real name is Shao Yi, was born in Linyi, Langya, Eastern Jin Dynasty, and was known as a "book sage" in history. His Preface to Lanting, also known as Preface to Lanting, Preface to Lanting and Preface to Wedge, has been circulated for thousands of years because of its fresh and natural words, sincere feelings and profound knowledge. Therefore, the article was written by Wang Xizhi with excellent running script, and Preface to Lanting Collection became a famous calligraphy post praised by later generations, with the reputation of "the best running script in the world" and was honored as "the ink emperor".
First, the emotional clues of Preface to Lanting Collection
As a preface to a book, Preface to Lanting Collection first narrates the reason of meeting according to the style: "Make a decision"; Introduce the participants: "A group of talented people are perfect, few of them are salty", and the words "perfect" and "salty" show the grand occasion of gathering celebrities and talents. Then describe the beautiful scenery around Lanting, the meeting site: high mountains, steep mountains, lush forests, bamboo pruning, clear and turbulent flows; Mountains and rivers, such as belts, surround Lanting; Coupled with "the sky is high and the clouds are light, the wind is sunny", the scenery and language are affectionate, and it is more obvious that celebrities and talented people get together and enjoy themselves! "One poem and one chant is enough to talk about hidden feelings" means to describe and talk heartily and fully, while "hidden feelings" means unspeakable affection; The meanings of "speaking freely" and "close lover" are contrasted in a specific context, and the addition of "singing and singing" shows the gathering of celebrities and talents in detail. It also makes readers appreciate Wang Xizhi's narration, scenery writing and lyricism.
"Looking up at the vastness of the universe and overlooking the prosperity of various categories", Wang Xizhi's "looking up and looking down" transcends worldly things, arouses thinking and reveals Hyunri. "Believe in Coke": Yes, indeed, indeed. A word "letter" pushed the joy of the article to a climax.
At the time of gathering, Wang Xizhi looked at the mountains and rivers, realized the infinity of the universe from the immediate situation, and realized the endless life of all things in nature, and then entered Hyunri's thinking: people live in the world, compared with the endless nature, how short their life is, so all kinds of feelings arise spontaneously: although people have different attitudes towards life and different temperaments, when they feel happy and self-sufficient about the things they touch, they don't even know the coming of aging. And when the once happy things suddenly become the past, how can people not feel sorry for them? What's more, a person's life is long and short, and the nature of heaven and earth will end in the end.
"Emotions move with the times, and emotions are related" reveals such a philosophy: when everything in nature is in the same state of mind as "I", people's emotions will naturally change with the changes of things; Therefore, for thousands of years, later readers are amazed.
The preface quotes Zhuangzi Dechong Fu again, "Life and death are the most important", and turns to thinking about life: life and death are also major events in life changes! "Death and life" here is actually a compound word with partial meaning, and its meaning focuses on the word "death". "Does it not hurt?" It not only expresses Wang Xizhi's helplessness and sadness about his short life and unsatisfactory life, but also echoes the previous article "Letter of Coke", which makes the feelings of the article steep and emotional.
To understand Hyunri's state of mind from his feelings about mountains and rivers, the feelings expressed in Preface to Lanting Collection are complicated: whenever he sees that the reasons for his predecessors' feelings coincide with his own reasons for lamenting, Wang Xizhi can't help sighing in the face of his predecessors' articles, but he doesn't understand why; Here, the last article has indicated "life and death" and "pain", so what are the reasons for the author's "mourning the article" and "incomprehensible", that is, unsuitable or incomprehensible? Wang Xizhi left a question for later readers!
Then, the author criticizes predecessors' viewpoints, and thinks that The Field of Life and Death is untrue, and The Sorrow of Peng Qi is a fabrication, which transcends not only Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, but also ordinary literati and scholars who advocate openness with their contemporaries. Besides, it makes us realize that Wang Xizhi is eager to do more practical things in his lifetime, instead of empty talk about Hyunri's ambition.
"Looking back today, I am still thinking about the past, sad husband!" Here, "bereavement" not only echoes the "face of mourning", but also takes care of "believing in coke" and "it hurts" one by one, which makes the article form three emotional waves of "joy-pain-sadness"; The preface ends with "Sad Husband", which can not but arouse our doubts and thoughts on the unspeakable sadness of the book "Sage" again.
Finally, according to the style, the article supplements the process of compiling poetry into a book, ending with "people who look at it later will feel gentle" and taking care of the idea of "looking at the present in the future and looking at the past today" in the previous article. The repeated narration of a period obviously makes us feel that there must be a block in the chest of the book saint that is difficult to dissolve and not suitable for narration. We can only pin our hopes on "the readers behind us" and "feeling gentle", hoping to communicate with the readers of later generations through the barrier of time and space and call for their understanding.
Second, solve the worries of book saints
Wang Xizhi's character is noble and virtuous. People call him a "noble man". When Yu Liang (the younger brother of Queen Mu) was appointed as the general of the Western Expedition, Wang Xizhi said, "Please join the army and move to a long history". Yu Liang's "Pro-Autumn, Noble as the ministers said, General Ningyuan moved, Jiangzhou Secretariat". Judge, observe and measure the talents and virtues of others. Li Shimin appreciated Wang Xizhi's character and calligraphy. "I am eager to pursue him with my hands, but he is just this person." He wrote the biography of Wang Xizhi and brought the Book of Jin. The evaluation of Wang Xizhi's character is "the call of bones", with backbone, honesty and integrity. He praised Wang Xizhi's calligraphy style as "floating like a cloud and agile as a dragon", and included the preface to Lanting Collection in full text.
Wang Xizhi's "reputation is not great", and he was frequently called as a middle minister and an official minister by the court, but neither of them was. Reauthorize the general to protect the army and drive them away. Faced with the persuasion of Yin Hao, the secretariat of Yangzhou, Wang Xizhi wrote back to express his intention: "I have no ambition to build galleries and temples ... If I am driven away, Guan Long and Ba Shu will leave without hesitation. Although I don't have the ability to specialize in it, I insist on advancing with the times and promoting the greatness of the country ... If I have no doubt, I should do it in early winter, but I will be prepared. " ,
"Xi's worship of the army, but also for Xuancheng County (Xuancheng County, Shanxi, now Xuancheng, Anhui). He was not allowed, but he thought that the general of the right army would check the internal history. "
As can be seen from the above historical data, Wang Xizhi's desire to make a difference in the border areas such as Guanlong and Bashu has not been realized. Instead, he hopes to leave the imperial court and do some practical things in the local area without the permission of the imperial court, and then he will become a general of the right army and take a look at the internal history. Two pieces of historical data make us think: what does Wang Xizhi mean by "doubt" if you don't worry about me? That is, what will the court suspect? What is the reason for Xuancheng County's retirement?
Wang Xizhi's family, Wang Langya, was a scholar-bureaucrat in the Western Jin Dynasty. "Wang Xizhi's words are few, and Stuart's words are from the son ... Father Kuang, Huainan Taishou, crossing the river, and he is arrogant and creative." The Jin Emperor "started to build a town (Nanjing) at the beginning of Yongjia in Wang Dao", and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was established, with Wang Dao as the prime minister. It can be seen that the Wang family at that time was an aristocratic family that could exert influence on state affairs. The Book of Jin records Wang Dao, Wang Shu (guided by his younger brother), Wang Kui (guided by his younger brother), Wang Dun (guided by his father and brother, trying to be good at government) and their descendants, but Wang Kuang is only slightly mentioned in the biography of his son Wang Xizhi. There is a saying: Wang Kuang led an army to Shanxi, and hundreds of soldiers were killed in the fierce battle, but Wang Kuang did not die in the battlefield and his whereabouts were unknown; His name has since disappeared from the history books (CCTV 10 channel: five thousand years of Chinese civilization? The birth of the book saint). In the ethical concept of China traditional culture, it is still the only choice for feudal officials and literati to die in the line of duty. Under such a heavy cultural background, no matter what the reason, an influential official did not die in battle, but his whereabouts are unknown. How can his descendants not be "suspected" by the rulers?
Yongjia crossed the south, foreign enemies invaded, and half of the country fell into the enemy. Scholars abandoned their homes and ran south, truly appreciating the grief of the country's destruction and death. The young Wang Xizhi was brought up by his uncle Wang Dao. Therefore, it is possible and inevitable that Wang Xizhi, who is famous for his physiognomy, is eager to establish a career in the frontier and wash away his father's shame.
On the one hand, Wang Xizhi hoped that the Northern Expedition of the Eastern Jin Dynasty would be successful. On the other hand, he also clearly saw the shortcomings of social politics and the emptiness of national strength, and it was not appropriate to rush to the Northern Expedition.
After the failure of Yin Hao's Northern Expedition, Wang Xizhi analyzed in "With Yin Haoshu": "Since the start of the army, people in and out of space have no foresight, including the bag to the plan, and they have exhausted their roots and their own plans ... Give up good words and make the world collapse." I hope the court can improve its politics: "People who are appointed as the monarch can be more equal to the sages of the DPRK and save their troubles and taxes."
In "It is not appropriate to discuss the current affairs of the Northern Expedition with Wang Hao of Huiji", he wrote: "If the Confucius Temple decides to fight a decisive battle, it is necessary to assess the situation and make sure to move it." "Today's work cannot be completed, but Li Jun's legacy is endless. Feeding grain thousands of miles away has been difficult since ancient times, but now it has been transported one after another, from Luo Xu in the west to the Yellow River in the north. Although the disadvantages of Qin politics are not so much. "
At that time, there was a famine in the southern region, and the "Xi Zhi" opened a warehouse to help the loan. However, the imperial court had a heavy tax service, especially Wu Hui. Every time there is an argument, there are many things to see. "
Wang Xizhi was worried about the corruption of official management in "A Letter with Xie An": "The warehouse supervisor stole the official rice and moved tens of thousands." "Nearly schools counties, all so. Yuyao is close to 100,000, and the country is empty. It is a pity. "
As can be seen from the above historical data, Wang Xizhi's way of being an official is to be honest, sober, pragmatic and urgent to save the people. However, in the political environment at that time, most of the aristocrats in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were partial to the south of the Yangtze River, did not strive for progress, and the country was unable to recover; Wang Xizhi is eager to do one thing but can't do it. The unspeakable sadness and helplessness can be imagined.
What happened at home made Wang Xizhi extremely sad and angry. In the "Funeral Post", he wrote: "The beginning of Xi is very chaotic, first there is a tomb, then there is tea poison", "What can I do to hurt his heart!" "Feel choked up in the paper, don't know what to say. Xi nodding is nodding. "China has an ethical and cultural tradition of worshipping ancestors and ghosts and gods since ancient times, and the graves of ancestors have been repeatedly destroyed, which is an intolerable destruction and shame to the family and future generations!
"Sobbing on paper" in Mourning Zhi and "Wen Ai" in Preface to Lanting Collection are not only the neat symmetry and echo of sentence patterns, but also the sound and generation of Wang Xizhi's inner grief and indignation.
The Lanting gathering in Yonghe in the ninth year was the first gathering after Wang Xizhi became a civil servant for two years, and it was also the only Lanting gathering organized in his life. March 30th, which originated in the Warring States Period, is not only a ceremony to pray for disaster relief in Jin Dynasty, but also a festival and ceremony to welcome the return of ancestors' souls. At this time, the national strength of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was declining day by day, and it was unable to make the Northern Expedition. Wang Xizhi's position has become very subtle. Deeply disappointed with the current situation, coupled with the personnel conflict in officialdom, Wang Xizhi, who is known for his backbone, is ashamed of being wronged by others and subject to others. After the "Shi Tomb", Yu Yonghe resigned for eleven years and returned to the landscape, leaving the officialdom forever with his grief, disappointment, regret and helplessness. However, times have created a great calligrapher for the history of China's calligraphy.
Artistic Value of Calligraphy in Preface to Lanting Collection
Lantingxiu, Qushui, the prosperity of the scribes, the world is fascinated. Wang Xizhi deeply realized the interest of life in the beauty of personnel, scene and landscape, immersed himself in the realm of profound selflessness, and wrote the preface to Lanting Collection in one go, and asked his family to pass it on from generation to generation and become a masterpiece.
Since the Jin Dynasty, calligraphy masters and researchers all over the world have commented that Lanting calligraphy was constructed by the law of beauty. Every part of his characters has been filtered and infiltrated by wisdom, and the true state of the characters has been fulfilled.
"The horizontal paintings in Preface to Lanting Collection have exposed front, frontal front, bowed head, downward, upward and side by side; Side by side, the strokes, inclination, thickness and length of each stroke have unexpected changes, which are beautiful. "
"There are more than ten kinds of writing points in the preface to Lanting Collection: oblique point, front point, curved point, flat point, long point, hook point, left and right point, up and down point, two point, three point, horizontal point, right point, etc ... They all have their own forms and are full of interest. Such as rushing thunder and falling rocks, flying beasts crying, dancing snakes, mountain peaks falling on the shore ... wonderful as nature, reaching the realm of artificial arrangement. "
What people praise most is the different meanings of the word "zhi": The Lanting Ji written by He in the Tang Dynasty: "Anyone who repeats words has different styles, among which the word" zhi "is the most, but it is only twenty words. No one is the same. " In the Song Dynasty, Mi Fei praised Preface of Tiyonghui Copying Lanting: "There are 28 lines and 300 words, and the word' Zhi' is the same at most."
Emperor Taizong praised: "It is perfect, but Wang Yi is few! Looking at the slow work and the fine work, it was beautifully cut and the smoke was exposed. If it is broken, it will be connected, the phoenix will be flat, and the situation will be oblique and straight. "
The preface to Lanting Collection has profound artistic conception, which is the harmonious unity of various beautiful qualities.
Preface to Lanting Collection is the best. After Wang Xizhi woke up from a hangover, "I can't reach hundreds of books every day." As the same person, the rewriting of Preface to Lanting is no longer wonderful, because the beauty of "* * * vibration point" has passed away, that is, "things move with the times." Therefore, the first volume of Preface to Lanting Collection was hailed as a masterpiece of calligraphy and became the emperor of Mo.
The preface of calligrapher Shen Lanting is "At that time, leisure was the essence of nature". Heaven is perfect, heaven is perfect. It reveals that the creation of artistic conception of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is the crystallization of the inspiration and sparks accumulated by calligraphers for many years and the collision with time, characters, emotions and environment, which is beyond others' reach. For thousands of years, countless calligraphers and scholars have tirelessly interpreted the artistic conception of the calligraphy of Preface to Lanting Collection, but they have not reached the level of poverty. The artistic conception of calligraphy in Preface to Lanting Collection has become a maze of calligraphy wisdom for future generations to explore and argue endlessly.
"Books are like people, and the heart is right." . Wang Xizhi used calligraphy art to awaken national pride and pride. From Emperor Taizong to Emperor Qianlong, emperors of all dynasties collected Wang Xizhi's calligraphy works. Wang Xizhi's calligraphy art has become a tangible spirit of the Chinese nation.
The preface to Lanting Collection in Tang Dynasty's exposition about "Xiao Yi's income, Zhaoling's martyrdom, flowing into a painting" cast a mysterious color on Lanting Collection. Numerous stories and legends have been created around the existence of the original preface to Lanting Collection. However, no matter what version of the romance is, since Emperor Taizong was buried in Zhaoling, the original Preface to Lanting Collection has disappeared from China. What future generations see is a replica! Now Zhaoling has lost all its cultural relics and become an empty grave!
Today, thousands of years later, as "viewers", we are faced with "Preface to Lanting Collection", which is not "mourning the article and feeling gentle"!
transfer
Yonghe nine years, years old in guǐ ugly, early spring, will be in Huiji (kuài jī: and) Shan Ye Lanting, studying. A group of smart people never miss, but some of them are long and salty. There are mountains, lush forests and bamboos, as well as clear streams and fast-flowing water (tuān), which are reflected around. Thought that music (shāng) flows and water (qū) sits beside it. Although it is not as prosperous as the string of silk and bamboo, a song (Shang) is enough to say your feelings.
Today is a sunny day, sunny and sunny. Looking up at the size of the universe and overlooking the variety, what you see and hear is enough. I believe in coke.
Ladies, lifelong pitch. Or talk arm in arm in one room; Or because of consignment, wandering outside (hái). Although fun (qǔ) is different from peace, when it is happy with what it encounters, it will temporarily benefit itself, and it will be self-sufficient without knowing the arrival of old age. What he is tired of is that his feelings move with the times, and his feelings are (X). I'm happy about it. It's a thing of the past between pitches, so I still have to be happy about it. The situation is short-lived, and it will end in the end. The ancients said, "Life and death are great." It hurts!
Every time we look at the reason why people in the past are excited, if they unite, they must worship the words, not hold them in their arms. Knowing that a dead life is a false birthday, Peng Qi's destruction (shāng) is a mistake. Looking back today is still looking back on the past, sad husband! So when people line up, they are recorded. Although the world is different, pregnancy is a good thing. Later visitors will also be impressed by Sven.
brief introduction
On the third day of March in the ninth year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 353), 41 people, including Wang Xizhi, Xie An and Sun Chuo, were in Lanting (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province), each with his own poems, which were compiled as Preface to Lanting Collection, and Wang Xizhi wrote a preface for it, which was called Preface to Lanting Collection. The preface narrates the beauty of the landscape around Lanting and the joy of gathering, and expresses the author's feelings of impermanence of life and death. The Handed down Book of Fattie, with 28 lines and 324 words, is his masterpiece at the age of 50, with perfect composition, structure and brushwork. Later generations commented that "the font of the right army has changed. Its heroic spirit is natural, so it is considered to be a model from ancient times to the present. " Therefore, calligraphers of all ages regarded Preface to Lanting as "the best running script in the world". "Dragon Book" is the most famous ink in the Tang Dynasty. It was named "Lanting Dragon Book" because it was printed with the name of Feng Chengsu during the reign of Emperor Taizong. This book is well written, and its brushwork, ink style, style and charm are all reflected. It is recognized as the best copy. Stone carving is the first to promote the "fixed object book" According to Guo Moruo's textual research, the second half of the Preface to Lanting handed down from ancient times has nothing in common with Wang Xizhi's thoughts, and the calligraphy style is also different from the epitaph of the Eastern Jin Dynasty unearthed in recent years, which is suspected to be wrongly entrusted by Sui and Tang Dynasties. But some people disagree. Preface to Lanting shows the highest realm of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy art, and the author's bearing, spirit, mind and feelings are fully displayed in this work. The ancients said that Wang Xizhi's cursive script is like "the breeze comes out of the sleeve and the next month comes into my arms", which is a wonderful metaphor. The world also often uses Cao Zhi's Ode to the Goddess of Luo: "If you are amazing, if you are graceful, if you are secluded, you will be brilliant, and Hua Mao is full of autumn flowers and spring flowers. It seems that if the moon is covered by light clouds, it will float like the wind flowing back to snow. " Praise the beauty of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. Legend has it that Wang Xizhi practiced calligraphy hard when he was a child. After a long time, the pool water used to clean the brush turned black.