After Jian 'an, Taikang literature flourished for a while, with many writers' works. Zuo Si, a native of Linzi in the State of Qi, has the highest achievement and the greatest influence.
Zuo Si's works are only three and fourteen, among which Sandu Fu and Yong Shi are his representative works. Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long Cai lue" comments: "Zuo Si is a genius, his career is profound and thoughtful, sharper than the three capitals, and he is outstanding in" Yong Shi "." Sandu Fu is the crystallization of Zuo Si's hard work and painstaking efforts. When he was in Linzi, his hometown, he began to conceive Sandu Fu, which praised the capitals of the Three Kingdoms. In 272 AD, his sister Zuo Fen was elected to the harem of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, and the whole family moved to Luoyang. Zuo Si ignored the criticism and ridicule of celebrities at that time, took advantage of the opportunity of being a doctor, continued to conduct extensive social surveys, collected as much information as possible about the prosperity of the capitals of the Three Kingdoms, and then closed the door to thank guests and conceived and created. After ten years of hard work, I finally finished the Sandu Fu. He went to visit Huangfu Mi, a famous person in Northwest China, and Huangfu Mi made a preface for him. At that time, Zhang Zai, a famous person, commented on it, and Wei Guan gave a brief explanation. Due to the punch line in Sandu Fu, there is a grand occasion of "luxury at home, but Luoyang paper is expensive" (Zuo Si Chuan in the Book of Jin).
The success of Sandu Fu made Zuo Si rank among Taikang literary circles, but what made him stand out in Taikang literary circles was his eight epic poems. Zuo Si was born in poverty and was not good at talking and making friends. Although he made a great wish of "whistling to stir the breeze, if there were no Wu Dong", the gate valve system made his wonderful plan difficult to realize. Arrogant and humble Zuo Si had to condense the deeply suppressed and excluded injustice into his own poems. He developed and created epic poems, and turned them into "poems for the bosom", such as "pine in the shade, leave seedlings on the mountain, and shade this hundred feet with one stalk." The world is Jun Gao, with natural terrain. Here, he compares himself to a pine tree at the bottom of the canyon. The gentry's children are like tender seedlings, while the tall people like pine trees are sheltered by tender seedlings. The reason for this is "topography", that is, the cremation system. He also criticized the social system that valued family and morality at that time, such as "cutting lead knives is expensive and dreaming of hiring good workers." "Look around Jiangxi and Hunan, and look around Hu Qiang. If it is successful, it will not be glorious, and it will be returned to Lu with a long donation. " Although the lead knife is not sharp, it can be used for cutting. Although my talent is not high, I have the desire to show my ambition. This poem not only expresses the author's ambition to make contributions, but also expresses his indignation at his lack of talent.
Zuo Si's "Ode to an Epic" has profound social content, which is of great value in today's era when the poetic world emphasizes rhetoric. His epic poems (Zhong Rong's "Ode to an Epic") come down in one continuous line with the Han and Wei Dynasties because of their warm feelings, high style, bold brushwork and unique style, and were called "works of a thousand years" by Shen Deqian in Qing Dynasty, which reflected Zuo Si's important position in the history of literature.
In the Jin Dynasty, with the shake of Confucianism and the appearance of metaphysics, the generosity in Jian 'an period changed into the nature-worship and easy-going of metaphysics. At that time, "everyone has character, not stick to one pattern", which is the famous Wei and Jin demeanor. The rise of metaphysics is considered as "the second philosophical era after the philosophers of China, Zhou and Qin". A major breakthrough in philosophy and aesthetics will inevitably bring about great prosperity and development of culture and art. Therefore, a calligraphy font with extraordinary charm and graceful demeanor has appeared in calligraphy art. Rainbow Xizhi, a "book saint", has a wonderful personality and character.
Wang Xizhi was born in Linyi, Langya, and later settled in Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Wang was one of the largest clans at that time, and Wang Xizhi himself was also a general of the right army, who recorded the internal history and was called "". He was not obsessed with being an official, and later claimed to be ill and resigned, focusing on calligraphy, poetry and prose. Wang Xizhi studied with his family when he was young, studied books at the age of seven, and read On Pen at the age of twelve. Under the guidance of his father, he made great progress. I learned it from Mrs Wei at first, and then I learned Zhang Zhi's cursive script and Zhong You's official script. He learned from others' strengths and made breakthroughs and improvements to the maximum extent, making it thoroughly remoulded, fresh and refined, and opening up a new artistic conception. Finally, his running script reached a superb level.
Wang Xizhi is straightforward and informal. When he was young, Jian wanted to marry the Wang family and sent his protege to Wang Dao's house to choose a son-in-law. Wang Dao's sons and nephews are concentrated in the east wing for people to choose from. When he got home, he told Chi Jian that the children of the Wangs were fine, and when they heard that they wanted to be son-in-law, they all looked serious. Only one person is eating in the east bed, as if he didn't hear anything. Hearing this, Chi Jian said happily that this man is the right son-in-law. It was later confirmed that this person was Wang Xizhi. Jin people admire nature and don't like affectation. Wang Xizhi is also a typical example. There is a portrait eulogy of Wang Xizhi in Wang Jinling Genealogy, which shows his radiant demeanor. The article "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Rong Zhi" says that he is "floating like a cloud and agile as a dragon", which is the highest level for Jin people to judge characters. His appearance and soul are harmonious, which is fully reflected in calligraphy. He not only wrote on the grass and letters, but also put the pen on his body and the rain was rushing; The running script of "beautiful and graceful, falling vertically and horizontally" is vividly played.
On the third day of March in the ninth year of Jin Yonghe (353), Wang Xizhi once again gave a banquet, and met with 42 comrades-in-arms and friends, such as Aiko, at Yinshan Lanting for a traditional ceremony. The beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers touched their heartstrings, and the simple and quiet nature was integrated with the minds of the wise. They marvel at lingering, drink and write poems, and enjoy themselves. Finally, Wang Xizhi is recommended as a preface to the collection of poems. On impulse, I suddenly thought of running away, and the bottom of my wrist seemed to be helped by God. With a wave of my hand, I wrote the Preface to Lanting Collection, which is unique in all documents. Preface to Lanting was praised as a masterpiece by later generations, and it was called the best running script in the world. It became a family heirloom of Wang and was loved by later generations.
Wang Xizhi's calligraphy was highly valued at that time. According to legend, a Taoist priest in Yinshan wanted Wang Xizhi's Mo Bao very much, but he was afraid of being rejected. Knowing that Wang Xizhi likes white geese, he tried his best to raise a flock. Once, Wang Xizhi passed by and saw those geese with white feathers and light posture, playing leisurely in the water. He likes it very much and wants to buy it. The Taoist said that if Wang Xizhi wrote the Tao Te Ching, he could change these white geese. After writing Xi, I changed back to White Goose. This is the story of "changing books for geese". On another occasion, Wang Xizhi met an old woman who sold bamboo fans. The woman hasn't sold fans for a long time. Wang Xizhi wrote five words on each of her fans, and the old lady opened her voice. As a result, each fan sold for100p, which was sold out in a short time.
After Wang Xizhi, his son Wang Xianzhi pushed calligraphy to a new height. Committed to inheriting his father's style in calligraphy, but he can transcend innovation and be unique. He is a grass worker and a servant, handsome, heroic and charming, which has a great influence on future generations. Later generations called Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi the "two kings".