Eunuchs in the Eastern Han Dynasty The Eastern Han Dynasty is one of the most rampant periods of eunuchs in China's history, and its characteristics are quite obvious, that is, eunuchs gradually strengthened their power in the struggle between the emperor and consorts, and then controlled state affairs. Eunuch autocracy in the Eastern Han Dynasty began when he ascended the throne at the age of ten. Since then, the emperors of the Eastern Han Dynasty have acceded to the throne at a young age, among which the youngest Shang emperor has just turned 100 days when he acceded to the throne, and Huan emperor is older when he acceded to the throne, but he is only fifteen years old. Whenever the little emperor came to power, because he was young and ignorant, state affairs were often in the hands of his mother, and her mother often relied on her consorts for power, which led to the situation that consorts were authoritarian. When the emperor grows up, he naturally wants to take power in person, which will inevitably form a conflict of interest with his consorts. In the struggle between the emperor and his consorts, because the emperor was lonely in his childhood, he could rely on eunuchs who lived together day and night. Once eunuchs helped the emperor gain power, they would be proud of themselves and monopolize the government. Eunuchs became more rampant in the Eastern Han Dynasty after Emperor Huan destroyed Liang Ji Group. From this to the demise of the Eastern Han Dynasty, eunuchs were authoritarian and good at politics, repelling dissidents and repeatedly creating party struggles, which not only ruined the political affairs, but also deepened the political darkness.
Liang Ji was a famous concubine in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. His two sisters were both made queens, and Emperor Chong, Emperor Zhi and Emperor Huan were made emperors by Ji Liang. Liang Ji dominates state affairs and the world, and his arrogance is beyond words. Instead, the emperor became a puppet without power. After Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, as he grew older, he tried his best to get rid of his embarrassing situation and made an alliance with five eunuchs, including Tang Heng, Shan Chao and Huang Xu, and decided to get rid of Liang Ji. With the support of the emperor, Tang Heng, Shan Chao and other five people carefully planned and mobilized more than a thousand people to surround Liang Ji's residence in lightning speed. Liang Ji and his wife committed suicide for fear of committing crimes, and most of their family members and party guests were killed. Shan Chao, Tang Heng, Huang Xu, Juyuan, etc. In one day, they were awarded the title of Marquis, because they contributed to the killing of Liang Ji. The number of food cities ranged from 20,000 to13,000. At that time, they were called "five marquis", and they monopolized state affairs.
In the next few years, the "Five Marquis" were crony, and most of their relatives and clansmen were promoted, but they also rejected dissidents and did whatever they wanted by virtue of their power. For example, a nephew took a fancy to Li's woman. After being rejected, he led an official into the Li family, snatched the female opera and shot it. Yellow floating in the East China Sea was dealt with according to law, but was punished by Emperor Huan. The "five emperors" are becoming increasingly powerful and arrogant, thus posing a threat to imperial power. Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty took advantage of the crimes committed by his brother Ji, aggravated the punishment, and was demoted as a township official, so Shan Chao, Tang Heng and others were implicated and demoted one after another, and the Five Emperors came to an end.
After the Five Emperors fell from power, Hou Lan, Su Kang and Guan Yu became a new round of hot eunuchs. They, like the five emperors, control state affairs, exploit the people and practise cronyism. The eunuchs' relatives and their henchmen occupy all levels of official positions from the central government to the local government, and most students and local Confucian scholars are blocked in their career promotion, and their political affairs are getting darker and darker. At that time, people said: "Give a scholar, don't know books, take an examination of filial piety, and live apart from his father." The cold element is as pure as mud, and the highest soldier is as timid as a chicken. "
Faced with the situation of eunuch's autocratic power, headed by honest officials Mars and Chen Fan, a trend of "talking openly" was formed to discuss current affairs and evaluate figures, and a struggle was launched with eunuch groups. Mars was a captain in Li Si at that time. Zhang Shuo, the younger brother of eunuch Zhang Rang, was greedy and took pleasure in killing pregnant women. Mars arrested him and put him to death. The eunuchs were afraid of Mars's power, so they restricted their behavior a lot, and even dared not leave the palace when they were on vacation. However, this heartless eunuch naturally won't stop there, but has been looking for opportunities to get rid of Mars, a thorn in the side. In the ninth year of Yan Xi (AD 166), Zhang Chengzong, a warlock from Henan, killed him, and Mars put him to death. Rizo used to read divination for Emperor Huan, which was closely related to eunuchs. Zhang Cheng's disciples colluded with eunuchs, falsely accused Mars of colluding with Imperial College and slandering the imperial court. Emperor Huan was furious and ordered the arrest of more than 200 people, including Mars, and offered a reward for catching Mars's henchmen all over the country. Eunuchs took the opportunity to publish personal grievances and arrest good citizens, and at that time people inside and outside the court were in panic. However, some "party member" came uninvited to support Mars and others. Qiu Chenfan was dismissed by the emperor because he wrote a letter complaining about Mars. Dou Wu, a surname of the city gate, Shangshu and others also wrote to intercede for Mars. Under pressure, Emperor Huan pardoned more than 200 people in A.D. 167, but he was imprisoned in the village for life and was not allowed to be an official. This is the first time in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
In the first year of Yongkang (AD 167), Dou Taihou and his father Dou Wu acceded to the throne after the death of Emperor Huan of Han Dynasty. At that time, Emperor Ling was only 13 years old, and Dou Taihou faced the imperial system with the support of General Dou Wu and Teacher Chen Fan. Dou Wu and Chen Fan hated eunuch autocracy, so they plotted to eradicate eunuchs. With the support of Dou Taihou, they killed Guan Yu and Su Kang, eunuchs who were authoritarian in North Korea. Dou Wu was going to get rid of the big eunuch Cao Jie and others, but because of the secret, the eunuchs knew. With a genial smile, Cao Jie and others quickly led people into the palace to hijack Emperor Han Ling and Dou Taihou, and sent troops to capture Dou Wu by false decree. Doo-woo quickly avoided the barracks. Eunuchs Cao Jie, Wang Fu and others gathered thousands of soldiers and horses to besiege Dou Wu, and finally killed Dou Wu, his relatives and friends and guests, and Dou Taihou was jailed. When Chen Fan learned that Cao Jie and other eunuchs had killed Dou Wu, regardless of old age and infirmity, he called more than 80 officials and students to rush into Cheng Mingmen with knives, and was met by Wang Fu, the eunuch who was chasing Dou Wu back to the palace. Chen Fan was killed because he was outnumbered.
After Dou Wu and Chen Fan were killed, eunuchs were promoted to official positions, which completely controlled the political affairs in the Eastern Han Dynasty. When Emperor Ling ascended the throne, he was young and ignorant and was in charge of eunuchs. As an adult, he indulged in pleasure and wealth, which the eunuchs liked very much. The chaos and corruption in state affairs can be imagined. Eunuch Houlan's mother and family committed many evils in her hometown of Shandong, and James Zhang, a famous scholar in Shandong, wrote a letter to impeach her. Houlan was furious and instigated rogue Zhu to falsely accuse 24 people of forming a party in the same county, plotting to rebel. The Spirit Emperor of unknown so sent a letter to hunt down James Zhang and others. James Zhang was taken in by many people on the way to escape, and then successfully left the fort. Eunuchs took this opportunity to seize James Zhang party member, and all those who helped James Zhang escape were included in the ranks of party member, and many people were implicated.
Mars survived the first party incident in James Zhang, endured the pain calmly without the advice of relatives and friends, died in prison after being arrested, and all his children and relatives were dismissed. In addition, 100 many officials and celebrities, such as Du Mi and Yu Fang, were wrongly killed, and as many as 600 people were exiled, imprisoned and killed. Later, eunuchs made waves to kill party member several times, and party member's prisons spread all over the country, which resulted in the second disaster of Party occlusion in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Since then, the rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty under the control of eunuchs has become even darker. Courtiers wrote to accuse eunuchs of scheming, but the fatuous Emperor Han Ling didn't know what "evil" was. The spirit emperor was surrounded by twelve courtiers, including Zhang Rang and Zhong Zhao, who were called "Ten Regular Attendants". They took part in previewing and reading the official seal, leading the court affairs, but the Emperor Ling was willing to be subject to eunuchs and openly said, "It's my husband, it's my mother." The emperor and eunuchs exploited the people together, sold officials and titles, and became increasingly corrupt in political affairs, which eventually led to the Yellow Scarf Uprising in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
Overview of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589) The Northern and Southern Dynasties were a split period in China's history after the Jin Dynasty, which began in 420 AD and ended in 589 when the Northern Sui Dynasty wiped out the Southern Chen, *** 169.
In 420 AD, Emperor Wudi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty abolished the independence of the Eastern Jin Emperor, with the title Song. From then on 160 years, the south experienced four dynasties, namely Song Dynasty, Qi Dynasty, Liang Dynasty and Chen Dynasty, which was always called the Southern Dynasty in history.
In 386 AD, Tuoba GUI, the leader of Tuoba Department, established the Northern Wei Dynasty; In 439 AD, the Yellow River Basin was unified. At the beginning of the 6th century, Northern Wei was divided into Eastern Wei and Western Wei. Since then, the Eastern Wei Dynasty has been replaced by the Northern Qi Dynasty. Western Wei Dynasty was replaced by Northern Zhou Dynasty. Historically, the five dynasties in the north have always been called the Northern Dynasties. Some scholars regard the Sui Dynasty as a dynasty in the Northern Dynasty.
[Edit this paragraph] Southern Dynasties
In the south, although it has experienced four regime changes, namely, the Southern Qi Dynasty, the Southern Qi Dynasty and the Chen Dynasty, the capital of the Southern Dynasties has been built in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) except that Emperor Liang Yuan established Jiangling as its capital for three years. Liu Song Dynasty (420-479) was one of the largest, strongest and longest-lived regimes in China, which lasted ***59 years after four generations and eight emperors. Nanqi (479-502) only had a short period of 23 years. However, due to frequent wars and killings, it experienced three generations and seven emperors, and an emperor changed every three years on average, which was an extremely rapid emperor change in China history. The Liang Dynasty (502-557) experienced three generations and four emperors, among which Emperor Xiao Yan enjoyed the longest time in the country, nearly half a century. Chen (557-589) reigned for 33 years and experienced three generations and five emperors. Finally, he died at the hands of the Sui Dynasty.
Song: In 420 AD, Emperor Wu of Song abolished Di Chin's independence, and the country was named Song. In order to distinguish it from the Song Dynasty established by Zhao Kuangyin in later generations, historians call it "Liu Song". Because Emperor Wu of Song was born in poverty and saw the lesson of the collapse of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he no longer reused the noble family after he became king. Most of its employees were born in poverty, and the military power was mainly given to their own princes, so they did not repeat the mistakes of the big clan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. However, due to the warlord's struggle for power and profit, he eventually killed each other, which was unexpected by Emperor Wu of Song. In 422, Emperor Wu of Song died, and Emperor Wen acceded to the throne one after another. From 425, the thirty years of Liu Wendi Yilong was the most prosperous period of the Song Dynasty, when the economy and culture of the south really developed. However, Liu Wendi Emperor Yi Long was overjoyed and ordered the Northern Expedition. Both northern expeditions failed. Instead, Emperor Tuoba Tao of the Northern Wei Dynasty seized the opportunity to return to the north bank of the Yangtze River with key cavalry groups. At this point, the strategic advantage of the South was completely lost. During this period, Wei in Song Dynasty and Northern Dynasty suffered heavy losses, although each had its own victories and defeats. However, compared with the Northern Dynasties, the Southern Dynasties suffered more losses and more defeats, and the Southern Army was unable to compete for the Central Plains, so it turned to the strategic defense stage. However, the Northern Dynasties soon fell into numerous domestic contradictions. Soon, the Northern Wei Emperor Wu Tai was assassinated by eunuchs. At this point, both the north and the south are unable to have another war. Since then, the north and south have been relatively stable. In 453 AD, Wendi was killed by Shao. After the death of Emperor Wen, Emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty, Emperor Ming of Song Dynasty, Emperor Abolition before Song Dynasty and Emperor Abolition after Song Dynasty successively proclaimed themselves emperors, but all four were famous tyrants. Not only were they suspicious of the generals, but brothers also killed each other, and politics was once chaotic. During this period, Xiao Daocheng, the secretariat of Southern Yanzhou, took advantage of the political chaos and formed a powerful force. In 479, Xiao Daocheng destroyed the Song Dynasty and established the State of Qi. At this point, the Song Dynasty was declared dead.
Qi: Qi existed in the four dynasties for the shortest time, only 23 years. Xiao Daocheng, the Emperor of Qi, learned the lesson from the demise of the Song Dynasty and advocated frugality based on generosity. He was in power for four years, and before he died, he asked his son Emperor Wu to continue to rule his policy and not to kill each other. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty continued to rule the country according to his own will, which led to a relatively stable development stage of the Southern Dynasties. After the death of Liang Wudi, the Emperor of Qi embarked on the old road of the demise of the Song Dynasty. They killed their brothers, relatives and uncles one after another. By the time they were unconscious in the East, they almost executed all the ministers in the DPRK because of their suspicion. In this way, Qi moved passively again. In 50 1 year, Xiao Yan, the secretariat of Yongzhou, attacked Jiankang, ending the rule of Qi.
Liang: The founder of Liang Dynasty, good at literature. In 499, he was appointed as the secretariat of Yongzhou. He took advantage of the civil strife in Qi, sent troops to seize the throne and established the Liang Dynasty. Xiao Yan was Liang Wudi, who reigned for forty-eight years. During the reign of Liang Wudi, Wei in the north had declined and could no longer pose a threat to the south. This should have been a great opportunity for the development of the south, but Emperor Wu was incompetent and connived at the minister's exploitation of the people, but he ignored the suggestions of some loyal ministers on the pretext of his frugality. In 548 AD, Hou Jing, the general of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, surrendered to Liang. He regarded Xiao, the son of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, as his close friend and attacked Liang. The following year, Hou Jing captured Taicheng. At this point, Liang Wudi had already starved to death in the city, and his son Xiao Gang acceded to the throne as Emperor Liang Jianwen. In 55 1 year, Hou Jing was killed, and Liang was completely on the verge of collapse. In 552 AD, the Western Wei Dynasty conquered Jiangling by Yang Zhong of Yuwen Hu, and captured and executed Xiao Yi, the Emperor of Liang Yuan. At this point, the Southern Dynasties in the traditional sense have perished. In 557 AD, developed in the war with Hou Jing, Liang was destroyed and Chen was established. At this point, Liang declared his demise.
Chen: In 557 AD, Liang Jingdi was abolished and Chen Wei was established. At this time, after years of war in southern China, the economy was severely damaged. The country established on this basis is doomed to be short-lived. Chen Wudi and his successors, Wendi and Xuan Di, successively wiped out Wang Sengbian, Wang Monk and other opposition forces, and defeated the Beiqi army near Jiankang. The territory of the Chen Dynasty was the widest when the city was built in Yitai (569 ~ 582). Five years after Tai Jian, Northern Qi was conquered, including Dehe, Nansi, Hengba, Luo, Chen Ding, Yang, Huo, He, Jiang, Xichu, Dongguang, Huai, Jing, Nanqiao, Dongjiu, Guang, Jian, Qiao, Ren, Tong, An, Shuo, Qing and Ji. Chen's rule has been consolidated to a certain extent, but after all, due to the decline of national strength. In the history of China, only Chen in the Southern Dynasties overlapped with the surname of the emperor. In 583 AD, Emperor Chen died. His son Chen acceded to the throne. At this time, the north was unified by the Sui Dynasty, and national reunification was just around the corner. In 589 AD, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen, ending the division of China for nearly 300 years.
The history of the Southern Dynasties is the history of the gentry from prosperity to decline. The imperial power in the Southern Dynasties was relatively strong. Although the gentry had a noble social status, they could not completely control the political situation. With the development of Jiangnan, the indigenous cold people gradually rose politically and stepped into the bureaucratic class, which was relied on by the emperor. From the era of Liang and Chen, local tyrants in the southern mainland have also become a separatist force.
The Southern Dynasty was a court established by the Han nationality in the south after the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Although their existence is only a few decades, their rule as the Han nationality has preserved and developed the Han culture. Therefore, the Southern Dynasties played an important role in the history of China and made great contributions to the development of China civilization.
Northern Dynasties
In the late 16th National Congress, Tuoba, an extremely backward minority, gradually became stronger. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 386, Tuoba GUI, Emperor Daowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, has attached great importance to Chinese culture. Soon, his pro-Han measures defeated Hou Yan, entered the Central Plains, and after the establishment of the Northern Wei regime (386-534), he eliminated the separatist forces and unified the north, ending the long-term melee in northern China. Northern China began to enter the Northern Dynasties.
According to the habit of historians, in 439 AD, Emperor Tuoba Tao of the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the North, which is usually considered as the first year of the Northern Dynasty.
Founded 150 years ago, the Northern Wei Dynasty experienced nine dynasties 12 emperors, which was the most influential dynasty in the history of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
In 423 1 1 month, Tuoba Tao, the ancestor of the Northern Wei Dynasty (later Emperor Taizu of posthumous title) ascended the throne. During his unification of the north, the north has gradually begun to restore productivity, and the people of the Central Plains also tend to the Northern Wei Dynasty. Emperor Mao was very good at using cavalry. He led light cavalry to attack the desert many times, defeated Rouran and fled Rouxi. The latter became Alva who later shocked Europe. It destroyed Lian Xia, Beiyan and Beiliang, drove Tuguhun in the west out of the Central Plains, and unified the north.
In the early Northern Wei Dynasty, Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi) was the capital. Later, Emperor Xiaowen implemented sinicization on a large scale, and the political center was transferred to Luoyang, the hinterland of the Central Plains.
At the beginning of the northern Wei dynasty, the system of supervision and protection was implemented. Since the second half of the 5th century, its sinicization trend has accelerated, and Justin, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, created the golden age of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In 493 AD, Emperor Xiaowen moved to Luoyang. At the same time, Emperor Xiaowen changed the Tuoba family of Xianbei nationality to Yuan family. In addition, he also banned the use of Xianbei language and wearing Xianbei costumes, and issued a decree announcing the absorption of Chinese culture. Emperor Xiaowen tried to achieve the goal of integration with the Han nationality by limiting his own culture. Emperor Xiaowen implemented the three-long system, promulgated the system of equal land, moved the capital to Luoyang, and carried out a series of measures to reform the old customs of Xianbei. Through a series of reforms by Emperor Xiaowen, the advanced culture and political system of the Han nationality were completely integrated into the rule of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the northern part of China entered the stage of national integration.
After the death of Emperor Xiaowen, due to the opposition of some conservative nobles and Xianbei warriors. The rulers of the Northern Wei Dynasty gradually abandoned the previous policy of national reconciliation and restored the privileges of the Xianbei nationality, so new contradictions appeared and the Northern Wei Dynasty began to decline gradually. In the fourth year of Xiaoming (523), six towns revolted, and the Northern Wei Dynasty fell into division and civil war. Xianbei people, breathing the new features of China's history, gradually merged into the big family of the Chinese nation. Soon, even the surname of Xianbei people disappeared. However, Emperor Xiaowen's goodwill in looking forward to great national integration has carved an indelible monument in the historical corridor of the Chinese nation, showing the historical process of great national integration.
At the end of Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Gao Huan and Yu Wentai, two powerful ministers, divided the northern Wei region into two parts: the east and the west. Yecheng was the capital of the Eastern Wei Dynasty (534-550), which lasted for 1 and 16, and Chang 'an was the capital of the Western Wei Dynasty (535-556). After san huang, he enjoyed the country for 22 years. The Eastern and Western Wei Dynasties were replaced by Northern Qi Dynasty (550-577) and Northern Zhou Dynasty (557-58 1). The Northern Qi Dynasty was a political power established by Xianbei Han nationality. It was founded 28 years ago and has gone through three generations and six emperors. In 577 AD, the Zhou Dynasty perished and the north was reunified. The Northern Zhou Dynasty was ruled by Yuwen Xianbei people, which lasted for 24 years and consisted of three generations and five emperors. In 58 1 year, Emperor Wendi, the consort of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, abolished Jingdi's independence and changed his name to Sui, becoming Wendi, and the Northern Dynasty ended. Finally, the Northern Sui Dynasty (also called the Northern Sui Dynasty before reunification) destroyed the Southern Dynasties and unified China. The Northern and Southern Dynasties are over.
The promotion of Han culture in the Northern Dynasties laid the foundation for the prosperity of Sui and Tang Dynasties and played a very important role in the history of China.
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, a new religion spread and developed rapidly, which was Buddhism introduced into China from the Han Dynasty. Xianbei people believe in Buddhism and spread all over the country. Buddhism, which occupies an important position in the history of China civilization, laid the foundation around the Northern Wei Dynasty. During this period, people's belief in Bodhisattva was very popular. People believe that they don't need to practice by themselves, but they can cross over by asking the Bodhisattva for help. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, with the spread of Buddhism, the development of Buddha statues, murals, grottoes and temples also made unprecedented progress. Therefore, there are many statues of temples and grottoes all over the world, among which the Thousand Buddha Cave in Dunhuang, Yungang Grottoes, Longmen Grottoes and Maijishan Grottoes have become the treasures in the treasure house of China sculpture art, and then new sects such as Tantric Buddhism and Zen Buddhism have been added to Buddhism. Until today, Buddhism, like Taoism and Confucianism, has been deeply rooted in China.
In addition, literature and art developed in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. With the appearance of landscape poems, the long-standing painting tradition of expressing characters began to change, and landscape scenery also became the content of painting. In the Southern Dynasties, there were many painters who were famous for their figure paintings, and some people painted landscapes that were "a stone's throw away, away from Wan Li". The Catalogue of Ancient Paintings, written by Sheikh of Southern Qi Dynasty, studies the painting theory. The "six methods" summarized by him are not limited to figure painting, which has a great influence on later generations. There were also many famous calligraphers in the Southern Dynasties. Qian Zi Wen, written by Wang Xizhi's descendant and Chen Rushui's monk Zhiyong, is a famous relic of the Southern Dynasties that can be seen today. Li Daoyuan's Notes on the Water Mirror and Jia Sixie's The Book of Qi Yao Min have both become classics handed down from generation to generation.
The Southern Dynasties also made great achievements in science. Zu Chongzhi, a native of Song and Qi Dynasties, was the first person in the world to make the pi accurate to seven digits after the decimal point, that is, between 3. 14 15926 and 3. 14 15927. During the Southern Dynasties, the calendar and steelmaking technology were improved. In medicine and pharmacology, Tao Hongjing has made remarkable contributions, and his "Elbow Queen" is widely circulated and has far-reaching influence.
Since the demise of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Northern and Southern Dynasties have become one of the few periods of division between the North and the South in China's history. Although its formation caused the stagnation of economic development, since the Eight Kings Rebellion, the land of the Central Plains has been in constant melee, and the powers of the sixteen countries have been constantly attacking and attacking. The great ethnic integration in the Yellow River Basin formed after the Northern Dynasties unified the North and ruled the Central Plains is unprecedented in the history of China. It is under this condition that all ethnic groups in northern China gradually assimilated into the Han nationality and eventually became the same nation. It is this role that has laid a good foundation for China to become a unified country in the future. Therefore, we say that the division of the Northern and Southern Dynasties has played an extremely important role in accelerating national reunification and is an indispensable link in the development of the Chinese nation.
[Edit this paragraph] lineage of the Northern and Southern Dynasties
From 420 to 479, the lineages of the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty were established by Emperor Wu Jiankang.
Xiao Daocheng Jiankang, 479 -502, was a Qi family in the Southern Dynasties.
During the Southern Dynasties, the beam system was established from 502 to 557.
Chen in the Southern Dynasties was a health worker from 557 to 589.
The lineage of the Northern Wei Dynasty was from 386 to 534, when Tuoba Gui was in Pingcheng (in 439, Tuoba Tao unified the North as the beginning of the Northern Dynasty).
From 534 to 550 AD, Yuan Shan met Ye in the Eastern Wei lineage of the Northern Dynasties.
The lineage of the Northern Dynasties and the Western Wei Dynasty was Yuan Baoju Chang 'an in 535 -557.
From 550 to 577, the lineage of the Northern Dynasties and the Northern Qi Dynasty.
557 -58 1 year, Chang 'an, Yuwen Jue, Northern Dynasties and Northern Zhou Dynasty.
The lineage of the Northern and Southern Dynasties is 58 1 -6 17 Chang 'an and Sui Wendi.