In order to facilitate the explanation, it is necessary to give several simple examples. On the one hand, we can understand the beauty of some ancient poetry, on the other hand, we can learn more about the face of ancient poetry.
The first thing is to write historical deeds into poems, without saying much, which can set off the worries and expressions of the people in the bureau and leave a deep impression on the readers. The following is Wang Wei's Yimen Song, which tells the story of Xin Lingjun and Hou Ying. (containing "Historical Records and Biographies of Xinlingjun")
There are still men and women in the Seven Kingdoms, so why attack the city and kill it? Qin was in a hurry to encircle Korea, but Wang Wei was not saved. Cyndi Wang drove into the city to visit relatives and friends, the more respectful, the more sexy, the more. The sea is a butcher; Won is from Yimen Pass. He not only generously gave his intelligence, but also gave his life and body, sending his son to a dead end. What does this 70-year-old man want
This poem is a typical poem of the Tang Dynasty, which is completely composed of historical records. There are no allusions or words, but the seventh and eighth sentences are carefully organized. After reading this, I feel the difference between prose and poetry. Fourteen words mean infinite sadness and desolation. Historical Records wrote such a long passage, but he only used fourteen words. The ancients said, "Flatter the horse first, catch the thief first." This is how poetry grasps the tendons. It is necessary to win more with less, and it is necessary for people to recite these words repeatedly so as not to forget them. As for the last two sentences, it is also a place that represents Hou Sheng and makes readers feel infinite. The whole article is complete from beginning to end, with clear levels and strict rhyme.
The second is to write "Embrace" in an ethereal and unique style. Take Cui Hao's poem The Yellow Crane Tower as an example.
The fairy of the past has flown away by the yellow crane, leaving only an empty Yellow Crane Tower. The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years. Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass. But I looked at my hometown, and the twilight was getting thicker, and the mist of sadness was filled on the river waves.
This poem is really a seven-tone poem, but only the fifth and sixth sentences are strict antitheses, while the first four sentences are just uttered in one breath, which is specious. That's the beauty. As soon as I want to see him on the Yellow Crane Tower, I will naturally express my feelings for the Yellow Crane Tower first. After that, I will look out and add some homesickness. It's also natural, as if you don't think, organize or work hard at all. The Yellow Crane Tower is said to be a relic of immortals, and his poems are "immortal-like". Therefore, after reading his poems, future generations dare not write poems on this topic. Only Huang Jingren, a young poet in Qing Dynasty, not only dared to write, but also used his own original rhyme. Now write it down for comparison.
I used to read the good sentences of Si Xun (referring to Cui Hao), but I have been wandering around our building in my dreams for ten years. In the end, the fairy dust was silent, and I sat on the cloud. The west wind is a wild goose near the water, and the sunset is a few sails and smoke outside the continent. If you want to lean on the flute, you can't worry.
This is similar in spirit, but after all, there can only be one good poem, not two.
Li Bai's "Phoenix Tower in Jinling" has the same style as Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower", and writes: "Phoenix once played here, hence its name, but now it has been abandoned in this deserted river. Martial arts flowers were laid on deserted paths, and the number of relatives and friends in the Jin Dynasty has become a famine. The mountains are shrouded in clouds, such as blue sky, and the river is divided into two. A cloud rises between the light of heaven and me, hiding his city from my melancholy heart. " Guo Gongfu also wrote a song in the Northern Song Dynasty. A poem says, "There is no phoenix tour on the high platform, but the Yangtze River flows into the sea. Go to the country with Qin Ge after the dance; The war-torn bones are still in the mountains. The wind shakes the setting sun to urge it to go, and the tide holds new sand for the old continent. There is nowhere to find a knot in spring (the name of two pavilions in Chen Houzhu), and weeds are worrying every year. "
The third is deep and delicate, taking Du Fu's Spring Rain as an example.
Good rain knows the season. When spring comes, it dives into the night with the wind. Silent, it moistens everything. The wild path is dark, and the river is bright. Look at the red and wet place, the flowers in Jinguancheng are heavy.
This is a description of the rain on a spring night, and it is greeted with joy. There is no such thing as leaving. This needs to be carefully understood and written in strict words to match this feeling. Look at the taste of spring rain written in the third and fourth sentences, expressing things that music and painting can't fully express. However, such a purely objective description is not poetry. There must be characters in the poem, and you can't put yourself on it stiffly. His fifth and sixth sentences were only revealed in a boat light in the dark on a rainy night. The so-called pen and ink is not much, and it is already coming out. This is a wonderful place. Wondering at this point, it seems that I can't say more. It would be silly to say it from the front, but he anticipated the scene tomorrow and stopped talking about rain, but said flowers after rain or after rain. (Because it is impossible to predict whether it will rain tomorrow) This gives us another enlightenment: it is not enough to play on the topic, and we must be able to come up with the topic before we can come down to it. This is the ingenuity of poetry. Therefore, reading more ancient poems can broaden our thinking and be unconventional and unconstrained.
The fourth category is about plain poems, taking Yuan Zhen's Regret for the Past as an example.
A long time ago, we joked that one of us would die. Come here now. The clothes you have worn have been given away, and I can't bear to open your sewing box. Because I miss you, I love girls very much, and many of your dreams, I will burn paper for you. This is the sorrow that all mankind must know. Poor couples decline for a hundred days.
Never has a poem written by a husband mourning his wife been so clear and simple. It's like talking, without any trace of organization, but it's neat. This kind of poem is the most touching. This is the special strength of Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. He said: "Everyone hates this", and this feeling is indeed shared by everyone. Because everyone has it, it stands out and becomes a good poem. But there are certain conditions for writing this kind of poem, and it must be true from the heart. Otherwise, it will appear shallow.
The fifth kind of poetry is travel notes, taking Han Yu's The Rock as an example.
The towering and steep rocks, narrow mountain roads like sheep intestines, and the dusk when bats are flying come to this temple. When I climbed the steps of the temple and sat down, there was a field soaked in rain. The rain made the branches and leaves of banana rough and the mountain was more beautiful. Monks told me that the ancient city walls were magnificent, lit by torches and looked sticky. Make my bed and prepare rice soup. The food is rough, but it is enough to fill my stomach. It's late at night, sleep quietly, the white stopped rumbling, the moon climbed the mountain, and the brightness entered the doors and windows. At dawn, I left alone, unable to see the way in and out of the fog, and I groped my way up and down. The mountains are bright red, Jianshui River is green, shiny and watery, and pine and oak trees are densely surrounded and lush. I met a stream on the road, stepped barefoot at the foot of a stone, and the sound of running water blew up my clothes. These things themselves can make life happy. You must be embarrassed to be a man. Oh, the selected students are far behind me in my own country. You are too old to come back.
From staying in the temple to getting up early the next day, what I saw and felt was described in a straightforward and casual way, unlike poetry, which became a pattern in poetry. The advantage also lies in writing the true feelings and the elegant and healthy syntactic method. It is certainly easier to learn this kind of poem.
Sixthly, writing poems of absolute love, taking Li Shangyin's untitled poems as an example.
You said the meeting was empty talk, after we didn't see its trace; Wake up in the oblique moonlight upstairs and listen to Xiao Zhong Chuming. The dream in the wound is far from being called; When I woke up, I began to write a letter. The blue candle burns its jade feather lamp, and the musk deer is slightly smoked to show hibiscus. But what I can't reach is the magic mountain. You are over there, beyond Wanfeng.
The first two sentences of this poem are written lightly and tactfully, which is most in line with the tone of colourful poems. Gorgeous poetry should be as graceful as flowers and as gentle as water to express the love between the two sexes. The third and fourth sentences are about the suffering of lovesickness, which is very profound. The fifth and sixth sentences are completely set off by gorgeous words, which is the consistent way from the palace poems of the Six Dynasties to the poems of the Five Dynasties, and also the unique flavor of traditional poems. At the end of the two sentences, there is another layer of affection, which makes people really feel helpless. Liu Lang alluded to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's quest for immortals, meaning that it is more difficult to meet immortals than to meet immortals.
The seventh category is love poems, taking Du Fu's Nine Days Cui Lantian Shi Cun as an example.
I am sad when I am old, strong and generous when I am old, and I am happy today. It is a shame to blow a hat with short hair, and it is a crown to laugh at others. Clear water falls far away from a thousand streams, and Yushan is high and two peaks are cold. We will know who is healthy next year, and we will carefully observe Cornus officinalis.
We must first know that this is what Du Fu did when he captured Chang 'an and temporarily lived in Lantian during the Anshi Rebellion. With a gaunt body, I spent the Double Ninth Festival climbing on the road when the soldiers and horses were still moving, and I can imagine my mood. However, this kind of mood can not be written in a poem, nor can it be written in a simple seven-tone. If every sentence of a seven-melody is written with the meaning of sad autumn and confused thoughts, it will be difficult to be excellent. He only said the word "sad autumn" in the first sentence, and then said in turn: Although he was sad autumn, he forced himself to forgive himself, which led to a party with his master in the second sentence. Although the two sentences use a rhyme, they are syntactically dual and coherent, covering almost the main meaning of the whole sentence. If you are not an old hand in this field, it is difficult to conceive the following words. However, he turned the allusion of Meng Jia's No.9 falling off the Longshan Mountain into two sentences, one empty and one solid, one positive and one negative, pointed out the theme of No.9 climbing the mountain, and made the metaphor of "being strong and forgiving, doing my best" very clear. The fifth and sixth sentences also point out the position of Lantian, and use it to write scenery and open up the realm of poetry. There seems to be nothing more to say. In the seventh and eighth sentences, he changed from "being strong and forgiving" to the feeling that he could not be dismissed anyway. Borrowing the preface of the Double Ninth Festival of Cornus officinalis, we can not only review the first two sentences, but also review the topics without missing a trace. As for the last two lingering sentences, it makes people sigh, not to mention.
When people encounter the changes of seasons and environment, they can't help but express their nostalgia for the present. "Songs of the South" said: "Sad autumn is also angry, bleak and bleak, and travel far away to climb the mountain near the water." ("Nine Debates") Who is full of feelings and is thrilling without reading these words? Cifu in the Six Dynasties, poetry in the Tang Dynasty and even poetry in the Song Dynasty are all good at this melancholy work, and the best works can write people's deep feelings, such as the sadness of Wen Guanxian.