"The tree must have roots; Mountains and rivers must have their sources. " The Chinese nation has always liked to trace its roots. This surname has been highly valued for thousands of years.
1 "Last name" and "Last name" were different at first.
"Surname" originated from matriarchal clan society and is a symbol of the family of the same female ancestor. "Shi" is a branch derived from surname, which appears in patriarchal society.
Zheng Qiao's "Tongzhi" in the Southern Song Dynasty said: "Those who have surnames were born in their ancestral homes; People, don't divide yourself by your children and grandchildren. " Generally speaking, emperors have surnames but no surnames, princes and doctors have surnames without surnames, and commoners and slaves have surnames without surnames.
With the development of history, in the Zhou Dynasty, surnames and surnames began to be confused; During the Warring States Period, surnames merged with surnames; In Qin and Han dynasties, surnames were unified, and civilians began to have surnames.
2
On the Nine Sources of Surnames
1. Take animals as surnames, such as dragons, phoenixes, cows, horses, etc.
2. Take state and place as surnames, such as Qi, Lu, Wu and Chu.
3. Take official positions as surnames, such as Sima, Shangguan, Hou, Shuai and Wei.
4. Take occupation as surname, such as Tao, Cang and Jia.
5. Take the characteristics of native place and residence as surnames, such as Dongguo, Ximen, Yang, Liu and Li.
6. Take the ancestors' words or names as surnames, such as concubines, and their descendants' surnames are Lin.
7. Take ancestral titles or posthumous title as surnames, such as Zhuang, Kang, Wu and Heng.
8. Take the second name as the surname, that is, take the ranking of brothers or relatives in the family as the surname, such as family granduncle, Ji Sun, second child, fifth child, etc.
9. Tribes belonging to matriarchal clans are surnames, and most of their surnames have the root of "female", such as Jiang, Ji and Si.
three
My ancestor is Fu.
According to legend, the first person with a surname in China was Fu, who was said to be "born because of the wind, so his surname was Feng". Fu is known as "the first" and "the ancestor of mankind".
In ancient times, it was inevitable that people lived together, mixed marriage and consanguineous marriage. Fu discovered this problem very early, so he "gave his surname, arranged it and got married" and stipulated that the same surname was not allowed to get married.
four
Sima Qian is the first person with mixed surnames.
Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty, described the evolution of the unification of surnames from ancient times to Qin and Han dynasties for future generations. For the characters in the pre-Qin period, his surname is clearly written in the book, but for the characters after the late Warring States period, his surname is mixed. For example, Qin Shihuang's surname was Zhao, and Emperor Gaozu's surname was Liu.
five
Enter the Buddha without a surname.
Do you know why "monks don't say their surnames"? It turns out that since I became a monk, I no longer use the name of a layman, but the dharma name given by Master. The surname is "Shi" of "Sakyamuni Buddha", collectively referred to as "Shi Shi".
six
Rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea are also surnames.
Chai Xing: It started from Jiangjia, which is more common in Shandong and Hubei.
Mi surname: derived from Mi surname. Calligrapher Mi Fei claimed to be a descendant of Chu in the pre-Qin period, and later changed to homophonic rice, which was mostly distributed in Hunan, Shanxi and other places.
Oil surname: The origin is unknown, which is more common in the Tang Dynasty and distributed in Shanxi, Shandong and Taiwan Province provinces.
Sauce surname: This is really rare. It is said that there are people surnamed Jiang in Taiwan Province Province.
Vinegar surname: unknown origin, Shaanxi and Sichuan have this surname.
Tea surname: This name has many origins. First, Emperor Yan was buried in Chaling, with this surname; Second, there is the Cha family after Qi Taigong; Third, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Qian Zong of Lu in Baoshan County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province was a tea family and belonged to the Yi people. Today, it is also found in Yunnan and Zhejiang.
seven
Orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, east, west, north, south or surname?
As we all know, Bai, Zhu, Bi, etc. Color is a surname, but so is rainbow color, red O.
Before the Warring States period, He was a symbol of the exclusive legal rights of the aristocratic class. Surnames are used to distinguish between nobility and inferiority, and surnames are used to distinguish marriage. As far as the whole family is concerned, the clan is real, but the surname is virtual, so men should "call their surname" to show their blood; Women "call their surnames by their first names" to prevent intermarriage among their peers.
At that time, it was taboo for men to call each other surnames, so we could call them Prince Wu and Prince Fafa, but "Ji Fa" and "Ji Chang" did not conform to the norms.
"Jiang Taigong" is not worthy of the name. His real name is Lu Shang, and Lu is his surname, which is his original official name. You can also call him "Shi" or "Tai" to show his position.
nine
There are more than one hundred surnames.
There were only dozens of ancient surnames in the pre-Qin period, and only about 500 surnames later. With the continuous development of society, surnames are constantly increasing or decreasing, but on the whole, they are on the rise.
In the Han Dynasty, Wang Fu's Historical Records and Ying Xun's On the Records of a Thousand Commandments each took five people's surnames.
Lin Bao collected 1404 surnames in the Tang Dynasty, ranging from 0755 to 79000.
In Song Dynasty, Deng collected 2 10 1 surnames from 0755 to 79000, 2288 surnames from 0755 to 79000, and Shao Si collected 2568 surnames from 0755 to 79000.
Ma Duanlin collected 3766 surnames of the Yuan Dynasty from 0755 to 79000.
In the Ming Dynasty, Ling Dizhi took 3557 surnames from 0755 to 79000, and Wang Qi took 657 surnames from 0755 to 79000.
In Qing Dynasty, Zhang Shu collected 5 129 surnames from 0755 to 79000.
20 10 The Customary Common Surnames written by Yuan Yida and Qiu contains the vast majority of China surnames in various historical periods in China, with the number of 238 13.
Last name is 6931; The compound surname and two-character surname are 9012; 4850 three-character surnames; There are 2276 four-character surnames; Five-character surname 541; The six-character surname is142; 39 seven-character surnames; There are 14 surnames; Nine words and seven surnames.
Curious, what is the nine-character surname? Then I looked it up, and it turned out to be: Wulan Han Ji Muerzi.
10
Longest surname
Do you think the nine-character surname is the longest? I miss it very much. There are also 10 surnames, 1 1 surnames, 12 surnames and 13 surnames.
At present, the longest known surname in China is: 17. Luna Lu was the only one who covered her mother's life in ancient times and told her about her bitterness, virtue and happiness.
1 1
mutable
Take astrometeorology as the surname: sky, sun, moon, star, wind, cloud, thunder, rainbow, sunset, snow, frost, dew and ice.
Topography is surname: land, mountain, sand, wasteland, island, shore, slope, ridge, river, ocean, canal, spring, pool, lake and sea.
Take human organs as surnames: head, ears, mouth, eyes, nose, tongue, teeth, eyebrows, hair, feet, body, bones, heart, gallbladder and skin.
Take poultry animals as surnames: horse, cow, sheep, dog, pig, duck, goose, tiger, bear, dragon, snake, deer, cat, insect, fish, bird, bird, pigeon and elephant.
Take flowers and plants as surnames: peach, plum, poplar, willow, pine, cypress, tung, plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, lotus, flower, fruit, leaf and root.
Take kinship terms as surnames: father, mother, brother, brother, uncle, husband, wife, aunt, uncle, mother, brother, sister, husband and son.
Taking cultural and educational instruments as surnames: pen, ink, paper, inkstone, piano, chess, book, painting, seal, fan, drum, pipe, flute, sheng and milli.
Take the military system as the surname: army, division, brigade, regiment, platoon, class, commander, school, commander, soldier, pawn and family.
Take time and space as surnames: spring, autumn, summer, winter, morning, noon, night, east, south, west, north, up, down, left and right.
Take heavenly stems and earthly branches as the surname: A, B, C, D, Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Wu, Shen, You, Xu and Hai.
Take numerical symbols as surnames: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred, thousand, ten, trillion.
Take place names as surnames: Dongyang, Changxing, Tushan, Jinyun, Changsha, Tangshan, Handan, Dangtu, Chenliu, Huayang and Huiji.
Take various colors as surnames: Zhu, Chi, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Purple, Black, White, Grey, Brown and Black.
Taking dynasty names as surnames: Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Shu, Wu, Jin, Sui, Tang, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing.